Demography, Population, and Ecology | Open Access Articles

Do College Students Support Multiculturalism And What's Behind Their Attitudes: Demographic, Ideology, Contact, Race Perceptions Or University Factors?, Hideko Asada

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Education and Behavioral Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Sociology by Hideko Asada on December 7, 1998.

Go to article

A Sociological Perspective Of The Mobile Home In Appalachian Eastern Kentucky, Travis Lance George

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Education and Behavioral Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Sociology by Travis Lance George on December 2, 1998.

Go to article

Latinos In Massachusetts: An Update, Andrés Torres, Lisa Chavez

Gastón Institute Publications

This research report updates the socioeconomic picture of Latinos in Massachusetts. According to estimates contained in this report, the Latino population in Massachusetts experienced vigorous growth during the first half of the 1990s. Not since the 1990 census has there been a broad profile of this rapidly growing segment of the state’s population. This information should assist the general public in understanding some of the basic issues affecting the Hispanic community. It should also be useful to the many individuals and organizations who are concerned about the future of this community and responsible for informed decision-making: elected officials, policy makers, …

Go to article

An Economic/Demographic Comparison Of Air Force And Other Service Families, John C. Glover

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research is to compare economic, attitudinal and demographic variables for families in all branches of service to see in which areas the Air Force is ranked/rated higher and lower than other services. Analysis is broken out by officers and enlisted personnel in all main branches of service (Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marines). Two testing methods are employed to determine if there is a difference between the services: Tukey's multiple comparison procedure, and pair-wise comparisons of proportions for the different services. Results indicate that Air Force officers rate the Air Force higher for lower number of …

Go to article

Age And Violent Sexual Abuse: Does Victim's Age And Violence Associated With Sexual Abuse Influence The Risk Of Suicide?, Debra A. Keel

Graduate Theses

Previous research on childhood sexual abuse has indicated an increased risk of suicide for children who experience more severe sexual abuse and children who experience sexual abuse accompanied by physical abuse. This study investigated the difference in suicide risk associated with varying severity of sexual abuse, and the difference in suicide risk associated with age at the time of sexual abuse. Data was collected from the psychological records of a state juvenile correctional facility for boys. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between those who experienced penetrating sexual abuse versus non-penetrating sexual abuse; however, an overall significant difference was found …

Go to article

Modernization And Migration In Indonesia, I Wayan Mastriyana

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This research is a step toward understanding the nature of the relationship between population movement and the level of modernization in Indonesia as that country continues with its development program all across the provinces. From the Intercensal Population Survey 1995, migration and seven modernization indicators of the 27 provinces were explored. The results of the findings indicated there was a correlation between modernization and migration although the outcomes vary from one variable to another. In combining those seven variables to one modernization variable, the relationship was weak but positive. The study shows the uniqueness of Indonesian migration because it is …

Go to article

The Coming Age Of Scarcity : Preventing Mass Death And Genocide In The Twenty-First Century, Michael N. Dobkowski, Isidor Wallimann

Books

The structure of the book is simple. The first part analyzes major forces having an impact on the survivability of civilization as we know it into the twenty-first century. It outlines the challenges we face, including overpopulation, pressure upon the land, migration, ecological damage, and social instability. In part two, we present more detailed discussion of the problem of scarcity and how it relates to conflict. The authors in this section argue that the current level of human activity is unsustainable. They demonstrate that population growth in particular affects the natural world and can affect the social order and international …

Go to article

Community-Based Aids Prevention And Care In Africa: Results Of Four Action-Research Interventions In East And Southern Africa, Ann Leonard, Esther Muia

HIV and AIDS

The Community Counseling Aides (CCA) project operating with support from the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) in Uganda, is a government initiative being carried out in collaboration with local communities. As the Ministry of Health seeks to develop local capacity to support and operate these efforts at the community level, it has identified the need to improve the skills of local project staff so that they may begin to assume the responsibility for monitoring and evaluating their own program performance. This is part of an overall strategy on the part of the Ugandan Government to decentralize control and allocation of …

Go to article

National Identity, Nationalism, And The Organization Of The European Union, Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Based on in-depth interviews and document analysis, this article examines the relationships between cultural identification and the process of European integration. It shows that French and Spanish people's cultural attachments to Europe as a common social organization is still very limited and reflects a concern for the defense of a national identity. This research contributes to our understanding of the European integration and to the theory of cultural identity by suggesting a dynamic paradigm that articulates the constitution of a formal organization with the process of cultural identity formation.

Go to article

Rural Transportation, Diana Spas, Tom Seekins, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Independent Living and Community Participation

Who Needs Rural Public Transportation? Of the 91 million people living in areas eligible for Section 5311 non-urbanized transportation services, more than a third were classified as transportation dependent because they had no personal transportation.

Go to article

Manuel De Recherche Opérationnelle En Matière De Planification Familiale, Andrew A. Fisher, John E. Laing, John E. Stoeckel, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

Le Manuel de recherche opérationnelle en matière de planification familiale, publié pour la première fois en anglais par le Population Council en 1984, se basait sur des projets de recherche en Asie. Cette seconde édition contient des sections révisées et développées. Le cas échéant, des exemples d'Amérique latine et d'Afrique ont été ajoutés. Le chapitre d'introduction comprend une exposé actualisé sur le processus de la recherche opérationnelle (RO) en matière de santé et planification familiale. De nouveaux chapitres concernent le choix du type d’intervention à tester dans une étude RO ainsi que les principaux éléments constituant un programme d'intervention. Le …

Go to article

Integrating Sti/Hiv Services Into Existing Mch/Fp Programs, Baker Ndugga, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

The presence of certain STIs increases the risk of the sexual transmission of HIV. Thus, controlling STIs can reduce the incidence of HIV. Almost all women in the East and Southern African regions attend MCH/FP clinics regularly, and recent surveys have shown that the prevalence levels of many STIs, including HIV, can be high for women seeking FP and antenatal services, even though they are frequently asymptomatic. MCH/FP services are provided by medically trained staff with many of the same skills needed for managing STIs. Consequently, several MCH/FP programs have started looking for ways to integrate STI management strategies, such …

Go to article

Reproductive Health Operations Research, 1995–1998, James R. Foreit, Federico R. Leon, Ricardo Vernon, Timothy D.N. King, Deborah L. Billings, A.B Friedman, Janie Benson

Reproductive Health

This book presents in-depth reports on promising new interventions that have been developed and important programmatic changes that have been achieved by operations research in Latin America between 1995 and 1998. The INOPAL III project has made advances in five areas including access and quality of services, integration of family planning and other reproductive health services, financial sustainability, post-abortion care, and emergency contraception. Each of these topics are represented by at least three studies conducted in two or more countries. The operations research projects discussed under each topic are not replications of a single study. They use different research designs …

Go to article

Emergency Contraception In Zambia: Setting A New Agenda For Research And Action, Yusuf Ahmed, M. Ketata, John P. Skibiak

Reproductive Health

This report summarizes the activities and findings of the first phase of the operations research study, “Enhancing Access to Family Planning Services through the Introduction of Emergency Contraception.” Launched in September 1997, the study was designed to explore a broad range of issues relating to emergency contraception within a developing country context. With financial and technical support from the United States Agency for International Development, the World Health Organization, the Canadian Public Health Association, and the British Department for International Development (DFID), the study consists of an initial exploratory exercise and a subsequent research phase. The report is divided into …

Go to article

Youth Centres In Ghana: Assessment Of The Planned Parenthood Association Of Ghana Programme, Evam Kofi Glover, Annabel Erulkar, Joana Nerquaye-Tetteh

Reproductive Health

The sexual and reproductive health of adolescents has become a major public concern, particularly with the advent of HIV/AIDS. Many organizations have tried to find strategies to reach youth with reproductive health (RH) information and services through various service delivery models. One such model has been the multipurpose youth center approach. Multipurpose youth centers typically include recreational or vocational services as entry points for RH and family planning (FP) information and services. There is some evidence in a variety of African settings (notably Kenya and Zimbabwe) suggesting that these centers are underutilized and not cost-effective. As a result, the Planned …

Go to article

Peru Logistics Chain Analysis, Jeanne Noble, James R. Foreit

Reproductive Health

The inventory module of situation analysis, developed by the Population Council, has been adapted to help generate indicators of logistics system functioning suggested by the Evaluation Project and to provide an analytical framework that permits more accurate estimations of the frequency, location, and patterns of logistics problems. In 1996, the module was implemented in southern Peru. In 1997, the same module was implemented in the province of Santa and two provinces of Huancavelica. Comparable information was obtained from 149 service delivery points (SDPs) in four departments. Data include inventories of contraceptive supplies and materials required for safe delivery of contraception; …

Go to article

An Assessment Of The Zimbabwe Family Planning Programme: Results From The 1996 Situation Analysis Study, Lewis Ndhlovu, Hazel M.B. Dube, Caroline S. Marangwanda

Reproductive Health

Within the past ten years, the Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council (ZNFPC) has conducted two major studies for assessing the availability and quality of reproductive health services. The two studies, generally referred to as Situation Analysis studies, were conducted in 1991 and 1996. The 1996 survey collected data from 192 health facilities spread throughout Zimbabwe. During this exercise, an inventory of physical facilities, equipment, and educational materials was taken. In addition, 758 provider–client interactions of new and revisit clients were observed. Exit interviews were conducted with service providers, and with family planning and maternal and child health clients. In this …

Go to article

Estimating The Cost For Achieving Universal Access To Centers For Independent Living, 1998, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Bill Innes, Alexandra Enders, Maryann Hubbard, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Independent Living and Community Participation

Over the past 20 years, the national network of centers for independent living has significantly advanced the cause of people with disabilities, and helped countless thousands of individuals with significant disabilities achieve healthy and independent lives. Yet, the residents of 40% of the nation’s counties - mostly rural counties - lack basic access to CILs. To achieve universal access to CIL services, we estimate an additional investment of approximately $71.2 million will be needed.

Go to article

Needs And Risks Facing The Indonesian Youth Population, Desti Murdijana

Reproductive Health

Youth are the leaders of tomorrow, but right now they face a formidable collection of problems that will determine the quality of their future lives and the lives of us all. Education, jobs, substance abuse, violence, sexuality, and marriage are examples of adolescent issues that demand special attention from researchers, youth activists and advocates, parents, and policymakers. In attempting to address these complex issues, we must be willing to confront ignorance, controversy, and cultural obstacles. Clear and focused policy and strategies must play a basic role in tackling these issues facing Indonesian adolescents. This paper provides a concise situation analysis …

Go to article

Incentive Schemes For School Attendance In Rural Bangladesh, Sajeda Amin, Gilda Sedgh

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper examines the impact of two incentive schemes on school attendance in rural Bangladesh: a food-for-education program for poor primary school children and a female secondary school scholarship scheme. The data come from an in-depth village study, before and after the programs went into effect. Both programs provide direct financial incentives to families to send their children to and keep them in school. The data also allow for an assessment of an informal school program sponsored by BRAC, a national non-governmental institution, at the study sites. School enrollment in the target population increased more rapidly than would have been …

Go to article

Ethnicity And Child Mortality In Sub-Saharan Africa, Martin Brockerhoff, Paul C. Hewett

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Analysis of recent survey data reveals large differentials in child mortality among ethnic groups in countries throughout sub-Saharan Africa. These disparities correspond with the prominence of specific ethnic groups in the national political economy. In many countries where heads of state since independence have come from one or two ethnic groups-as in Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, and Niger-these groups have experienced levels of early child mortality at least one-third lower than those of other groups. In other countries where there have been several transitions in state control, as in Ghana and Uganda, descendants of precolonial kingdoms such as Ashanti and Buganda …

Go to article

La Familia En La Mira: Nuevas Perspectivas Sobre Madres, Padres E Hijos, Judith Bruce, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Ann Leonard, Patrice L. Engle, Niev Duffy

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

A pesar de la retórica de los últimos años que lamenta la pérdida de la "familia tradicional," las familias jamás se han podido encajonar en modelo único. "Familia" puede referirse a la gente que se ha vinculado entre sí por matrimonio o parentesco, o a los que pretenden descender de antecesores comunes. Las personas pueden formar y extender familias, ya sea mediante la adoptación o crianza de niños, o definiendo como familiares a gente no emparentada o mediante el establecimiento de sociedades consensuales. Las familias son tan adaptables como diversas, pues se reconfiguran a sí mismas en el transcurso de …

Go to article

The Uncharted Passage: Girls' Adolescence In The Developing World, Barbara Mensch, Judith Bruce, Margaret E. Greene

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Adolescence is a formative time of transition to adulthood. What happens between the ages of 10 and 19 shapes how girls and boys live out their lives as women and men—not only in the reproductive arena, but in the social and economic realm as well. Yet, despite its impact on human development, adolescence has been sidelined as a research and policy subject in developing countries. While all adolescents deserve our attention, the needs of adolescent girls in the developing world are particularly pressing. This monograph focuses on these girls, presenting statistics to examine the social and economic context of their …

Go to article

Covert Contraceptive Use: Prevalence, Motivations, And Consequences, Ann E. Biddlecom, Bolaji M. Fapohunda

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper examines women’s covert use of contraceptives, that is, use without the knowledge of their husbands. Covert use may highlight conflict between husbands and wives about family planning, or it may reflect behaviors that spouses find difficult to discuss together. This study addresses three questions: 1) How is covert use measured in different settings? 2) How prevalent is it? and 3) What are the factors underlying covert use? We examine these questions by drawing on existing studies and detailed survey and qualitative data collected in 1997 in an urban setting in Zambia from married women and a subsample of …

Go to article

Women's Lives And Rapid Fertility Decline: Some Lessons From Bangladesh And Egypt, Sajeda Amin, Cynthia B. Lloyd

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

In some of the more traditional parts of the world, fertility is falling steadily, sometimes rapidly, in environments where women’s lives remain severely constrained. The recent experiences of Bangladesh and Egypt, both predominantly Muslim countries, are illustrative in this regard. Since the late 1970s, rural and urban areas in both countries have experienced steady declines in fertility, with recent declines in rural Bangladesh similar to those in rural Egypt, despite lower levels of development and higher rates of poverty. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the demographic transition in these two societies as seen through the dual lens of …

Go to article

The Impact Of An Integrated Micro-Credit Programme On Women's Empowerment And Fertility Behavior In Rural Bangladesh, Fiona Steele, Sajeda Amin, Ruchira Tabassum Naved

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper examines the impact of participation in women’s savings and credit groups organized by Save the Children USA on women’s empowerment, contraceptive use, and fertility in a rural area of Bangladesh. The data are drawn from a panel survey conducted in 1993, shortly before the groups were formed, and in 1995 after interventions began. This quasi-experimental design enables us to identify the characteristics of women who chose to join savings groups. The findings show that those who joined tend to more educated and more socially independent than are women who did not. Thus, to control for selection bias, preintervention …

Go to article

Migration, Sexual Behavior And Hiv Diffusion In Kenya, Martin Brockerhoff, Ann E. Biddlecom

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The association of migration with the spread of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa is well documented, yet the social and behavioral mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Using data from the 1993 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey, this paper examines whether migrants are more likely than nonmigrants to have multiple recent sexual partners and not to use condoms with those partners. Results indicate that migation is a critical factor in high-risk sexual behavior and that its importance varies by gender and by the direction of movement. Independent of marital and cohabitation status, social milieu, awareness of AIDS, and other crucial …

Go to article

Fertility And Reproductive Preferences In Post-Transitional Societies, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Conventional theories have little to say about the level at which fertility will stabilize at the end of the transition although it is often assumed that replacement fertility of about 2.1 births per woman will prevail in the long run. However, fertility has dropped below the replacement level in virtually every population that has moved through the demographic transition. If future fertility remains at these low levels populations will decline in size and age rapidly.This paper attempts to contribute to the understanding of levels and trends of post-transitional fertility by examining the causes of discrepancies between reproductive preferences and observed …

Go to article

The Onset Of Fertility Transition In Pakistan, Zeba Sathar, John B. Casterline

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Recent trends in fertility and contraceptive prevalence indicate that the marital fertility transition in Pakistan, which has been anticipated for three decades, has begun in the 1990s. Before that decade, the total fertility rate had exceeded 6 births per woman for at least three decades, and fewer than 10 percent of married women practiced contraception. The most recent survey data, collected in 1996- 97, show a total fertility rate of 5.3 births per woman and a contraceptive prevalence rate of 24 percent. Underlying this development are macroeconomic trends that have led to widespread economic distress at the household level, and …

Go to article

The Changing Social Environment For Adolescents In Kassena-Nankana District Of Northern Ghana: Implications For Reproductive Behavior, Barbara Mensch, Daniel Bagah, Wesley H. Clark, Fred N. Binka

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This study reports on a primarily qualitative investigation of adolescent reproductive behavior in the Kassena-Nankana District, a rural isolated area in northern Ghana, where traditional patterns of marriage, family formation, and social organization persist. The study is based on in-depth interviews and focus groups with adolescents, parents, chiefs and traditional leaders, teachers, youth leaders, and health workers, supplemented by quantitative data from the 1996 wave of a panel survey of reproductive-aged women conducted by the Navrongo Health Research Centre. The social environment faced by adolescent boys and girls in the Kassena-Nankana District and its links to reproductive behavior are described. …

Go to article

Full-Text Articles in Demography, Population, and Ecology

Do College Students Support Multiculturalism And What's Behind Their Attitudes: Demographic, Ideology, Contact, Race Perceptions Or University Factors?, Hideko Asada

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A Sociological Perspective Of The Mobile Home In Appalachian Eastern Kentucky, Travis Lance George

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

Latinos In Massachusetts: An Update, Andrés Torres, Lisa Chavez

Gastón Institute Publications

An Economic/Demographic Comparison Of Air Force And Other Service Families, John C. Glover

Theses and Dissertations

Age And Violent Sexual Abuse: Does Victim's Age And Violence Associated With Sexual Abuse Influence The Risk Of Suicide?, Debra A. Keel

Graduate Theses

Modernization And Migration In Indonesia, I Wayan Mastriyana

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The Coming Age Of Scarcity : Preventing Mass Death And Genocide In The Twenty-First Century, Michael N. Dobkowski, Isidor Wallimann

Books

Community-Based Aids Prevention And Care In Africa: Results Of Four Action-Research Interventions In East And Southern Africa, Ann Leonard, Esther Muia

HIV and AIDS

National Identity, Nationalism, And The Organization Of The European Union, Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Rural Transportation, Diana Spas, Tom Seekins, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Independent Living and Community Participation

Manuel De Recherche Opérationnelle En Matière De Planification Familiale, Andrew A. Fisher, John E. Laing, John E. Stoeckel, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

Integrating Sti/Hiv Services Into Existing Mch/Fp Programs, Baker Ndugga, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health Operations Research, 1995–1998, James R. Foreit, Federico R. Leon, Ricardo Vernon, Timothy D.N. King, Deborah L. Billings, A.B Friedman, Janie Benson

Reproductive Health

Emergency Contraception In Zambia: Setting A New Agenda For Research And Action, Yusuf Ahmed, M. Ketata, John P. Skibiak

Reproductive Health

Youth Centres In Ghana: Assessment Of The Planned Parenthood Association Of Ghana Programme, Evam Kofi Glover, Annabel Erulkar, Joana Nerquaye-Tetteh

Reproductive Health

Peru Logistics Chain Analysis, Jeanne Noble, James R. Foreit

Reproductive Health

An Assessment Of The Zimbabwe Family Planning Programme: Results From The 1996 Situation Analysis Study, Lewis Ndhlovu, Hazel M.B. Dube, Caroline S. Marangwanda

Reproductive Health

Estimating The Cost For Achieving Universal Access To Centers For Independent Living, 1998, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Bill Innes, Alexandra Enders, Maryann Hubbard, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Independent Living and Community Participation

Needs And Risks Facing The Indonesian Youth Population, Desti Murdijana

Reproductive Health

Incentive Schemes For School Attendance In Rural Bangladesh, Sajeda Amin, Gilda Sedgh

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Ethnicity And Child Mortality In Sub-Saharan Africa, Martin Brockerhoff, Paul C. Hewett

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

La Familia En La Mira: Nuevas Perspectivas Sobre Madres, Padres E Hijos, Judith Bruce, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Ann Leonard, Patrice L. Engle, Niev Duffy

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Uncharted Passage: Girls' Adolescence In The Developing World, Barbara Mensch, Judith Bruce, Margaret E. Greene

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Covert Contraceptive Use: Prevalence, Motivations, And Consequences, Ann E. Biddlecom, Bolaji M. Fapohunda

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Women's Lives And Rapid Fertility Decline: Some Lessons From Bangladesh And Egypt, Sajeda Amin, Cynthia B. Lloyd

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Impact Of An Integrated Micro-Credit Programme On Women's Empowerment And Fertility Behavior In Rural Bangladesh, Fiona Steele, Sajeda Amin, Ruchira Tabassum Naved

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Migration, Sexual Behavior And Hiv Diffusion In Kenya, Martin Brockerhoff, Ann E. Biddlecom

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Fertility And Reproductive Preferences In Post-Transitional Societies, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Onset Of Fertility Transition In Pakistan, Zeba Sathar, John B. Casterline

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Changing Social Environment For Adolescents In Kassena-Nankana District Of Northern Ghana: Implications For Reproductive Behavior, Barbara Mensch, Daniel Bagah, Wesley H. Clark, Fred N. Binka

Poverty, Gender, and Youth