Demography, Population, and Ecology Commons^™

Technical Assistance To The Institute Of Reproductive Health, Georgetown University In Researching Introduction Strategies For The Standard Days Contraceptive Method (Sdm), Saumya Ramarao, James R. Foreit

Reproductive Health

The Institute of Reproductive Health (IRH), Georgetown University tested the impact of introducing the standard days contraceptive method (SDM) with the technical assistance (TA) of Population Council staff. FRONTIERS technical assistance had the immediate effect of allowing IRH to carry out evaluations of the SDM in Asia and Latin America. The IRH studies also produced important lessons learned on strategies for the introduction of natural methods. IRH staff responsible for the India and Ecuador projects learned specific skills in cost-analysis and research instrument design.

Effect Of Introducing An 'Afternoon Pay Clinic' On Service Utilization And Cost Recovery (Nepal), Mahendra Pd. Shrestha, Rajesh Swar, Pradeep Panda, M.E. Khan, Rick Homan

Reproductive Health

An operations research study was initiated with financial and technical assistance from the FRONTIERS program to examine whether introducing an afternoon clinic at the Chhetrapati Family Welfare Center (CFWC) in Nepal with a substantially higher registration fee could improve cost recovery by adding more to program revenues than to program costs. The study showed, however, that premium pricing of afternoon services generated very little additional demand for services. Even with a premium price, the afternoon clinic could reach its cost recovery goal only if the volume of afternoon clients were to increase significantly. However, client perceptions about the ability of …

Assessing The Feasibility, Acceptability And Cost Of Introducing Postabortion Care In Health Centres And Dispensaries In Rural Tanzania, Monica Wanjiru, Ian Askew, Nzoya Munguti, Saumya Ramarao, Rick Homan, Reheme Kahando, John M. Pile

Reproductive Health

The EngenderHealth ACQUIRE Project has been supporting the Tanzanian Ministry of Health (MOH) since early 2005 to decentralize the management of postabortion care (PAC) services to primary healthcare facilities (health centers and dispensaries), with the intention of bringing services closer to women who are unable to access them at district hospitals. Findings from this study were provided to the MOH and ACQUIRE to address issues arising from introduction of the intervention; and in September 2006, to assess the feasibility, cost, and effectiveness of the intervention. Findings show that the intervention appears to have broadened service providers’ range of clinical skills …

Addressing The Needs Of Seasonal Migrants In Nashik, Maharashtra, Anjali B. Borhade

Reproductive Health

In order to identify the opportunities and options available to address the vulnerabilities of and socioeconomic needs of seasonal migrants, an intervention project was launched by the Disha Foundation, a nongovernmental organization in Nashik city, Maharashtra, India. This report intends to use the project experience as a case study to provide a blueprint for interventions for seasonal migrants to access a range of basic services in areas of destination and to exercise their rights to access available services. The report documents the array of strategies used to enable seasonal migrants to recognize their entitlement and to access available public sector …

Informed Consent In Sterilisation Services: Evidence From Public And Private Health Care Institutions In Chennai, Raja Lakshmi

Reproductive Health

The objective of this paper is to explore the experiences of women undergoing a particular form of fertility regulation, namely sterilization or tubal ligation, in a variety of facilities in Chennai, India. The paper examines specifically the nature of information provided to clients, the consent-taking process, the nature of its documentation, and the extent to which clients made an informed choice. The findings underscore that although all the women respondents did wish to practice a method of contraception, and did want to adopt sterilization, several limitations were noted in the process of providing informed consent: inadequate information was provided to …

Young People's Sexual And Reproductive Health In India: Policies, Programmes And Realities, K.G. Santhya, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy

Reproductive Health

This paper presents an overview of key policies and government programmes intended to reduce HIV vulnerability and improve sexual and reproductive health among young people in India, and identifies the extent to which these policies and programmes have addressed the gamut of unique sexual and reproductive needs of young women and men. It also explores the extent to which programmes have been adapted to accommodate state-level differences in the sexual and reproductive vulnerability of youth; the review takes the examples of two states, namely, Andhra Pradesh, characterised by both early marriage and high HIV prevalence, and Madhya Pradesh, characterised by …

Health Systems And Maternal Mortality, Neonatal Mortality And Child Health: Review Of Selected Service Delivery Models, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob

Reproductive Health

Effective maternal and child health services at the community level in developing countries are rarely available. In many developing countries the health systems cannot provide quality maternal and child health care services due to lack of adequate human resources; shortages of equipment, drugs, and supplies; and absence of proper referral mechanisms. Strengthening health systems is central to improving maternal and child health. A variety of targeted interventions have been implemented in the health systems of developing countries. This study was conducted to identify the health service delivery models that have contributed to the reduction of maternal, infant, and child mortality …

Kenya: Begin Community Dialogue On Fgm/C By Discussing Cultural Justification, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

Female genital cutting is strongly supported among the Somali ethnic community in Kenya, and the severest form (infibulation) is primarily practiced. This type of cut is associated with increased incidence and seriousness of obstetric and gynecological problems relative to uncut women and those with less severe forms of FGM/C. As stated in this brief, efforts to encourage abandonment should begin with community discussion about the socio-cultural reasons for cutting. Simultaneously, health-care providers need training in how to manage complications of FGM/C. In 2004, FRONTIERS collaborated with UNICEF on a four-month diagnostic study on FGM/C practices among the Somali community in …

Senegal: Mainstreaming Adolescent Health: Building On Local Support Systems, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

In 1999, FRONTIERS began a three-year collaboration with the World Health Organization, the Center for Research and Training, the Population Training Group, and the Ministries of Health, Education, and Youth to test the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost of school-, clinic-, and community-based interventions to improve the reproductive health of youth aged 10–19. This adolescent reproductive health (ARH) study showed that the multisectoral, multidisciplinary approach increased knowledge about youth reproductive health among young people, the community, schools, and health-care providers. As noted in this brief, one of the guiding principles of the ARH study was to build sustainability through existing institutions, …

Homeownership Rates Among New York City’S Racial/Ethnic Groups And Latino Nationalities In 2000, Laura Limonic

Center for Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies

Introduction: This report examines rates of homeownership among ethnic/racial groups in New York City. The data are broken down by four primary ethnic/racial groups: White, African Americans, Asians, and Latinos. Also examined are homeownership rates within the Latino group by nationality for the nine largest populations among the Latino population in New York City. Methods: Data on Latinos and other racial/ethnic groups were obtained from the 2000 Report of the U.S. Census Bureau, Summary File #4 – HCT4. Cases in the dataset were weighted and analyzed to produce population estimates.

Results: In 2000, the average rate of homeownership in New …

Hong Kong Happiness Index 2007 香港快樂指數 2007, Lok Sang Ho

Hong Kong Happiness Index 香港快樂指數調查

A survey on Hong Kong Happiness Index conducted by Lingnan University's Centre for Public Studies (CPPS) shows that Hong Kong people in 2007 are less happy than they were in 2006.

The survey has recorded a 4.8% decrease in the overall happiness index from 70.6 in 2006 to 67.2 in 2007. The declining happiness index goes against the general expectation that happiness index will increase under ongoing economic recovery.

The Perfect Storm: Catastrophic Collapse In The 21st Century, Glen Kuecker

History Faculty publications

This paper utilizes complex systems theory to argue that we are currently living in catastrophic collapse of the global system. It focuses on topics like climate chance, ecological destruction, pandemics, fuel shortages, warfare, and global hunger to illustrate the interconnections between multiple points of failure within the global system. The argument maintains that sustainability perspectives miss the fundamental reality of the global crisis.

Powerless Or Perilous? : Ageing Women As An Emerging Social Force In Hong Kong, Kit Ling Luk

Lingnan Theses

Ageing women have so often been represented in government policy rhetoric, gerontology literatures and journalistic discourse as the genderless, powerless and passive objects of welfare and services;, by and large, as a social problem that needs to be monitored and managed. Taking a cultural research approach, this thesis explores ageing women’s actual practices in Hong Kong social movements and aims to rerepresent ageing women as active social agents capable of generating multiple “tactical identities” enabling them to participate in and interact with an environment that poses concrete challenges to their participation.

In filling the gap between research on social movements …

Bachelors Degree Or Higher, Grand Rapids, Mi 2000, Community Research Institute-Johnson Center

Community-Level Maps and Fact-Sheets

No abstract provided.

‘Like A Parrot Screaming In Its Cage’ Activism And Empowerment In Nepal’S Bhutanese Refugee Community, Elena Phoutrides

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This paper will look at empowerment in the Bhutanese refugee community from a number of angles. First of all, it will examine issues of representation. Refugees are often represented to media sources and agencies by Bhutanese political leaders who do not always represent the variety of needs and views present in the 100,000-person plus refugee community. Second, this paper will discuss camp management and the ways in which participation is encouraged and discouraged by agencies involved in providing for refugees. The refugee community is far from silent on issues of participation and representation; thus this paper will look at several …

“I Don’T Hate Them, They Hate Me”— A Study On The Perceptions Of Homeless People In Melbourne And The Implications Those Perceptions Have, Devin Arthur

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This project examines the general public’s perception of homeless people and what impact (if any) those perceptions have on the policies or services available to homeless people. The project also examines what affect (if any) gender, age, level of formal education, annual household income and/or suburb may have on the public’s various attitudes. The project’s focus is on the perceptions towards and from homeless people, the definition of homelessness, and the policies affecting homelessness. The project’s data was collected from the central business district of Melbourne in addition to two inner suburbs, Toorak and Footscray. Much of the qualitative information …

Latino Political Participation In Nebraska: The Challenge Of Enhancing Voter Mobilization And Representation - Ollas Report No. 3, Jonathan Benjamin-Alvarado

Latino/Latin American Studies Reports

This OLLAS policy brief seeks to enhance basic information regarding the role Latinos will play in shaping the future of politics in Nebraska in the short and medium term. Because issues such as immigration policy, fair housing, labor practices, and public education have risen to the top of the political agenda nationally and statewide, and because these issues most directly impact the lives of Nebraska’s growing Latino constituencies legitimately, we must consider to what extent Latino stakeholders can shape the debate and articulate acceptable policy responses to these matters.

How effectively these issues are dealt with will have major implications …

I Have Shoes Older Than You: Generational Diversity In The Library, Jason Martin

The Southeastern Librarian

Generational Conflict is not a new phenomenon. Wherever and whenever different generations interacted, generational conflict existed. The Puritans of New England found each new generation to be less pious and devoted to the concept of the “City on a Hill” than its predecessors. The Flappers of the Jazz Age were considered morally lax and without direction. And the gap that existed between the Flower Children of the 1960’s and their parents was as large as the Grand Canyon. Even the great Socrates met his untimely end inciting the Grecian youth to rebel against their elders. However, today’s generations face some …

The Changing Spatial Concentration Of America’S Rural Poor Population, Kenneth M. Johnson, Daniel T. Lichter

Sociology

This paper documents changing patterns of concentrated poverty in nonmetro areas. Data from the 1970 through 2000 U.S. Census Summary Files reveal the changing shares of poor people and children living in rural counties with disproportionately poor populations. Nonmetro poverty rates – both overall and for children – declined more rapidly than metro rates in the 1990s. The 1990s also brought large reductions in the number of high-poverty nonmetro counties, and declines in the share of rural people, including rural poor people, who were living in them. In particular, the number and percentage of rural people living in extremely poor …

Use Of Section 5310 Transportation Resources In Urban And Rural America: A Baseline Assessment, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute

Independent Living and Community Participation

Consistently, people with disabilities living in rural areas and those who serve them report the lack of transportation as a primary concern (Jackson, Seekins, & Offner, 1992; National Council on Disability, 2005). Section 5310 of the Federal Transit Act (49 USC 5310) authorizes a program of capital assistance to help local organizations acquire vehicles to transport elderly individuals and people with disabilities when other public transportation is unavailable or insufficient. To effectively maximize the availability and use of transportation resources, rural disability advocates and transportation planners need data on rural and urban distribution and use of Section 5310 funds (e.g., …

An Agent-Based Model Of Crisis-Driven Ethnic Migration, Michael Makowsky, Tamas Makany, Patrick Meier, Jorge Tavares

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The literature on ethnic migration suggests that natural disasters, armed conflict, economics and cultural networks are key drivers of migration. The dearth of georeferenced ethnic data, however, limits the value of econometric analysis. We build an agent-based model to simulate crisis-driven migration. Agents within a multi-ethnic population monitor their spatial environments to formulate perceptions of the risk of being persecuted. The expected utility of staying within a given neighborhood is inversely related to the perceived probability of persecution. Cultural networks temper an agent's security calculus, with strong social ties dampening the human security dilemma. Agents express preferences regarding the different …

「長青傳動力」 : 活動計劃成效評估調查, 長青傳動力計劃統籌委員會, Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University 嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心, Cheung Ming, Alfred Chan, Yuk Yin Fung

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

德勤會計師行、中華電力、基督教香港信義會及救世軍自2003年在全港5個地區推行試驗性質的跨代服務「長青傳動力」，效果良好；自2004年即將服務地區增至12區，參與的服務團體亦增至4間。至2005年，長青傳動力委員會繼續邀請香港明愛、基督教香港信義會以及救世軍合辦「長青傳動力」活動計劃，期望長者能透過參與義工服務繼續貢獻社會，肯定自我的價値；同時，亦期望創造出一個供長者和青少年溝通的平台，讓雙方互相了解，促進長青共融。爲了更有系統地總結過去3年經驗，並規劃日後計劃發展，委員會今年邀請了嶺南大學亞太老年學硏究中心作服務成效評估，以作回顧前瞻之參考。

爲評估「長青計劃」的成效，本中心推行了一項調查硏究，並因應活動目標及各區同工所提供的量度指標，來探討參加者在以下數方面的轉變：（一）對義務工作的參與、（二）自尊心、（三）長青雙方的互相觀感及（四）社會支援網絡。

Rural Independent Living And Physical Therapy: Exploring Collaborations, Craig Ravesloot Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute

Independent Living and Community Participation

Traditional rehabilitation services are often assumed to be incompatible with independent living (IL) philosophy, but perhaps rural individuals with disabilities might benefit from a collaboration between Centers for independent living (CILs) and rehabilitation services providers. IL philosophy emphasizes improving opportunities for community participation by people with disabilities.1,2 Ecological models of disability emphasize that community participation results when the environment interacts with a person’s capacity to access that environment.3 Participation may increase if environmental accessibility improves, and/or if the individual’s capacity increases. For people with mobility impairments, technology (e.g. wheelchairs) frequently improves individual capacity. Less frequently, changes in a person’s health …

Boston, Mandira Kala, Charles Jones

Gastón Institute Publications

This fact sheet presents various economic, social, and demographic indicators pertaining to the Latino population in the Boston Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA) and, when required, compares the Boston PMSA with the state of Massachusetts overall and with the other main areas of large Latino concentration, namely, the Lawrence and Worcester PMSAs and the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).1 In this fact sheet the term “Boston” refers to the complete PMSA and not just the city of Boston. The information for this fact sheet comes from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey of 2004.

Springfield, Mandira Kala, Charles Jones

Gastón Institute Publications

This fact sheet presents various economic, social, and demographic indicators pertaining to the Latino population in the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and, when required, compares the Springfield MSA with the state of Massachusetts overall and with the other main areas of large Latino concentration, namely, the Boston, Lawrence, and Worcester Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs). In this fact sheet the term “Springfield” refers to the complete MSA and not just the city of Springfield. The information for this fact sheet comes from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey of 2004.

Latinos In Massachusetts: A Mid-Decade Status Report, Jennifer Shea, Charles Jones

Gastón Institute Publications

This research report provides an updated socioeconomic profile of Latinos in Massachusetts. Using data from the 2000 Census, the 2004 American Community Survey, and the 2002 Economic Census and Survey of Business Owners, it provides a comprehensive, comparative overview of a variety of statistical indicators – including population, national origin, age, gender, education, employment, poverty, income, and household composition. This information should prove useful to a range of individuals and organizations concerned with issues that impact the Latino community: policy-makers, advocates, community-based organizations, businesses, and the media. The report focuses primarily on Latinos as a group in Massachusetts, though where …

Worcester, Mandira Kala, Charles Jones

Gastón Institute Publications

This fact sheet presents various economic, social, and demographic indicators pertaining to the Latino population in the Worcester Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA) and, when required, compares the Worcester PMSA with the state of Massachusetts overall and with the other main areas of large Latino concentration, namely, the Boston and Lawrence PMSAs and the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). In this fact sheet the term “Worcester” refers to the complete PMSA and not just the city of Worcester. The information for this fact sheet comes from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey of 2004.

Lawrence, Mandira Kala, Charles Jones

Gastón Institute Publications

This fact sheet presents various economic, social, and demographic indicators pertaining to the Latino population in the Lawrence Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA) and, when required, compares the Lawrence PMSA with the state of Massachusetts overall and with the other main areas of large Latino concentration, namely, the Boston and Worcester PMSAs and the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). In this fact sheet the term “Lawrence” refers to the complete PMSA and not just the city of Lawrence. The information for this fact sheet comes from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey of 2004.

Latinos In Massachusetts: Selected Economic Indicators, Ramon Borges-Mendez, Nicole Lavan, Charles Jones

Gastón Institute Publications

This brief presents an analysis of various economic indicators pertaining to the Latino population in metropolitan areas of high Latino concentration in Massachusetts. It includes information on and comparisons of the Primary Metropolitan Areas of Boston and the Metropolitan Statistical Area of Springfield and when available the Primary Metropolitan Area of Lawrence. The information comes from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey of 2004.

Population Density In 2000, Kent County, Community Research Institute-Johnson Center

Community-Level Maps and Fact-Sheets

No abstract provided.