Food Science Commons^™

Host Identity And Geographic Location Significantly Affect Gastrointestinal Microbial Richness And Diversity In Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) Under Human Care, Katrina Eschweiler, Jonathan B. Clayton, Anneke Moresco, Erin A. Mckenney, Larry J. Minter, Mallory J. Suhr Van Haute, William Gasper, Shivdeep Singh Hayer, Lifeng Zhu, Kathryn Cooper, Kimberly Ange-Van Heugten

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The last few decades have seen an outpouring of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome studies across diverse host species. Studies have ranged from assessments of GI microbial richness and diversity to classification of novel microbial lineages. Assessments of the “normal” state of the GI microbiome composition across multiple host species has gained increasing importance for distinguishing healthy versus diseased states. This study aimed to determine baselines and trends over time to establish “typical” patterns of GI microbial richness and diversity, as well as interindividual variation, in three populations of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) under human care at three …

Development Of A Multiplex Real-Time Pcr Assay For Predicting Macrolide And Tetracycline Resistance Associated With Bacterial Pathogens Of Bovine Respiratory Disease, Enakshy Dutta, John Dustin Loy, Caitlyn A. Deal, Emily L. Wynn, Michael L. Clawson, Jennifer Clarke, Bing Wang

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an emerging concern that may threaten both animal and public health. Rapid and accurate detection of AMR is essential for prudent drug therapy selection during BRD outbreaks. This study aimed to develop a multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (qPCR) to provide culture-independent information regarding the phenotypic AMR status of BRD cases and an alternative to the gold-standard, culture-dependent test. Bovine clinical samples (297 lung and 111 nasal) collected in Nebraska were subjected to qPCR quantification of macrolide (MAC) and tetracycline (TET) resistance genes and gold-standard determinations of AMR of …

Editorial: Gluten, From Plant To Plate: Implications For People With Celiac Disease, Michelle Lisa Colgrave, Katharina Anne Scherf, Melanie Downs, Alberto Caminero

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Bovine Colostrum And Its Potential For Human Health And Nutrition, Aysenur Arslan, Merve Kaplan, Hatice Duman, Ayse Bayraktar, Melih Ertürk, Bethany M. Henrick, Steven A. Frese, Sercan Karav

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Colostrum is the first milk produced post-partum by mammals and is compositionally distinct from mature milk. Bovine colostrum has a long history of consumption by humans, and there have been a number of studies investigating its potential for applications in human nutrition and health. Extensive characterization of the constituent fractions has identified a wealth of potentially bioactive molecules, their potential for shaping neonatal development, and the potential for their application beyond the neonatal period. Proteins, fats, glycans, minerals, and vitamins are abundant in colostrum, and advances in dairy processing technologies have enabled the advancement of bovine colostrum from relative limitations …

Molecular Adaptation To Folivory And The Conservation Implications For Madagascar’S Lemurs, Elaine E. Guevara, Lydia K. Greene, Marina B. Blanco, Casey Farmer, Jeannin Ranaivonasy, Joelisoa Ratsirarson, Karine L. Mahefarisoa, Tsiky Rajaonarivelo, Hajanirina H. Rakotondrainibe, Randall E. Junge, Cathy V. Williams, Elodi Rambeloson, Hoby A. Rasoanaivo, Vololonirina Rahalinarivo, Laza H. Andrianandrianina, Jonathan B. Clayton, Ryan S. Rothman, Richard R. Lawler, Brenda J. Bradley, Anne D. Yoder

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The lemurs of Madagascar include numerous species characterized by folivory across several families. Many extant lemuriform folivores exist in sympatry in Madagascar’s remaining forests. These species avoid feeding competition by adopting different dietary strategies within folivory, reflected in behavioral, morphological, and microbiota diversity across species. These conditions make lemurs an ideal study system for understanding adaptation to leaf-eating. Most folivorous lemurs are also highly endangered. The significance of folivory for conservation outlook is complex. Though generalist folivores may be relatively well equipped to survive habitat disturbance, specialist folivores occupying narrow dietary niches may be less resilient. Characterizing the genetic bases …

Heuristic And Hierarchical-Based Population Mining Of Salmonella Enterica Lineage I Pan-Genomes As A Platform To Enhance Food Safety, Joao Carlos Gomes-Neto, Natasha Pavlovikj, Carmen Cano, Baha Abdalhamid, Gabriel Asad Al-Ghalith, John Dustin Loy, Dan Knights, Peter C. Iwen, Byron D. Chaves, Andrew K. Benson

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The recent incorporation of bacterial whole-genome sequencing (WGS) into Public Health laboratories has enhanced foodborne outbreak detection and source attribution. As a result, large volumes of publicly available datasets can be used to study the biology of foodborne pathogen populations at an unprecedented scale. To demonstrate the application of a heuristic and agnostic hierarchical population structure guided pan-genome enrichment analysis (PANGEA), we used populations of S. enterica lineage I to achieve two main objectives: (i) show how hierarchical population inquiry at different scales of resolution can enhance ecological and epidemiological inquiries; and (ii) identify population-specific inferable traits that could provide …

Prokevo: An Automated, Reproducible, And Scalable Framework For High-Throughput Bacterial Population Genomics Analyses, Natasha Pavlovikj, Joao Carlos Gomes-Neto, Jitender S. Deogun, Andrew K. Benson

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) data from bacterial species is used for a variety of applications ranging from basic microbiological research, diagnostics, and epidemiological surveillance. The availability of WGS data from hundreds of thousands of individual isolates of individual microbial species poses a tremendous opportunity for discovery and hypothesis-generating research into ecology and evolution of these microorganisms. Flexibility, scalability, and user-friendliness of existing pipelines for population-scale inquiry, however, limit applications of systematic, population-scale approaches. Here, we present ProkEvo, an automated, scalable, reproducible, and open-source framework for bacterial population genomics analyses using WGS data. ProkEvo was specifically developed to achieve the following …

Interspecies Variation In Hominid Gut Microbiota Controls Host Gene Regulation, Amanda L. Muehlbauer, Allison L. Richards, Adnan Alazizi, Michael B. Burns, Andres Gomez, Jonathan B. Clayton, Klara Petrzelkova, Camilla Cascardo, Justyna Resztak, Xiaoquan Wen, Roger Pique-Regi, Francesca Luca, Ran Blekhman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The gut microbiome exhibits extreme compositional variation between hominid hosts. However, it is unclear how this variation impacts host physiology across species and whether this effect can be mediated through microbial regulation of host gene expression in interacting epithelial cells. Here, we characterize the transcriptional response of human colonic epithelial cells in vitro to live microbial communities extracted from humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. We find that most host genes exhibit a conserved response, whereby they respond similarly to the four hominid microbiomes. However, hundreds of host genes exhibit a divergent response, whereby they respond only to microbiomes from specific …

The International Scientific Association For Probiotics And Prebiotics (Isapp) Consensus Statement On Fermented Foods, Maria L. Marco, Mary Ellen Sanders, Michael Gänzle, Marie Claire Arrieta, Paul D. Cotter, Luc De Vuyst, Colin Hill, Wilhelm Holzapfel, Sarah Lebeer, Dan Merenstein, Gregor Reid, Benjamin E. Wolfe, Robert Hutkins

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

An expert panel was convened in September 2019 by The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to develop a definition for fermented foods and to describe their role in the human diet. Although these foods have been consumed for thousands of years, they are receiving increased attention among biologists, nutritionists, technologists, clinicians and consumers. Despite this interest, inconsistencies related to the use of the term ‘fermented’ led the panel to define fermented foods and beverages as “foods made through desired microbial growth and enzymatic conversions of food components”. This definition, encompassing the many varieties of fermented foods, is …

Dietary Fiber Intake, The Gut Microbiome, And Chronic Systemic Inflammation In A Cohort Of Adult Men, Wenjie Ma, Long H. Nguyen, Mingyang Song, Dong D. Wang, Eric A. Franzosa, Yin Cao, Amit Joshi, David A. Drew, Raaj Mehta, Kerry L. Ivey, Lisa L. Strate, Edward L. Giovannucci, Jacques Izard, Wendy Garrett, Eric B. Rimm, Curtis Huttenhower, Andrew T. Chan

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: A higher intake of dietary fiber is associated with a decreased risk of chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and inflammatory bowel disease. This may function in part due to abrogation of chronic systemic inflammation induced by factors such as dysbiotic gut communities. Data regarding the detailed influences of long-term and recent intake of differing dietary fiber sources on the human gut microbiome are lacking.

Methods: In a cohort of 307 generally healthy men, we examined gut microbiomes, profiled by shotgun metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing, and long-term and recent dietary fiber intake in relation to plasma …

Time Of Harvest Affects United States-Grown Aronia Mitschurinii Berry Polyphenols, Brix, And Acidity, Erica S. King, Junhyo Cho, Hengjing Li, Xueqi Jiang, Annika K. Madler, Mikala K. Weishair, Susan Glenn, Mark H. Brand, Changmou Xu, Bradley W. Bolling

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The goal of this study was to determine how the date of harvest impacts the quality characteristics of Aronia mitschurinii (A. K. Skvortsov and Maitul.) ‘Viking’ and ‘Galicjanka’ berries. Aronia berries were collected from farms in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States over seven weeks of harvest during 2018, 2019 and 2020. The berries were analyzed for total phenol, anthocyanins, proanthocyanins, sugar, and acid. Aronia berry composition modestly deviated between each year of the study. Berries harvested in 2018 had the highest total phenols and proanthocyanidins, both increasing in content from weeks 1–5 from 15.90 ± 3.15–19.65 mg gallic acid …

Transport Of Dietary Anti-Inflammatory Peptide, Γ-Glutamyl Valine (Γ-Ev), Across The Intestinal Caco-2 Monolayer, Snigdha Guha, Sophie Alvarez, Kaustav Majumder

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The present study analyzed the transepithelial transport of the dietary anti-inflammatory peptide, -glutamyl valine (γ-EV). γ-EV is naturally found in dry edible beans. Our previous study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potency of γ-EV against vascular inflammation at a concentration of 1mM, and that it can transport with the apparent permeability coefficient (P_app) of 1.56 x 10^-6 ± 0.7 x 10^-6 cm/s across the intestinal Caco-2 cells. The purpose of the current study was to explore whether the permeability of the peptide could be enhanced and to elucidate the mechanism of transport of γ-EV across Caco-2 cells. The …

Genetic Variability And Evolutionary Dynamics Of Atypical Papaya Ringspot Virus Infecting Papaya, Anam Saleem, Zahid Ali, Shyi-Dong Yeh, Wajeeha Saeed, Amna Binat Imdad, Muhammad Faheem Akbar, Richard E. Goodman, Saadia Naseem

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Papaya ringspot virus biotype-P is a detrimental pathogen of economically important papaya and cucurbits worldwide. The mutation prone feature of this virus perhaps accounts for its geographical dissemination. In this study, investigations of the atypical PRSV-P strain was conducted based on phylogenetic, recombination and genetic differentiation analyses considering of it’s likely spread across India and Bangladesh. Full length genomic sequences of 38 PRSV isolates and 35 CP gene sequences were subjected to recombination analysis. A total of 61 recombination events were detected in aligned complete PRSV genome sequences. 3 events were detected in complete genome of PRSV strain PK whereas …

Performance Of Two Handheld Nir Spectrometers To Quantify Crude Protein Of Composite Animal Forage And Feedstuff, Isaac R. Rukundo, Mary-Grace C. Danao, James C. Macdonald, Randy L. Wehling, Curtis L. Weller

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Two handheld near infrared (NIR) spectrometers were used to quantify crude protein (CP) content of mixed forage and feedstuff composed of Sweet Bran, distiller’s grains, corn silage, and corn stalk. First was a transportable spectrometer, which measured in the visible and NIR ranges (320–2500 nm) with a spectral interval of 1 nm (H1). Second was a smartphone spectrometer, which measured from 900–1700 nm with a spectral interval of 4 nm (H2). Spectral data of 147 forage and feed samples were collected by both handheld instruments and split into calibration (n= 120) and validation (n= …

Effects Of Ball Milling Combined With Cellulase Treatment On Physicochemical Properties And In Vitro Hypoglycemic Ability Of Sea Buckthorn Seed Meal Insoluble Dietary Fiber, Yulian Zhu, Xiaolong Ji, Michael Yuen, Tina Yuen, Hywel Yuen, Min Wang, Deandrae Smith, Qiang Peng

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

To improve the rough texture and hypoglycemic ability of sea buckthorn insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), a novel combined modification method was developed in this study. The IDF was treated with ball milling and cellulase treatment to obtain co-modified insoluble dietary fiber (CIDF). The physicochemical and functional properties of IDF, milled insoluble dietary fiber (MIDF), and CIDF were studied. After treatments, MIDF had smaller particle sizes and a looser structure, and CIDF exhibited a wrinkled surface and sparse porous structure according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. Compared to IDF, MIDF and CIDF showed improved water-holding, oil-binding, and swelling …

Composition Analysis And Antioxidant Activity Evaluation Of A High Purity Oligomeric Procyanidin Prepared From Sea Buckthorn By A Green Method, Yulian Zhu, Michael Yuen, Wenxia Li, Hywel Yuen, Min Wang, Deandrae Smith, Qiang Peng

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Procyanidin is an important polyphenol for its health-promoting properties, however, the study of procyanidin in sea buckthorn was limited. In this paper, sea buckthorn procyanidin (SBP) was obtained through a green isolation and enrichment technique with an extraction rate and purity of 9.1% and 91.5%. The structure of SBP was analyzed using Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results show that SBP is an oligomeric procyanidin, mainly composed of (􀀀 )-epicatechin gallate, procyanidin B, (+)-gallocatechin-(+)-catechin, and (+)-gallocatechin dimer. SBP showed superior scavenging capacity on free radicals. Furthermore, the cleaning rate of the ABTS …

Integration Of The Metabolome And Transcriptome Reveals The Metabolites And Genes Related To Nutritional And Medicinal Value In Coriandrum Sativum, Wu Tong, Feng Shu-Yan, Yang Qi-Hang, Preetida J. Bhetariya, Gong Ke, Cui Chun-Lin, Song Jie, Ping Xiao-Rui, Pei Qiao-Ying, Yu Tong, Song Xiao-Ming

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) or Chinese parsley is a culinary herb with multiple medicinal effects, which is widely used in cooking and traditional medicine. It is enriched with essential oils and anti-oxidant compounds with unknown significance. To explore the untapped reservoir of Coriander, we studied the transcriptome and metabolic profiles from three developmental stages. Here, we identified 10 tyrosine metabolic pathway-related genes (TMPRGs), six porphyrins and chlorophyll metabolic pathway-related genes (PCMPRGs), and five Vitamin E metabolic pathway-related genes (VEMPRGs). These genes were associated with the early development of Coriander. Our analysis suggests that these pathways …

Bioactivity Of Cooked Standard And Enriched Whole Eggs From White Leghorn And Rhode Island Red In Exhibiting In-Vitro Antioxidant And Ace-Inhibitory Effects, Emerson Nolasco, Mike Naldrett, Sophie Alvarez, Philip E. Johnson, Kaustav Majumder

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Hen breed, diet enrichment, cooking methods, and gastrointestinal (GI) digestion modulates the bioaccessibility of the bioactive compounds in eggs, but their synergistic role in modulating bioactivity is still unclear. The present study evaluates the effect of hen breed, diet enrichment, and GI digestion on the cooked whole egg-derived peptides in-vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Standard and enriched whole eggs from White Leghorn (WLH) and Rhode Island Red (RIR) hens were boiled or fried and subjected to GI digestion. Antioxidant activity was measured through oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and gastrointestinal epithelial cell-based assays, and the antihypertensive capacity by in-vitro Angiotensin-I …

A Representation Learning Model Based On Variational Inference And Graph Autoencoder For Predicting Lncrna‑Disease Associations, Zhuangwei Shi, Han Zhang, Chen Jin, Xiongwen Quan, Yanbin Yin

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs are related to plenty of human diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to predict potential lncRNAdisease associations for disease prognosis, diagnosis and therapy. Dozens of machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been adopted to this problem, yet it is still challenging to learn efficient low-dimensional representations from high-dimensional features of lncRNAs and diseases to predict unknown lncRNA-disease associations accurately. Results: We proposed an end-to-end model, VGAELDA, which integrates variational inference and graph autoencoders for lncRNA-disease associations prediction. VGAELDA contains two kinds of graph autoencoders. Variational graph autoencoders (VGAE) infer …

Comprehensive Analysis Of Ssrs And Database Construction Using All Complete Gene-Coding Sequences In Major Horticultural And Representative Plants, Xiaoming Song, Qihang Yang, Yun Bai, Ke Gong, Tong Wu, Tong Yu, Qiaoying Pei, Weike Duan, Zhinan Huang, Zhiyuan Wang, Zhuo Liu, Xi Kang, Wei Zhao, Xiao Ma

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are one of the most important genetic markers and widely exist in most species. Here, we identified 249,822 SSRs from 3,951,919 genes in 112 plants. Then, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of these SSRs and constructed a plant SSR database (PSSRD). Interestingly, more SSRs were found in lower plants than in higher plants, showing that lower plants needed to adapt to early extreme environments. Four specific enriched functional terms in the lower plant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were detected when it was compared with seven other higher plants. In addition, Guanylate_cyc existed in more genes of lower plants …