Characterization Of Cofilin And Its Potential Role In The Epha4 Pathway,
2022
Eastern Michigan University
Characterization Of Cofilin And Its Potential Role In The Epha4 Pathway, Brian Donald Condron
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
EphA4 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is responsible for cellular adhesion and locomotion using repulsion signaling in early development of Xenopus laevis. EphA4 regulates cellular locomotion by controlling proteins within its signal transduction pathway, which may include the protein cofilin. Cofilin actively severs and removes actin monomers, thus altering the actin cytoskeleton, leading to the cessation of cellular crawl. During the gastrulation phase of embryonic development, individual cells are relocating to create the three primary germ layers of the organism. Failure of this process to occur results in attrition of the embryos, frequently by way of embryonic exogastrulation. …
Intestinal Endothelial Cells Promote Hiv Latent Infection In Resting And Activated Cd4+ T-Cells,
2022
Calvin University
Intestinal Endothelial Cells Promote Hiv Latent Infection In Resting And Activated Cd4+ T-Cells, Nathan Dapprich, Jessica Eddy, Fisher Pham, Anding Shen
Summer Research
No abstract provided.
Phosphatidylserine Externalization On Non-Apoptotic Cells And Lipid Scramblases In C. Elegans,
2022
University of Denver
Phosphatidylserine Externalization On Non-Apoptotic Cells And Lipid Scramblases In C. Elegans, Julia Frondoni
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cell corpse clearance is key for animals to avoid inflammation and autoimmune disease. To better understand the “eat me” signal of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure for non-apoptotic corpse clearance, we attempted to disrupt the externalization of PS on C. elegans polar bodies. The second polar body undergoes a non-apoptotic form of cell death, loses membrane integrity, externalizes PS and is cleared by embryonic cells during early development. During apoptotic and necrotic cell death, PS asymmetry is disrupted by lipid scramblases, which translocate phospholipids between the leaflets of the lipid bilayer. We found neither apoptotic nor necrotic scramblases are required for PS …
Emerging Biomedical Applications Of The Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein,
2022
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
Emerging Biomedical Applications Of The Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein, Sheeba Rehman, Suman Bishnoi, Rajarshi Roy, Anshu Kumari, Harikrishnan Jayakumar, Sharad Gupta, Parimal Kar, Asit K. Pattnaik, Bebasis Nayak
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Nanoparticles (NPs) made of metals, polymers, micelles, and liposomes are increasingly being used in various biomedical applications. However, most of these NPs are hazardous for long- and short-term use and hence have restricted biomedical applications. Therefore, naturally derived, biocompatible, and biodegradable nanoconstructs are being explored for such applications. Inspired by the biology of viruses, researchers are exploring the viral proteins that hold considerable promise in biomedical applications. The viral proteins are highly stable and further amenable to suit specific biological applications. Among various viral proteins, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) has emerged as one of the most versatile platforms for …
Phip-Seq Reveals Autoantibodies For Ubiquitously Expressed
Antigens In Viral Myocarditis,
2022
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Phip-Seq Reveals Autoantibodies For Ubiquitously Expressed Antigens In Viral Myocarditis, Mahima T. Rasquinha, Ninaad Lasrado, Erika M. Petro-Turnquist, Eric A. Weaver, Thiagarajan Venkataraman, Daniel R. Anderson, H. Benjamin Larman, Jay Reddy
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Simple Summary: Myocarditis is the inflammation of the heart muscle, and viral infections are a common cause of this disease. Myocarditis in some patients can progress to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The mouse model of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is commonly used to understand this disease progression in DCM patients. In this paper, we have attempted to analyze antibodies for heart antigens that could be produced as a result of heart damage in animals infected with CVB3 using a technique called Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq). The analyses led us to identify antibodies for several proteins that were not previously reported that may …
The Electronic Structure Of Atoms: A New Approach,
2022
Calvin University
The Electronic Structure Of Atoms: A New Approach, Jackson Ross, Krista Zogg, Katherine Selvaggio, Roger Dekock
Summer Research
No abstract provided.
One Cell’S Trash Is Another Cell’S Treasure: The Role Of Exosomes In Stress Physiology Of The Brown Anole (Anolis Sagrei),
2022
Rollins College
One Cell’S Trash Is Another Cell’S Treasure: The Role Of Exosomes In Stress Physiology Of The Brown Anole (Anolis Sagrei), Anna Kaza
Honors Program Theses
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle that is produced by cells through an endosomal pathway and secreted into bodily fluids. Exosomes deliver bioactive cargo from their parent cells to target cells as a form of intercellular communication. While most research has studied exosomes in the context of disease, less is known about their role in normal physiology when disease is absent. Using the brown anole (Anolis sagrei) as a model organism, we investigated how stress exposure affects exosome concentrations in the plasma of anoles, and whether exosome release is necessary for the response to stress. We hypothesized that stress …
Investigation Of Nuclear Envelope-Associated Progeria Proteins During Nuclear Envelope Rupture,
2022
University of South Dakota
Investigation Of Nuclear Envelope-Associated Progeria Proteins During Nuclear Envelope Rupture, Rhiannon Marie Sears
Dissertations and Theses
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a specialized extension of the endoplasmic reticulum critical for the proper protection and organization of the genome. This interphase-only structure is host to several proteins and their interacting constituents that have various and diverse cellular roles. Mutations in NE constituents are associated with several human diseases. A subset of these diseases, known as progeria syndromes, are characterized by the premature presentation of physiological aging in a variety of tissues. Mutations in the genes LMNA and BANF1, which encode the A-type lamins and barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), can lead to these multisystem progeroid diseases. Though the underlying …
Serotonin's Proliferative Effects On Lung Cancer Cell Lines,
2022
University of Central Florida
Serotonin's Proliferative Effects On Lung Cancer Cell Lines, Jessy K. Ntabo
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Serotonin has been widely explored in the brain. Recently, there have been new findings on how serotonin works in the periphery. Serotonin is introduced to the periphery by the enterochromaffin cells and metabolized by the liver and lung. Studies have shown that serotonin plays a role in controlling lung cancer. However, the mechanism by which it initiates tumor formation has not been fully explored. Cell viability was measured in several lung adenocarcinoma cell lines treated with serotonin to study this effect. In GFP-labelled cells, fluorescence intensity was measured for quantification of cell viability. Our data showed an overall increase in …
Cellular Activation Following Acute And Chronic Ethanol In Glutamatergic Projection Neurons,
2022
Virginia Commonwealth University
Cellular Activation Following Acute And Chronic Ethanol In Glutamatergic Projection Neurons, Annalise Hassan, Sam Gottlieb, Michael F. Miles Md, Phd
IRBEH/Spit for Science Publications and Presentations
No abstract provided.
Elucidating The Role Of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 In Lung Stem Cell Fate And Lung Disease,
2022
University of Kentucky
Elucidating The Role Of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 In Lung Stem Cell Fate And Lung Disease, Aria Byrd
Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology
The average human lungs take ~22,000 breaths and inhale ~2,000 gallons of air each day. This organ is the primary conduit for the transfer of oxygen to the internal organs, making it crucial for the sustainment of life. Consequently, mechanical malfunction of the lungs and/or pollution of inhaled air negatively impact internal organ function and ultimately put survival in jeopardy. Epigenetics, by nature, is a plastic phenomenon in which environmental stimuli influence short term, long term, and generational gene expression patterns. Chronic exposure of harmful stimuli to the lung epithelium has also been shown to alter epigenetic pathways, engender aberrant …
Extracellular Vesicles And Cancer Therapy: An Insight Into The Role Of Oxidative Stress,
2022
University of Kentucky
Extracellular Vesicles And Cancer Therapy: An Insight Into The Role Of Oxidative Stress, Jenni Ho
Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology
As a result of improvements in cancer detection and treatment methods, a growing population of cancer survivors are living with side effects associated with their cancer therapy. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development of cancer and as a mechanism for cancer therapy to exert its therapeutic effects, resulting in off-target tissue damage. Radiation has been long established as a means to utilize the generation of reactive oxygen species to kill cancer cells, and 50% of chemotherapy agents currently used are associated with inducing oxidative stress. One major side effect observed in cancer survivors is a decline in …
Overcoming Resistance To Sg-Aris In Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer,
2022
University of Kentucky
Overcoming Resistance To Sg-Aris In Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Chaohao Li
Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology
Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the most diagnosed type of cancer and the second leading cause of death in men. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays a pivotal function in promoting the survival and progression of PCa. Therefore, medication for PCa mainly focuses on the inhibition of AR pathway, which is termed androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, the disease eventually progresses and develops to a lethal stage called castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that is characterized by resistance to canonical ADT. To deal with this situation, several second-generation AR inhibitors (SG-ARIs) have been created that have better efficacy against AR, including Enzalutamide …
Tissue And Sex-Specific Rna Editing During Induced Acute Inflammation,
2022
Missouri State University
Tissue And Sex-Specific Rna Editing During Induced Acute Inflammation, Claire E. Nichols
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
A-to-I RNA editing is a process where select adenosine (A) nucleotides are deaminated by an editing enzyme, ADAR, to become inosines (I) in RNA transcripts. RNA editing can affect the sequence of the encoded protein and the regulation of the RNA. ADAR1 also plays a role in regulating innate immunity and its expression is upregulated during inflammation. Current data on the effects of increasing ADAR1 on RNA editing is limited, and most studies are completed only in male animals. We are interested in expanding RNA editing data to include female animals. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce acute inflammation and …
Elucidating The Role Of Hemodynamic Force In Regulating The Attachment Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (Vsmcs) To Maturing Vessels During Mouse Embryonic Development,
2022
Missouri State University
Elucidating The Role Of Hemodynamic Force In Regulating The Attachment Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (Vsmcs) To Maturing Vessels During Mouse Embryonic Development, Israt Jahan
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
Blood vessel maturation is characterized by the recruitment and attachment of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) around immature blood vessels, which ultimately form the tunica media. Improper maturation can lead to vascular birth defects ranging from minor birthmarks to lethal brain aneurysms. Previously, our lab demonstrated that hemodynamic force plays an important role to regulate vSMCs recruitment from neighboring low-flow to high-flow vessels followed by the attachment of these vSMCs to the high-flow vessels. To understand the reason for the preferred attachment of vSMCs to high-flow vessels, instead of low-flow vessels, I hypothesize that hemodynamic force modulates the expression of …
Identification Of A Novel Protein Interaction That Elucidates The Mechanism Of Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriages In Women With Nlrp2 Mutations,
2022
Missouri State University
Identification Of A Novel Protein Interaction That Elucidates The Mechanism Of Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriages In Women With Nlrp2 Mutations, Nayeon Son
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
The protein NOD-Like receptor pyrin domain containing 2 (NLRP2) is one member of a larger family of protein receptors that plays an important role in our innate immune system. In humans, the NLR family consists of 22 proteins. However, only about a half of NLRs’ functions are known, but many are pro-inflammatory, causing inflammation. NLRP2 has been identified to be a maternal effect gene regulating early embryo development in idiopathic recurrent miscarriages. In previous studies, mutations in the NLRP2 gene resulted in genetic maternal imprinting disorders due to NLRP2 regulating DNA methylation. However, the exact mechanisms involved in recurrent miscarriages …
Phip Variants Associated With Chung–Jansen Syndrome Disrupt Replication Fork Stability And Genome Integrity,
2022
University of South Florida
Phip Variants Associated With Chung–Jansen Syndrome Disrupt Replication Fork Stability And Genome Integrity, Neysha Tirado-Class, Caitlin Hathaway, Wendy K. Chung, Huzefa Dungrawala
Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications
Chung–Jansen syndrome (CJS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability/cognitive impairment, behavioral challenges, obesity, and dysmorphic features. CJS is associated with heterozygous variants in PHIP (Pleckstrin-Homology Interacting Protein), a gene that encodes one of several substrate receptors for Cullin4-RING (CRL4) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Full-length PHIP, also called DCAF14, was recently identified to function as a replication stress response protein. Herein, we report the identification of two PHIP missense variants identified by exome sequencing in unrelated individuals with CJS. The variants p.D488V and p.E963G occur in different functional elements of DCAF14-WD40 repeat domain and pleckstrin …
Sequence Properties Of An Intramolecular Interaction That Inhibits P53 Dna Binding,
2022
University of South Florida
Sequence Properties Of An Intramolecular Interaction That Inhibits P53 Dna Binding, Emily Gregory, Gary W. Daughdrill
Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications
An intramolecular interaction between the p53 transactivation and DNA binding domains inhibits DNA binding. To study this autoinhibition, we used a fragment of p53, referred to as ND WT, containing the N-terminal transactivation domains (TAD1 and TAD2), a proline rich region (PRR), and the DNA binding domain (DBD). We mutated acidic, nonpolar, and aromatic amino acids in TAD2 to disrupt the interaction with DBD and measured the effects on DNA binding affinity at different ionic strengths using fluorescence anisotropy. We observed a large increase in DNA binding affinity for the mutants consistent with reduced autoinhibition. The ΔΔG between DBD and …
Alternatively Spliced Csf3r In Human Health And Disease,
2022
Virginia Commonwealth University
Alternatively Spliced Csf3r In Human Health And Disease, Borwyn A. Wang
Theses and Dissertations
Elevated alternative colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) isoforms are observed in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and other myeloid neoplasms, but their role in driving disease progression has not been fully explained. In this study we report on the role of an MDS-associated splicing factor SRSF2 and its effects on the production of Class III and Class IV CSF3R isoforms and granulopoiesis. Class IV add-back in Csf3r-null mice showed impaired neutrophil differentiation with increased number of CFU-G, which largely consisted of metamyelocytes, while Class III showed greater dysgranulopoiesis accompanied by dysmorphic neutrophils. Alternative CSF3R isoforms were elevated in …
Identifying Adaptor Proteins For Selective Mrna Export In S. Cerevisiae,
2022
Belmont University
Identifying Adaptor Proteins For Selective Mrna Export In S. Cerevisiae, Chloe Baker, Rebecca Adams
Science University Research Symposium (SURS)
The export of mature mRNA from the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm is crucial for a cell’s survival, as this process is necessary to produce proteins encoded by these transcripts. In S. cerevisiae (yeast) cells, a protein known as Mex67 must bind to the mRNA while it’s in the nucleus so it can cross through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Mex67 cannot bind to the mRNA directly, instead it needs to be accompanied by adaptor proteins to aid it in getting across the NPC. Stress conditions such as heat shock interferes with the function of these adaptor …
