Islet Adaptations In Fetal Sheep Persist Following Chronic Exposure To High Norepinephrine,
2017
Southwest University & University of Arizona
Islet Adaptations In Fetal Sheep Persist Following Chronic Exposure To High Norepinephrine, Xiaochaun Chen, Amy C. Kelly, Dustin T. Yates, Antoni R. Macko, Ronald M. Lynch, Sean W. Limesand
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Complications in pregnancy elevate fetal norepinephrine (NE) concentrations. Previous studies in NE-infused sheep fetuses revealed that sustained exposure to high NE resulted in lower expression of α2-adrenergic receptors in islets and increased insulin secretion responsiveness after acutely terminating the NE infusion. In this study, we determined if the compensatory increase in insulin secretion following chronic elevation of NE is independent of hyperglycemia in sheep fetuses and whether it is persistent in conjunction with islet desensitization to NE. Following an initial assessment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) at 129±1 days of gestation, fetuses were continuously infused for seven days with NE …
Gene Expression Profiling Of Bovine Ovarian Follicular And Luteal Cells Provides Insight Into Cellular Identities And Functions,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Gene Expression Profiling Of Bovine Ovarian Follicular And Luteal Cells Provides Insight Into Cellular Identities And Functions, Sarah Romereim, Adam F. Summers, William E. Pohlmeier, Pan Zhang, Xiaoying Hou, Heather A. Talbott, Robert A. Cushman, Jennifer R. Wood, John S. Davis, Andrea S. Cupp
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
After ovulation, somatic cells of the ovarian follicle (theca and granulosa cells) become the small and large luteal cells of the corpus luteum. Aside from known cell type-specific receptors and steroidogenic enzymes, little is known about the differences in the gene expression profiles of these four cell types. Analysis of the RNA present in each bovine cell type using Affymetrix microarrays yielded new cell-specific genetic markers, functional insight into the behavior of each cell type via Gene Ontology Annotations and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and evidence of small and large luteal cell lineages using Principle Component Analysis. Enriched expression of select …
Transcriptomes Of Bovine Ovarian Follicular And Luteal Cells,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Transcriptomes Of Bovine Ovarian Follicular And Luteal Cells, Sarah Romereim, Adam F. Huang, William E. Pohlmeier, Pan Zhang, Xiaoying Huo, Heather A. Talbott, Robert A. Cushman, Jennifer R. Wood, John S. Davis, Andrea S. Cupp
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Affymetrix Bovine GeneChipR 1.0 ST Array RNA expression analysis was performed on four somatic ovarian cell types: the granulosa cell (GCs) and theca cells (TCs) of the dominant follicle and the large luteal cells (LLCs) and small luteal cells (SLCs) of the corpus luteum. The normalized linear microarray data was deposited to the NCBI GEO repository (GSE83524). Subsequent ANOVA determined genes that were enriched genes that were enriched (>/= 2 fold more) or decreased (
Transcriptomic And Bioinformatics Analysis
Of The Early Time-Course Of The Response
To Prostaglandin F2 Alpha In The Bovine
Corpus Luteum,
2017
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Transcriptomic And Bioinformatics Analysis Of The Early Time-Course Of The Response To Prostaglandin F2 Alpha In The Bovine Corpus Luteum, Heather Talbott, Xiaoying Hou, Fang Qiu, Pan Zhang, Chittibabu Guda, Fang Yu, Robert A. Cushman, Jennifer R. Wood, Cheng Wang, Andrea S. Cupp, John S. Davis
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
RNA expression analysis was performed on the corpus luteum tissue at five time points after prostaglandin F2 alpha treatment of midcycle cows using an Affymetrix Bovine Gene v1 Array. The normalized linear microarray data was uploaded to the NCBI GEO repository (GSE94069). Subsequent statistical analysis determined differentially expressed transcripts ± 1.5-fold change from saline control with P ≤ 0.05. Gene ontology of differentially expressed transcripts was annotated by DAVID and Panther. Physiological characteristics of the study animals are presented in a figure. Bioinformatic analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was curated, compiled, and presented in tables. A dataset comparison with similar …
Relationship Between Dietary Total Digestible Nutrients And Digestible Organic Matter In Beef Cattle Finishing And Growing Diets With Or Without Distillers Grains,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Relationship Between Dietary Total Digestible Nutrients And Digestible Organic Matter In Beef Cattle Finishing And Growing Diets With Or Without Distillers Grains, Hannah C. Hamilton, Jana L. Gramkow, Jim C. Macdonald Donald, Galen E. Erickson, Andrea K. Watson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
The relationship between organic matter digestibility and total digestible nutrients is unestablished for diets containing distillers grains. Three cattle digestion studies were used to evaluate the relationship between total digestible nutrients and digestible organic matter. Results suggest digestible organic matter is consistent relative to total digestible nutrients content for traditional, corn based diets. In finishing and growing diets containing distillers grains additional digestible energy supplied by distillers grains is not accounted for when evaluating only digestible organic matter. Measuring digestible energy content of diets used in digestion trials is essential.
Evaluation Of The Value Of Fiber In Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Performance Of Finishing Cattle,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Evaluation Of The Value Of Fiber In Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Performance Of Finishing Cattle, Jordan E. Burhoop, Liesel J. Schneider, Curtis J. Bittner Bittner, F. Henry Hilscher, Jim C. Macdonald, Rodney A. Moxley, David R. Smith, Galen E. Erickson
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A finishing study was conducted to determine the value of the fiber in distillers grains plus solubles on cattle performance. Five treatments were evaluated: a corn control diet, 20 or 40% modified distillers grains plus solubles, plus two diets containing corn germ meal and corn bran balanced to equal the fiber content of the two modified distillers grains plus solubles diets. Th ere was a significant improvement in ADG and F:G for cattle fed modified distillers grains plus solubles compared to control. Cattle fed the corn germ meal and bran diets had increased DMI, slightly lower ADG, and poorer F:G …
The Effect Of Supplementing Mannan Oligosaccharide Or Finely Ground Fiber, During The Summer On Body Temperature, Performance, And Blood Metabolites Of Finishing Steers,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
The Effect Of Supplementing Mannan Oligosaccharide Or Finely Ground Fiber, During The Summer On Body Temperature, Performance, And Blood Metabolites Of Finishing Steers, Bradley M. Boyd, Terry L. Mader, Curtis J. Bittner Bittner, Henry Hilscher, Gene Wijffels, John B. Gaughan, Megan Sullivan, Judy Cawdell- Smith, Galen E. Erickson
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Crossbred beef steers (12 pens, n=96) were used to determine the effect of adding Agrimos or 5% ground (1 in.) wheat straw compared to a control on body temperature, panting score and performance. Th ere were no differences in final BW, ADG, and DMI among treatments. Feed conversion was increased for cattle fed 5% additional ground straw when compared to control and Agrimos. Hot carcass weight, dressing %, LM area, and marbling score were not different among treatments. Cattle fed the control had greater 12th rib fat depth and USDA yield grade than cattle fed straw or Agrimos. Both average …
Effect Of Salt Reduction On The Quality And Shelf Life Characteristics Of Deli-Style Roast Beef,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Effect Of Salt Reduction On The Quality And Shelf Life Characteristics Of Deli-Style Roast Beef, Chad G. Bower, Regan E. Stanley, Samodha Fernando Fernando, Gary A. Sullivan
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Concerns with excessive sodium intake have led to increased pressure on meat processors to reduce added salt in meat products. Quality characteristics and microbial growth were evaluated on deli- style roast beef slices formulated to contain varying concentrations of added salt. Salt concentration had no effect on microbial community composition, however increasing salt slowed microbial growth over time. Increasing salt increased cooking yield and decreased water activity. Salt reduction negatively impacts the texture, yield, and shelf life of deli- style roast beef, however salt concentrations within this range do not significantly alter spoilage flora community composition.
Effect Of Crude Glycerin Concentration On Growing Steer Performance In Forage Diets,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Effect Of Crude Glycerin Concentration On Growing Steer Performance In Forage Diets, Robert G. Bondurant, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, James C. Macdonald
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
The effect of increasing crude glycerin concentration was evaluated in a 91- d growing trial utilizing 60 steers. Crude glycerin was included at 0, 4, 8, and 12% of dietary DM in diets consisting of 50% wheat straw; 22.9- 37.0% wet corn bran, and 8.0- 10.1% soybean meal. Crude glycerin replaced wet corn bran and soybean meal was added to maintain dietary CP. Steer ending BW was not different among treatments. Th ere was a quadratic increase in DMI from 0 to 8% crude glycerin and subsequent decrease at 12%. Th ere was no difference in ADG or feed efficiency …
Development Of Terminal And Maternal Economic Selection Indices In Beefmaster Cattle,
2017
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Development Of Terminal And Maternal Economic Selection Indices In Beefmaster Cattle, Kathleen P. Ochsner, Michael D. Macneil, Ronald M. Lewis, Matthew L. Spangler
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Two economic selection indices were developed for Beefmaster cattle, one for a terminal objective and one for a maternal objective. The terminal index was developed assuming bulls would be mated to mature cows with all resulting progeny harvested. The maternal index was developed assuming bulls would be mated to a combination of heifers and mature cows, with resulting progeny retained as replacements or sold at weaning. Relative economic values for the terminal objective traits hot carcass weight, marbling score, ribeye area, 12th- rib fat and feed intake were 91.29, 17.01, 8.38,- 7.07 and- 29.66, respectively. Relative economic values for the …
Organic Acids And Applications Used For Reduction Of E. Coli On Beef Shoulder Clods Used For Ground Beef,
2017
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Organic Acids And Applications Used For Reduction Of E. Coli On Beef Shoulder Clods Used For Ground Beef, Kelly A. Mccarty, Gary A. Sullivan, Dennis E. Burson Burson
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Small processors normally grind beef shoulder clods for ground beef that have not been previously tested for shiga toxin-producing E. coli. Three antimicrobial solutions were applied using three application methods to beef sub-primals to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing E. coli and the effects on quality attributes. Antimicrobials effectively reduced Rifampicin resistant E. coli. However, none of the treatments changed color attributes or total plate counts compared to a control. These results suggest that an appropriate antimicrobial solution and application method can be selected for use by small meat processors without affecting quality attributes.
The Influence Of Diet And Oxidation On Calcium Retention Of The Mitochondria In Fresh Beef,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
The Influence Of Diet And Oxidation On Calcium Retention Of The Mitochondria In Fresh Beef, Emery K. Kunze, Nicolas J. Herrera, Katherine I. Domenech-Perez Perez, Michael D. Chao, Chris R. Calkins
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Feeding dried distillers grains (DG) may influence calcium flux postmortem by disrupting the stability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane, thus leading to a higher post- rigor calcium leakage, resulting in greater activation of calpains and improved tenderness. Mitochondria provide the opportunity to study calcium flux in a controlled, tightly defined environment as a model system for the SR. Cattle were finished on diets containing either 0% DG or 50% DG. Feeding DG increased proportions of PUFA in the SR and mitochondrial membrane. Oxidized mitochondria retained less calcium than non- oxidized mitochondria. Mitochondria from cattle finished on corn tended to …
Comparison Of Diets Collected From Esophageally Fistulated Cows To Forage Quality Estimated From Fecal Analysis,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Comparison Of Diets Collected From Esophageally Fistulated Cows To Forage Quality Estimated From Fecal Analysis, Bethany M. Johnston, Jay D. Jenkins, Jacqueline A. Musgrave Musgrave, L. A. Stalker, Mitchell B. Stephenson
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Differences in forage quality (crude protein and energy) were analyzed between esophageally fistulated diets, analysis of fecal samples with Nutrition Balance Analyzer (NUTBAL) analysis, and analysis of handclipped forage samples. On upland range sites, hand- clipped samples provided forage quality estimates that were closer to esophageally fistulated diets than samples analyzed with the NUTBAL analysis. Aft er one year of data collection, it appears that there may be some inconstancies with the NUTBAL analysis for estimates on rangeland forage quality in the Nebraska Sandhills. More data is needed to verify these results; however, making management supplementations decisions solely on the …
Summer Cocktail Forage Research In The Panhandle Of Nebraska,
2017
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Summer Cocktail Forage Research In The Panhandle Of Nebraska, Karla H. Jenkins, Cody Creech, Robert Higgins Higgins, Josh Buttle
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Four annual forage mixtures containing brown mid- rib sorghum sudangrass or German foxtail millet, cowpeas or soybeans, and forage collards were compared to the sorghum sudangrass or millet as monocultures in the Nebraska High Plains on dryland acres to determine the tonnage, crude protein, and digestibility available for beef cattle. Th e forage mixtures and the millet resulted in greater crude protein than the sorghum sudangrass. Total digestible nutrients of the mixers were similar. Sorghum sudangrass resulted in the most tonnage. These forage options could have been hayed or windrow grazed in the fall and would have likely resulted in …
Impact Of Inoculum Source For In Vitro And In Situ Digestion Procedures Performed On Corn Residue And Grass Samples,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Impact Of Inoculum Source For In Vitro And In Situ Digestion Procedures Performed On Corn Residue And Grass Samples, Hannah C. Hamilton, Jana L. Harding, Jim C. Macdonald Donald, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A study was conducted to assess the effects of inoculum source at time of incubation on neutral detergent fiber digestibility, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility of corn residue samples. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was greater for both grass and corn residue when inoculum source came from steers consuming a high corn residue diet. Digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were not different between grass and corn residue. It is not necessary to maintain two sets of donors for in vitro or in situ procedures involving corn residue. However, donor diet affects neutral detergent fiber digestibility estimates …
Evaluation Of Plant- Waxes To Estimate Forage Intake In Grazing Cattle,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Evaluation Of Plant- Waxes To Estimate Forage Intake In Grazing Cattle, Hannah C. Hamilton, Jerry D. Volesky, Robert M. Lewis Lewis
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Although key to the efficiency of a cattle operation, feed intake is challenging to evaluate in a grazing setting. However, even within forage- based systems, plant- wax markers may be used to predict dietary choices and feed intake. Plant- waxes are a complex mixture of lipids found on the surface of plants. When sufficiently unique among plants, the composition of diets can be determined from the pattern of these compounds in the forages ingested. These markers were used to delineate the parts of the corn plant and, separately, 8 western rangeland grasses and legumes. Using plant waxes, the components of …
Evaluating The Impacts Of Field Peas In Growing And Finishing Diets On Performance And Carcass Characteristics,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Evaluating The Impacts Of Field Peas In Growing And Finishing Diets On Performance And Carcass Characteristics, Hannah L. Greenwell, Karla Jenkins, Jim C. Macdonald Donald, Matt K. Luebbe
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
The impact of field peas as a grazing supplement and a component of finishing diets on performance and carcass characteristics was evaluated over two years. During grazing, cattle supplemented with field peas had a greater ending body weight and average daily gain than cattle that received no supplement. However, cattle supplemented with corn had greater average daily gain than both peas and control cattle. Overall, those cattle not supplemented during grazing compensated 53% and 88% when compared to those cattle supplemented corn and peas, respectively. Inclusion of field peas in grower supplement or finishing diets may be advantageous if appropriately …
Effects Of Field Pea Supplementation On Digestibility And Rumen Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration Of Diets Containing High And Low Quality Forages,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Effects Of Field Pea Supplementation On Digestibility And Rumen Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration Of Diets Containing High And Low Quality Forages, Hannah L. Greenwell, Jana L. Gramkow, Melissa L. Jolly-Breithaupt Breithaupt, Jim C. Macdonald, Karla Jenkins
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Five ruminally cannulated steers were used to evaluate the effects of supplementation (no supplement, field peas, or dry rolled corn; 0.43% BW) with high and low quality forages on diet digestibility and rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations. Th e inclusion of field peas increased dry matter intake and organic matter digestibility over dry rolled corn and unsupplemented steers. Propionate proportions were less for field peas and control treatments than dry rolled corn, while acetate proportions increased in field peas, and control treatments as compared to dry rolled corn. As a result, acetate to propionate ratio was reduced when dry rolled …
Effects Of Wintering System On Cow And Calf Performance In A Summer- Calving Intensive Production System,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Effects Of Wintering System On Cow And Calf Performance In A Summer- Calving Intensive Production System, Shelby E. Gardine, Jason M. Warner, Curtis J. Bittner Bittner, Robert G. Bondurant, Karla Jenkins, Richard J. Rasby, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A study evaluated the effects of two wintering systems (cornstalk grazing and drylot feeding) on cow- calf performance in a summer- calving intensively managed cowherd at two locations. Grazing cow- calf pairs on cornstalks resulted in lower ending BW of cows and reduced ADG of calves when compared to drylot cow- calf pairs at weaning. A partial budget of incorporating winter cornstalk grazing into an intensive production system suggests that cows wintered on cornstalks were $136.85 more profitable when compared to cows wintered in the drylot.
Effects Of Modified Distillers Grains And Corn Ratios As Supplements In Diets Varying In Forage Quality On Performance Of Growing Beef Steers,
2017
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Effects Of Modified Distillers Grains And Corn Ratios As Supplements In Diets Varying In Forage Quality On Performance Of Growing Beef Steers, Viviane B. Ferrari, Robert G. Bondurant, Galen E. Erickson Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jim C. Macdonald
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Distillers grains (DG) have been intensively used for beef production, but prices relative to corn vary such that it may be beneficial to displace a portion of DG with corn in certain circumstances. Four ratios of supplemental energy (40% of diet DM) from modified distillers grains and corn (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, and 40:60) were supplemented in one of 3 forage diets (56% of diet DM) and evaluated for performance. Forages were high (brome hay + sorghum silage) or low quality. Low quality forages were corn residue baled through conventional rake and bale, or by disengaging the spreader on the combine …
