Food Science Commons^™

Establishment Of Indirect Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay For The Detection Of Platycodin D In Radix Platycodonis, Shuai Luo, Yanfei He, Hongxiang Sun

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Platycodin D (PD) has been used as the quality control marker of Radix Platycodonis for its high content and various pharmacological properties. In this study, a specific polyclonal antibody against PD (PD–pAb) was developed, and PD–pAb-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was established for the detection of PD in Radix Platycodonis. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) of PD was 2.70 μg/mL and the linearity range for PD was from 0.064 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL. No cross reactivity with PD–pAb was found in five PD analogs except for PD2 (0.93%). The average recovery of PD by icELISA was …

Spatiotemporal Patterns Of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins And Dibenzofurans And Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Foodstuffs In Air Quality Regions In Taiwan, Ching-Chang Lee, Wei-Hsiang Chang, Hsin-Tang Lin, Jung-Wei Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

High-fat food intake is the main source of dioxin-like compounds for humans, such as consumption of meat, dairy and eggs, and seafood products. Fruits, vegetables, and cereals have relatively low levels of dioxin-like compounds, but because of high consumption they also contribute to the food-borne intake. It is necessary to clarify dietary dioxin exposure affected by different food contamination levels and dietary habits among different geographic areas. We aimed to evaluate chronic dietary PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs exposure in 725 individual foods in 14 categories in 6 Taiwan air quality regions (AQRs) and a total of 2,441 foods from 2004 and …

Quantification Of Adenosine Mono-, Di- And Triphosphate From Royal Jelly Using Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Wan-Rou Liao, Jen-Pang Huang, Sung-Fang Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Nucleotides are composed of nitrogen bases, ribose units and phosphate groups. Adenine (Ade), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) all play important roles in physiological metabolism. Royal jelly, a secretion produced by worker bees, contains a variety of natural ingredients and several studies have shown that royal jelly can serve as a source of nutrition for humans. In this study, a rapid and effective LC/MS method coupled with pre-processing methods was developed and validated for the accurate quantification of Ade, AMP, ADP and ATP in royal jelly. To achieve the best extraction efficiency, two pretreatment methods, …

Lipophilized Epigallocatechin (Egc) And Its Derivatives: Inhibition Of Oxidation Of Β-Carotene–Linoleate Oil-In-Water Emulsion And Dna Strand Scission, Priyatharini Ambigaipalan, Won Young Oh, Fereidoon Shahidi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tea epigallocatechin (EGC) was acylated with selected fatty acids, namely propionic acid [C3:0], caprylic acid [C8:0], lauric acid [C12:0], stearic acid [C18:0] and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3). Antioxidant activity of EGC and its lipophilized derivatives were examined in various food (β-carotene–linoleate oil-in-water emulsion and bulk oil) and biological (supercoiled DNA and LDL) systems in vitro in order to evaluate the effect of increased lipophilicity on their antioxidant capacity. Lipophilized EGC derivatives were more effective in β-carotene–linoleate oil-in-water emulsion and bulk oil than their parent EGC molecule. Meanwhile, EGC and its derivatives showed more than 60 …

Prevalence Of Multidrug-Resistant Foodborne Pathogens And Indicator Bacteria From Edible Offal And Muscle Meats In Nashville, Tennessee, Siqin Liu, Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge, Samuel N. Nahashon, Bharat Pokharel, Abdullah Ibn Mafiz, Maureen Nzomo

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

This study investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in retail edible offal and muscle meats in Nashville, Tennessee. A total of 348 retail meats (160 edible offal and 188 muscle) were analyzed for Salmonella enterica serovar, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, and enterococci. Bacteria was identified using biochemical and PCR methods. Salmonella enterica serovar (4.4% and 4.3%), Campylobacter (1.9% and 1.1%), E. coli (79.4% and 89.4%), and enterococci (88.1% and 95.7%) was detected in offal and muscle meats, respectively. Chicken liver (9.7%) was most frequently contaminated with Salmonella enterica serovar, followed by ground chicken (6.9%) and chicken wings (4.2%). …

Cilësia E Mishit Dhe Produkteve Të Tij Nga Këndvështrimi I Konsumatorit Në Kosovë, Laureta Beqiri

Theses and Dissertations

Mishi dhe produktet e tij janë pothuajse pjesë e pandashme e dietës sonë. Mishi luan një rol shumë të rëndësishëm duke kontribuar me proteina cilësore,minerale, dhe një sërë vitaminash. Në këtë punim do të shpjegojmë ndërtimin e mishit, vlerat ushqyese , mënyrat e ruajtjes, procesin teknologjik të përpunimit dhe ambalazhimit të prodhimeve të mishit, dhe poashtu do të paraqiten rezultatet e hulumtimit të bërë me anë të anketës mbi përdorimin, preferencat, dhe njurive të konsumatorve për prodhimet e mishit.

Përpunimi përfshin marrjen e mishit në formën e tij të papërpunuar dhe shndërrimin e tij në një produkt që është i …

Influence Of Chaperone-Like Activity Of Caseinomacropeptide On The Gelation Behaviour Of Whey Proteins At Ph 6.4 And 7.2, Sophie J. Gaspard, Prateek Sharma, Ciarán Fitzgerald, John T. Tobin, James A. O'Mahony, Alan L. Kelly, Andre Brodkorb

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The effect of caseinomacropeptide (CMP) on the heat-induced denaturation and gelation of whey proteins (2.5–10%, w/v) at pH 6.4 and 7.2, at a whey protein:CMP ratio of 1:0.9 (w/w), was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), oscillatory rheology (90 °C for 20 min) and confocal microscopy. Greater frequency-dependence in the presence of CMP suggested that the repulsive interactions between CMP and the whey proteins affected the network generated by the non-heated whey protein samples. At pH 6.4 or 7.2, CMP increased the temperature of denaturation of β-lactoglobulin by up to 3 °C and increased the gelation temperature by up to …

Characterization And Antimicrobial Activity Of Biodegradable Active Packaging Enriched With Clove And Thyme Essential Oil For Food Packaging Application, Shubham Sharma, Sandra Barkauskaite, Brendan Duffy, Amit Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

Bioactive packaging contains natural antimicrobial agents, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms and increase the food shelf life. Solvent casting method was used to prepare the Poly (lactide)-Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA-PBAT) film incorporated with the thyme oil and clove oil in various concentrations (1 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt%). The clove oil composite films depicted less green and more yellow as compared to thyme oil composite films. Clove oil composite film has shown an 80% increase in the UV blocking efficiency. The tensile strength (TS) of thyme oil and clove oil composite film decreases from 1.35 MPs (control film) …

Effects Of Period And Temperature On Quality And Shelf-Life Of Cucumber And Garden-Eggs Packaged Using Cassava Starch-Zinc Nanocomposite Film, Adeshina Fadeyibi, Zinash Delebo Osunde, Mohammed Gana Yisa

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Nanocomposite film can be used to prolong the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables. This research was undertaken to investigate the effects of packaging period and temperature on the quality and self-lives of cucumber and garden-eggs packaged using cassava starch-zinc nanocomposite film. Hundred grams each of cucumber and garden-eggs were wrapped in a 200× 350 mm size nanocomposite film and low density polyethylene (LDPE) of 2.240± 1.076 × 10^-10 gm^-1Pa^-1s^-1 water vapor and 1.568± 0.084× 10^-10 gm^-1Pa^-1s^-1 oxygen gas permeability. The products were stored at 10−27^oC temperatures …

Performance Of A Uv-A Led System For Degradation Of Aflatoxins B1 And M1 In Pure Water: Kinetics And Cytotoxicity Study, Judy Stanley, Ankit Patras, Brahmaiah Pendyala, Matthew J. Vergne, Rishipal R. Bansode

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

The efficacy of a UV-A light emitting diode system (LED) to reduce the concentrations of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1 (AFB1, AFM1) in pure water was studied. This work investigates and reveals the kinetics and main mechanism(s) responsible for the destruction of aflatoxins in pure water and assesses the cytotoxicity in liver hepatocellular cells. Irradiation experiments were conducted using an LED system operating at 365 nm (monochromatic wave-length). Known concentrations of aflatoxins were spiked in water and irradiated at UV-A doses ranging from 0 to 1,200 mJ/cm2. The concentration of AFB1 and AFM1 was determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection. LC–MS/MS …

Genetic Diversity: The Hub Of Plant Breeding, Foster Kangben

International Programs

Agriculture the world over is faced with the threat of food, fiber, and nutrition insecurity especially in the wake of climate change. However, employing two approaches to plant breeding, the molecular and phenotypic methods, can make use of genetic diversity in crop species in order to help surmount these challenges.

Maleic Anhydride Compatibilized Peach Waste As Filler In Polypropylene And High Density Polyethylene Biocomposites, Caralyn Wong, Stephanie Jung, Joongmin Shin, Ajay Kathuria

Master's Theses

It is estimated that roughly 103, 515 tons of peach waste is produced annually in the US. The majority of the waste is disposed of in landfills, which contributes to climate change as they release 93 million metric tons of CO₂ equivalent. Peach waste principally consists of remaining stone and seed after flesh removal. The agro-waste includes both cellulose and lignin, which can be utilized as a filler in plastic packaging to reduce carbon footprints and material cost. The objectives of this research are (1) to develop peach flour (PF)-filled biocomposites with a polyolefin matrix using maleic anhydride-g-high density …

Impact Of Gamma Irradiation On Post-Harvest Disorders In 'Bartlett' Pears, Michelle Tu

Food Science (MS) Theses

The goal of this research was to determine the effect of irradiation on post-harvest disorders and ripening quality of ‘Bartlett’ pears stored for 3 months in air. ‘Bartlett’ pears were treated at 470 and 940 Gy and held at -1 - 0 ˚C at 95 % humidity. At 0, 45, and 90 days following treatment, the pears were brought to room temperature and allowed to ripen. The pears were then monitored for changes in respiration rate and ethylene production. After reaching the climacteric peak, pears were evaluated for incidence of post-harvest disorders, ACS and ACO enzyme activities, and quality factors …

Elucidating The Relation Between Human Milk Fatty Acids, Extracellular Vesicles, And Infant Developmental Outcomes In The First Year Of Life, Diana Bickmore

Food Science (MS) Theses

For most infants, human milk is the recommended source of nutrition. Improved developmental outcomes have been reported in infants that consume human milk compared to infant formula. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) confer health benefits. However, EFAs cannot be synthesized by the body, and therefore must be consumed in diet. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles containing a lipid bilayer membrane and are present in human milk. Methods of EV isolation such as ultracentrifugation (UC) may not be feasible for the study of EVs in human milk due to the need for large sample volume, which may not be available. The objectives …

Response Of Broiler Chickens In The Starter And Finisher Phases To 3 Sources Of Microbial Phytase, O. O. Babatunde, J. A. Jendza, P. Ader, P. Xue, Sunday A. Adedokun, O. Adeola

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

A broiler chicken study was conducted for 42 D to evaluate their responses to 3 commercially available microbial phytases. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and bone mineralization at days 21 and 42 posthatching were used as parameters of evaluation. The study was a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments, 8 replicate pens, and 25 birds per pen. Treatments included a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC) with crude protein (CP), nonphytate phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) reduced by 18, 1.5, and 1.8 g/kg, respectively; the NC + 4 levels of phytase A (250, 500, 750, 1,000 FTU/kg), 3 levels …

Efekti I Konservuesve Me Bazë Bimore Në Reduktimin E Aktivitetit Mikrobiologjik Në Qumështin E Freskët, Ali Rudari

Theses and Dissertations

Qëllimi bazë këtij studimi ka qenë studimi i efektit antimikrobik, i konservuesit me bazë bimore në qumështin e freskët dhe njohja me përbërjen e qumështit, mikrobiologjinë e qumështit dhe problemet e industrisë së përpunimit të qumështit. Analizat e numrit të përgjithshëm të mikroorganizmave në qumësht janë realizuar në përputhje me kërkesat e ISO 4833. Nga mostrat e marra rastësisht në treg, janë ndarë në dy mostra ku tek Mostra 1 kemi analizuar numrin e mikroorganizmave total pa përdorur ndonjë trajtim, ndërsa tek Mostra 2 kemi analizuar numrin e mikroorganizmave total pasi kemi shtuar një sasi prej 0.4 ml konservues për …

Cilësia E Mishit Dhe Produkteve Të Tij Nga Këndvështrimi I Konsumatorit Në Kosovë, Laureta Beqiri

Theses and Dissertations

Mishi dhe produktet e tij janë pothuajse pjesë e pandashme e dietës sonë. Mishi luan një rol shumë të rëndësishëm duke kontribuar me proteina cilësore,minerale, dhe një sërë vitaminash. Në këtë punim do të shpjegojmë ndërtimin e mishit, vlerat ushqyese , mënyrat e ruajtjes, procesin teknologjik të përpunimit dhe ambalazhimit të prodhimeve të mishit, dhe poashtu do të paraqiten rezultatet e hulumtimit të bërë me anë të anketës mbi përdorimin, preferencat, dhe njurive të konsumatorve për prodhimet e mishit. Përpunimi përfshin marrjen e mishit në formën e tij të papërpunuar dhe shndërrimin e tij në një produkt që është i …

The Effects Of Milk Phospholipids On Functional Properties Of Anhydrous Milk Fat And Oil Structured Gel Systems, Zachary Cooper

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lecithin is an ingredient commonly used in foods composed of high concentration of phospholipids. Phospholipids are a type of fat that can mix with both water and oil. In the current food industry, most lecithins come from sunflower, egg, and soybean sources. An additional source of phospholipids can be the waste streams from the dairy industry, such as the whey protein and butter making processes, since these contain a high concentration of phospholipids. Dairy phospholipids have been isolated in the past, but their traits as a functional ingredient are still unknown. In addition, most isolated dairy phospholipids still contain protein, …

Harmful Algal Blooms: Dominance In Lakes And Risk For Cyanotoxin Exposure In Food Crops, Austin D. Bartos

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Climate change and human activities are promoting the dominance of a photosynthetic family of aquatic bacteria, cyanobacteria. Blooms of cyanobacteria are not only a visual nuisance but can produce a variety of cyanotoxins than can harm the liver, skin, and nervous system of animals and humans. We analyzed lakes in the contiguous United States and found that between 2007 and 2012, the number of lakes that produced measurable quantities of cyanotoxins increased from 33% to 45%. Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution were the main drivers of cyanobacteria blooms and toxin production between these years. Many of these lakes and reservoirs are …

Life Cycle Assessment Of The Us Beef Processing Through Integrated Hybrid Approach, Shaobin Li, Yuwei Qin, Jeyamkondan Subbiah, Bruce Dvorak

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

Hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) incorporating process-based and economic input-output (EIO)–based inventory data has been applied in various industries (e.g., wind energy, biofuel). Few hybrid LCA studies have been found in the food industry. This work analyzes the life cycle environmental impacts of the US beef processing industry using process-based and integrated hybrid LCA. The process-based inventory includes all resource inputs and waste outputs associated with a beef processing plant. The EIO-based inventory includes key activities missing in the process-based inventory, such as technical and management service, wood and paper, and industrial equipment. Ten environmental impact categories from TRACI v2.1 …