Animal Sciences Commons^™

Assessment Of Genome Integrity With Array Cgh Of Cattle Transgenic Cell Lines Produced By Homologous Recombination And Somatic Cell Cloning, G. E. Liu, Y. Hou, J. M. Robl, Y. Kuroiwa, Zhongde Wang

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Transgenic cattle carrying multiple genomic modifications have been produced by serial rounds of somatic cell chromatin transfer (cloning) of sequentially genetically targeted somatic cells. However, cloning efficiency tends to decline with the increase of rounds of cloning. It is possible that multiple rounds of cloning compromise the genome integrity or/and introduce epigenetic errors in the resulting cell lines, rendering a decline in cloning. To test these possibilities, we performed 9 high density array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) experiments to test the genome integrity in 3 independent bovine transgenic cell lineages generated from genetic modification and cloning. Our plan included the …

Temperature Increase Effects On Sagebrush Ecosystem Forbs: Exprimental Evidence And Range Manager Perspectives, Hilary Louise Whitcomb

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

No abstract provided.

Histological Examination Of Testicular Cell Development And Apoptosis In The Ostrich Chick, Wei Lan, Ke-Mei Peng, Huazhen Liu, Hui Song, Yang Wang, Li Tang

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to observe the microstructure and ultrastructure of the testis, demonstrate testicular cell development and apoptosis, and elucidate regularity of development and apoptosis in ostrich chick testes. By employing light microscopy 3 obvious development characteristics were detected with ostrich age increasing: first, many primordial germ cells and a few spermatogonia were found while seminiferous tubule integrity was not evident in testes of 1-day-old ostrich chicks nor were primordial germ cells. In the 30-day-old ostrich chicks spermatogonia were completely differentiated, but very few primary spermatocytes were observed in testes at 45 days of age. Second, the …

Association Between Polymorphisms Of Cyp19, Cyp21, And Er1 Genes And Milk Production Traits In Black-And-White Cattle, Magdalena Jedrzejczak, Wilhelm Grzesiak, Iwona Szatkowska, Andrzej Dybus, Magdalena Muszynska, Daniel Zaborski

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The relationships between the SNPs of the cytochrome P450 gene (CYP19/PvuII), steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) gene (CYP21/HpaII), 2 polymorphic sites of estrogen receptor alpha gene (ER1/BglI and ER1/SnaBI), and milk production traits of Black-and-White cattle were analyzed. A total of 472 cows were included in the study and genotyped using PCR-RFLP. The frequencies of alleles for the Black-and-White cows were as follows: 0.923 - CYP19A, 0.077 - CYP19B, 0.042 - ER1/BglIA, and 0.958 for ER1/BglIG. For ER1/SnaBI, the frequency of allele A was 0.960 and that of allele G was 0.040. In the CYP21, all cows were genotyped as AA (no …

The Effect Of Ovine Placenta Extract, On Mammogenesis, Lactogenesis And Galactopoiesis In Sheep, Gabriel Cotor, Aneta Pop, Marian Ghita

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ovine placenta extract, obtained by affinity chromatography on immobilized wheat germ lectin, on mammogenesis, lactogenesis, and galactopoiesis in pregnant and lactating sheep. Placental extract (100 \mug/mL protein concentration) was subcutaneously injected to pregnant sheep in days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 of the experiment (totally 10 mL placenta extract/animal) alternatively on the right and left side of the neck. Placental extract induced a more intense development of udder parameters; udder circumference increase was of 16.73%, anteroposterior length increase was of 15.9%, and latero-lateral length of 11.1%. Placental …

The Increase Of Cd4+Cd25+ T Cells In The Peripheral Blood Of Pigs Persistently Infected With Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Jingwen Zeng, Danting He, Xin Guo, Xinna Ge, Hanchun Yang

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Regulatory T lymphocytes (T-regs) may be involved in suppressing the host's immunity, which is important for viral clearance, and may therefore contribute to persistent viral infection. However, nothing is known regarding the situation of porcine T-regs during persistent infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). This study, which used flow cytometry and real-time PCR, determined that the frequencies of CD4+CD25+ T-cells and porcine Forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (FoxP3) mRNA levels in peripheral blood significantly increased during PRRSV persistence, indicating that CD4+CD25+ T-regs might play an important role in PRRSV persistent infection. This study contributes to a better understanding …

Comparison Of Placentome Diameters In Single And Twin-Pregnant Sheep By Ultrasonographic Method, Güven Kaşikçi, Özge Yilmaz, Mehmet Can Gündüz, İsmai̇l Kirşan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between fetal number and placentome diameters in pregnant sheep. In the present study 25 Kıvırcık mixed breed pregnant ewes were used. Pregnancy of the ewes was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography by the 25th day after insemination. A transabdominal probe (6.5 MHz) was used on the pregnant ewes at the 30th day. At this time the placentomes appeared as hypoechogenic areas with a "C"-like shape. Throughout the pregnancies 5 placentomes were measured from each ewe every week. The results showed no significant difference between placentome diameter size in single and twin-pregnant …

Preliminary Bacterial Study On Subclinical Mastitis And Teat Condition In Dairy Herds Around Shiraz, Masoud Haghkhah, Mohammad Rahim Ahmadi, Hamid Reza Gheisari, Ali Kadivar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Mastitis is a widely occurring and costly disease in the dairy industry. The aim of this study was to isolate bacterial causes of subclinical mastitis and investigate the relationship between subclinical mastitis and teat condition in dairy herds located around Shiraz, Fars province, Iran. From 7 commercial dairy herds around Shiraz 354 lactating cows were selected randomly. Subclinical mastitis was evaluated by the California Mastitis Test (CMT), electrical conductivity (EC), and somatic cell count (SCC). Teat condition was evaluated by measuring teat width and length. In the 68 samples of bacterial cultures identified, 14 different bacterial species were found. Staphylococcus …

The Effect Of Year And Season Of Birth, Sex, Sire, And Breeder On Ossification Of The Distal Epiphyseal Cartilage Of The Radial Bone In Thoroughbred Horses, Jaroslaw Luszczynski, Magdalena Pieszka

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of specific factors on ossification of the distal epiphyseal cartilage of the radial bone in Thoroughbred horses. The study was carried out on 452 Thoroughbred horses, two years old, that were under race training. X-ray tests were conducted and interpreted every month starting at the 18th month of life and continuing until ossification of the distal epiphyseal cartilage of the radial bone occurred. In the statistical model, the year of birth, sex, birth season, sire, and breeder were treated as constant effects. Horses that were born in the spring season …

Growth Characteristics In Lambs Of Estrus Synchronized Ewes In Grower Conditions, Murat Yilmaz, Tufan Altin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the growth characteristics of lambs of estrus-synchronized ewes in an extensive production system during 2 different periods. The animal material of this study was composed of 325 head Chios × Kıvırcık cross breeds. These lambs were provided by mating 124 Kıvırcık sheep on 2 farms with 8 Chios rams provided by the Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Sheep Research Unit. The estrus cycles of the ewes were synchronized with intra-vaginal progestagen sponges impregnated with 30 mg of cronolone. After 12-14 days the sponges were removed, the females received an intramuscular injection …

The Occipital Area In Medieval Dogs And The Role Of Occipital Dysplasia In Dog Breeding, Maciej Janeczek, Aleksander Chrószcz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An investigation was carried out on 42 dog skulls from the early medieval period. The skulls were excavated in Wroclaw, Poland, and in Novgorod and Moscow, Russia. Craniometric measurements were taken. On the basis of the basion-ethmoid measurement, the shoulder height was estimated. The foramen magnum height and width were measured and the foramen magnum index was calculated. The foramen magnum was typical in shape, and any occipital dysplasia signs observed were in the skulls. The results of the investigation, in comparison to other investigations of modern breeds and archaeozoological material, suggest that occipital dysplasia is not a pathology but …

Comparing Dry, Wet, Or Modified Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Feedlot Cattle Performance, Brandon L. Nuttelman, William A. Griffin, Joshua R. Benton Benton, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three types of distillers grains (DG): 1) wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS), 2) dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS), or 3) modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS), included at 3 levels: 20%, 30%, or 40% the diet DM, and a corn-based control compared the effect of drying distillers grains on feedlot performance. Type of DG had no effect on ADG (P = 0.30), but DMI increased for MDGS and DDGS compared to WDGS (P < 0.01). Therefore, F:G was improved for WDGS (P < 0.01) compared to MDGS and DDGS. Gain was greater and F:G was lower when DG were fed compared to the corn control. The feeding value of WDGS was 35.4% and 17.8% greater than DDGS and MDGS, respectively. The feeding value was 45.7%, 26.5%, and 9.3% more than corn for WDGS, MDGS, and DDGS, respectively.

Statistics Used In The Nebraska Beef Report And Their Purpose

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The purpose of beef cattle and beef product research at UNL is to provide reference information that represents the various populations (cows, calves, heifers, feeders, carcasses, retail products, etc.) of beef production. Obviously, researchers cannot apply treatments to every member of a population; therefore, they must sample the population. The use of statistics allows researchers and readers of the Nebraska Beef Report the opportunity to evaluate separation of random (chance) occurrences and real biological effects of a treatment. Following is a brief description of the major statistics used in the beef report. For a more detailed description of the expectations …

Supplementing Ddgs To Steers Grazing Smooth Bromegrass Pastures, Andrea K. Watson, William A. Griffin, Terry Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, Galen Erickson, Kelly R. Brink, Walter H. Schacht

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Five years of data were summarized to evaluate cattle and pasture performance when smooth bromegrass pastures were fertilized or cattle were supplemented daily with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on nonfertilized pastures. Cattle were supplemented at 0.6% of BW for an average of 158 days. Supplemented cattle gained 0.59 lb/day more than unsupplemented cattle. As forage quality declined over the grazing season, ADG also declined but the cattle’s response to DDGS supplementation increased. Each 1 lb of DDGS supplement replaced approximately 1 lb of forage intake. Pastures with supplemented cattle had increased forage production compared to control pastures but …

Lakes As Buffers Of Stream Dissolved Organic Matter (Dom) Variability: Temporal Patterns Of Dom Characteristics In Mountain Stream-Lake Systems, K. J. Goodman, Michelle A. Baker, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Lakes within fluvial networks may affect dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics in streams by dampening spring DOM snowmelt flushing responses and/or by increasing summer DOM production. We assessed the temporal variability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and DOM characteristics (specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254); DOC:dissolved organic nitrogen (DOC:DON)), as well as DOC export in seven paired lake inflows and outflows in the Sawtooth Mountain lake district, Idaho. We hypothesized that lakes would decrease stream DOM temporal variability and increase DOM export as a result of autotrophic production. We correlated DOM variability with landscape factors to evaluate potential drivers of DOM …

Use Of Dry-Rolled Corn, Dry Or Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles As An Energy Source In High Forage Diets For Growing Cattle, Nerissa A. Ahern, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Crystal D. Buckner Buckner, Terry Klopfenstein, Galen Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

One hundred twenty crossbred steers were used to determine the energy value of distillers grains relative to corn in high-forage diets. Diets included dry distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS), wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) or dry-rolled corn (DRC), with sorghum silage, grass hay, and supplement. Each block of steers, by design, had similar dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) across treatments. In this study, WDGS and DDGS contained 120% and 114%, respectively, the energy of DRC when fed in forage-based diets.

2011 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report [Complete]

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

mp94.indd

Cow/Calf

Winter Grazing System and Supplementation of Beef Cows During Late Gestation Influence Heifer Progeny

Influencing Steer Performance Through Maternal Nutrition

Integration of DNA Marker Information into Breeding Value Predictions

Granulosa Cell Gene Expression is Altered in Follicles from Cows with Differing Reproductive Longevity

Growing

Performance of Growing Cattle Fed Corn Silage or Grazing Corn Residue from Second Generation Insect-protected (MON 89034), Parental, or Reference Corn Hybrids

Nutrient Composition of Spoiled Wet Byproducts Mixed and Stored with Straw

Use of Dry Rolled Corn, Dry or Wet distillers Grains Plus Solubles as an Energy Source in High Forage Diets for …

Meta-Analysis Of Feeding Calf-Feds Or Yearlings Wet Distillers Grains With Different Corn Processing Types, Virgil R. Bremer, Kathryn J. Hanford, Galen Erickson Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Meta-analyses of University of Nebraska–Lincoln feedlot research feeding wet corn distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) with dry-rolled corn (DRC) and high moisture corn (HMC) to either calf-feds or yearlings was conducted to calculate the feeding values of WDGS relative to corn. The feeding valueof wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) was superior to dry-rolled corn (DRC) and high moisture corn (HMC). The feeding value of WDGS was greater for yearlings than for calf-feds. The combination of WDGS and HMC provided cattle performance superior to DRC with or without WDGS.

Economics For Feeding Distillers Grains To Finishing Cattle, Crystal D. Buckner, Terry Klopfenstein, Galen Erickson Erickson, Virgil R. Bremer, Darrell Mark

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cattle CODE, an economic budget model for predicting feeding returns for distillers grains, was updated and four new economic scenarios were evaluated. Feeding WDGS resulted in larger economic returns compared to MDGS and DDGS when the hauling distance from the ethanol plant to the feedlot was less than 60 miles and the dietary inclusion was up to 40% DM. However, these economic returns were dependent on the price paid for the products. If MDGS and DDGS were priced based on their drying costs, then economic returns decreased compared to WDGS.

Feeding Strategies Of Optaflexx On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Feedlot Steers, Marco G. Dib, William A. Griffin, Joshua R. Benton Benton, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, Justin J. Sindt, W. Travis Choat

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Live BW and carcass traits of steer calves were evaluated after feeding Optaflexx (200mg/day) for 35 days on an intermittent basis or continuously. The negative control consisted of 63 days on the same diet without Optaflexx, whereas the positive control consisted of Optaflexx supplemented daily during the last 35 days prior to harvest. The four-day intermittent treatment consisted of feeding Optaflexx for seven days, followed by four days of no Optaflexx, while the seven-day intermittent treatment consisted of seven days on Optaflexx, followed by seven days off. In both the four-day and seven-day intermittent treatments, cattle received Optaflexx for a …