Terrorism Studies Commons^™

Combating The Recruitment And Radicalization Of Potential Terrorists: A State-Based Methods And Effectiveness Analysis For Application To Counter White Supremacy Terrorism In The Usa, Francesca Pimenta

Honors Theses

For approximately the past twenty years, the United States (US) government has focused on combating terrorist threats from abroad like Islamic terrorism. However, in recent years, terrorism has transitioned from an external threat to an internal threat. Some people in the US only realized how large a threat white supremacy terror poses to the nation’s security following the insurrection in the Capitol on January 6th, 2021. Despite this newly gained knowledge, the threat of white supremacy terror in the US has been growing for years. This study looked at the ways foreign governments have combatted white supremacist terrorism, recruitment, and …

Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorist Financing And Boko Haram Insurgency In Nigeria, Waziri Adisa

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Terror attacks on the African continent have continued to impose significant costs on the people, particularly in the West African sub-region where Boko Haram and the Islamic State in the West African Province have remained active for the last decade. While the security threat that the Boko Haram insurgency poses to the West African sub-region has been well established in the literature, there is a dearth of studies on the role of transnational organized crime and terrorist financing in the wake of the sects’ activities in the sub-region. This article therefore argues that Boko Haram and ISIS in Nigeria have …

Transformation Of Ex-Hti Propaganda Before And During Covid-19 Pandemic, Ali Al Ghazali

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Since it’s dissolution in 2017, HTI ex-members transformed into multiple communities and utilizing internet to conduct propaganda, recruitment, and coordination. Covid-19 pandemic created new opportunity for spread of radicalism because of economic recession and increased poverty. HTI ex-members continue the struggle through underbouw organizations like GEMA Pembebasan, BacktoMuslimIdentity Community (BMI), and MuslimahNewsId. Rise in internet usage during pandemic helps expose people to HTI khilafah propaganda. Uploaded contents are provocative and targeting mainly millennials and women. This increased the potential of sectarian conflict and proliferation of radical islamist movement in the coming years. Government could tackle this by providing Islamic education …

Implementasi Resosialisasi Oleh Densus 88 Anti Teror, Andi Nova, Muhamad Syauqillah

Journal of Terrorism Studies

The Indonesian government takes two distinct approaches to terrorism cases: a soft approach and a hard approach. One of the approaches that has been successful is deradicalization, which is expected to be the most effective method of combating terrorism. The Detachment 88 Task Force is a special unit of the Indonesian National Police tasked with investigating terrorism-related crimes. Officers from Special Detachment 88 deal directly with perpetrators, witnesses, and families affected by terrorism crimes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of resocialization as the final stage of deradicalization. Resocialization is the stage which the terrorism inmates …

Revisiting The Deradicalization In Indonesia: A Proposal For Better Implementation, Stanislaus Riyanta, Amy Ys Rahayu, Benny J. Mamoto

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Terrorism has been one of the most concerning issues in Indonesia since it has penetrated all layers of society, including families and even police officers. Interestingly, some of the terrorist attacks have been launched by the ex-convicts of terrorism and this finding indicates that the deradicalization program, as one of the ways for mitigating the massive wave of terrorism, turns out to be ineffective. If this situation is not given proper attention, then in both the near and the far future it can be predicted that terrorism will be a recurrent theme of issues in the state. Therefore, there should …

Model Pendanaan Terorisme Melalui Media Cryptocurrency, Adhitya Yuda Prasetya, Athor Subroto, Amanah Nurish

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Globalization encourages technological progress so that its development is utilized by terrorist organizations in expanding their movements. Terrorist organizations utilize digital financial transaction technology, namely cryptocurrency, as part of their funding activities. This condition is influenced by the shift in traditional funding methods that have begun to switch to digital media, so the emergence of cryptocurrencies has a great opportunity in terrorism financing activities globally. Over the past few years there has been a phenomenon of using cryptocurrencies by terrorist groups for funding purposes. This research article wants to explain how terrorist organizations use cryptocurrency as a new medium in …

Telaah Atas Peran Sistem Keamanan Dalam Pencegahan Serangan Terorisme, Iwa Maulana

Journal of Terrorism Studies

No abstract provided.

Interpretation Of Deradicalization Polemic In Indonesia, R. Aries Munandar, Muhamad Syauqillah, Sapto Priyanto

Journal of Terrorism Studies

The development of terrorism acts in parts of the world, creating geopolitical dynamics globally. The act of terrorism is clearly a threat that cannot be denied by various countries in the world. In addressing this, countries around the world are vying for an answer to solve the problem, including in Indonesia. One of the programs that is felt to be necessary is the deradicalization program against terrorism convicts. But it turns out that in the dynamics of its implementation reaps many pros and cons. This paper presents a systematic and logical argument in understanding the polemics that occur regarding the …

Ketahanan Sosial Masyarakat Di Kawasan Rawan Narkotika : Studi Kasus Di Kampung Muara Bahari Tanjung Priok Jakarta Utara, Fika Dewi Rahmawati, Margaretha Hanita, Anang Iskandar

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

In accordance with the mandate of the Narcotics Law Number 35 of 2009, the community has the right and obligation to make efforts to prevent the eradication of narcotics abuse and illicit trafficking (P4GN) in their environment. Through this research, the researcher wants to see how the social resilience of the community in vulnerable areas, especially in Muara Bahari Village, faces the threat of narcotics crime. This research was conducted through a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Data were collected through observation and interviews with informants consisting of community leaders, government officials and security forces. It was found that the …

Peredaran Gelap Narkoba Di Indonesia Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19, Christian Nataludin, Eva Fauziah, Rosita Dewi Eka Renel, Vallendiah Ayuningtiyas

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

The Covid-19 pandemic caused major changes in health systems and policies related to public health in all countries in the world. UNODC in WDR 2020 said that as for drug markets, the impact of the pandemic is unknown and hard to predict, but various restricted activities had affected demand in the market, the price, and the quality of drugs. This study aims to see how the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on the problem of illicit drug trafficking, the pattern, and the modus of illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative through a …

Fighting A Losing Battle? Countering Terrorism Financing In Nigeria And Somalia, Vesna Markovic

Justice, Law, and Public Safety Studies Department Faculty Articles

In the past decade, terrorist attacks in Africa have increased in frequency and lethality. Cutting off funding to terrorist groups is one important way to reduce these attacks. This research focuses on Boko Haram in Nigeria and al-Shabaab in Somalia. A historical overview of terrorist financing and a current outlook of the methods used by both groups are followed by a review of the literature on countering the financing of terrorism (CFT). This provides a lens through which specific government responses to financing terrorism in Nigeria and Somalia are examined. The research found that although Nigeria has made strides toward …

Analisis Sistem Informasi Rehabilitasi Narkoba Dengan Metode Hot Fit Pada Klinik Bnn Guna Menunjang Ketahanan Nasional, Atina Fauzia, Amy Yayuk Sri Rahayu, Anggi Aulina Harahap

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

The Narcotics Rehabilitation Information System (SIRENA) belonging to the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) managed by the Deputy for Rehabilitation provides narcotics rehabilitation data needed to support decision making. Given the important role of SIRENA BNN, analysis is needed to identify and evaluate existing problems and potential future developments. This study aims to analyze in order to gain an understanding and to study more deeply the BNN SIRENA using the HOT FIT method in terms of human, organizational, technological, and net benefits components. This study uses a descriptive analytical qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. …

'Here We Start And In Jerusalem We Meet:' The Motivational And Organizational Influences Of Israel's Statehood Ontransnational Salafi Jihad, Charlotte Armistead

Honors Theses

The Israeli occupation of Palestine and its impact on the proliferation and longevity of transnational Salafi jihad is largely underestimated in current literature. In this thesis, I argue that Palestine, defined as both the nation and physical borders before the Balfour Declaration, largely contributed to the twentieth century revival of transnational Salafi jihad and is used by both Al Qaeda and ISIS as liberation and annihilation movements, respectively. In order to assess the motivational and organizational influences of the Israeli occupation of Palestine on transnational Salafi jihad, I examine the works of Abdullah Azzam, a selection of Osama Bin Laden’s …

Terrorism, Trauma, And Memory: Constructing National Identity At The 9/11 Museum And The Oklahoma City National Memorial And Museum, Caroline L. Whittenburg

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

This thesis undertakes an analysis of the Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and the 9/11 Museum in New York City, New York, focusing on the construction of an idealized citizen that is mobilized as a defense against terrorist threats. Employing rhetorical field methods, I focus on how these spaces work symbolically and materially to shape visitors’ sense of national identity. I pay careful attention to how message construction relates to whether the terrorist threat is framed as internal or external, and how that influences what it means to be American. This argument is grounded through …

Extreme Far-Right Murder-Suicide Attacks In The U.S. And Germany: A Comparative Storyline Analysis, Hayden Lucas

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Despite increasing empirical research on suicide terrorism since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, prior studies have focused primarily on radical Islamic terrorism in non-Western contexts. As a result, less is known about how murder-suicide attacks committed by other ideological movements unfold, particularly the extreme far-right in North America and Europe. Researchers have begun to theorize the social and psychological processes believed to play a role in the radicalization of suicide terrorists. However, the observable, situational processes shaping radicalized individuals when planning, preparing for, and executing suicide terrorism remain underexplored. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify intervention points by …

Pengaruh Stigmatisasi Pada Penyalah Guna Narkotika Berdasarkan Gender Terhadap Kecenderungan Penggunaan Berulang Di Balai Rehabilitasi Bnn, Agrippina Decila Putri, Puspitasari, Puspitasari, Diah Setia Utami

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Stigmatization of narcotics abusers is strongly felt in the community. The stigma that is formed in society can have implications for the internalization of self-stigma so that it affects the tendency of repeated use. This thesis aims to identify the public stigma and self-stigma that is formed on narcotics abusers based on gender on the influence of the tendency of repeated use at the BNN Rehabilitation Center which consists of the Lido BNN Rehabilitation Center, the Baddoka Makassar BNN Rehabilitation Center and the Tanah Merah Samarinda Rehabilitation Center. . This thesis research uses a mixed method. The research sample amounted …

Trading Camouflage For Kalashnikovs: The Radicalization Of U.S. Military Members Into Salafi-Jihadist Organization And Their Insider Threat, Lauren Zimmerman

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

This study examines those identified as homegrown violent extremists within the U.S. who also had experience with the U.S. military and the possible pathways to extremism they took. This research relies on the Salafi Jihadist Inspired Profiles and Radicalization Clusters (SPARC) study. By applying Kruglanski’s 3N theory of radicalization to a sample of 23 subjects who had joined, or attempted to join, the U.S. military, this study finds that most of those with military experience are radicalized by formal, organization-led networks and are motivated by social significance loss, suggesting that they have moved their personal identification from the U.S. military …

Victims Of Anti-Asian Bias Homicides In The United States, 1990-2019, Jeff Gruenewald, Katie Ratcliff

Research Projects

Background: Asians have increasingly becometargets of bias crime since China was publicly linkedto the COVID-19 virus outbreak. Acts of violencetargeting persons because of their Asian descent arenot new and have included brutal attacks resulting inthe death and elevated levels of fear across Asiancommunities.

Contextualizing The Politics Of Ten-Household Cluster Initiatives (Nyumba Kumi) For Human Security In Kenya, Edmond M. Were, Paul A. Opondo

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

National security has been a preserve of the State to the detriment of the welfare of the masses. Human security on the other hand incorporates the basic security elements that are globally recognized and touch on the daily lives of the masses. The Ten Household Cluster Initiatives that have been practiced in East Asia, Caribbean and parts of Western Europe and adapted in Eastern Africa are an avenue through which human security can be addressed though they are tightly controlled by the state and characterized by human rights flaws. Their rationalization is anchored in theories of individualism and communitarianism that …

Counterterrorism In The Philippines: Review Of Key Issues, Ronald U. Mendoza, Rommel Jude G. Ong, Dion Lorenz L. Romano, Bernadette Chloe P. Torno

Ateneo School of Government Publications

Terrorism has taken root in almost all corners of the world with terrorist organizations thriving in both rich and poor countries. In the Philippines, the Human Security Act of 2007 came into force to address the threat of terrorism to the national security of the country. However, the law has never been fully utilized. To provide law enforcers with a stronger legal measure to address acts of terrorism in the country, President Duterte certified a new Anti-Terrorism Bill as urgent, with Congress adopting the Senate version and approving it in the shortest time possible. Despite opposition from various sectors and …

Reviving The Treason Charge, Hannah Snyder

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Can Americans who join terrorist organizations and fight against United States troops be charged with treason? Does the January 6th riot in Washington D.C. constitute “levying war”? Despite ongoing acts of levying war, and providing aid and comfort to enemies, the United States has not had a treason conviction since the 1950's. Courts and prosecutors actively avoid the charge, leading to a substantial lack of case law and legal guidance. Today, legal scholars disagree on how the Treason Clause should be applied. In this thesis, I discuss the disappearance of treason, and analyze opposing views on how the treason charge …

Isbanban Foundation Volunteers During The Covid-19pandemic: Activities & Innovation, Ariza Bima Putra, Puspitasari Puspitasari

Journal of Strategic and Global Studies

ISBANBAN is an educational driving foundation in Banten that arranges programs to achieve curriculum goals in schools through 21st Century Skill that elaborates and encourages the ability of fostered to master the skills of Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking and Creativity for children aged 4 - 12 years old. Since the Covid-19 pandemic and the adoption of large-scale social restrictions and physical distancing by the government, this affected the voluntary activities carried out at Isbanban Foundation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to obtain information about the ISBANBAN volunteers activities in Banten during this covid-19 pandemic, as well as innovative …

Hate Speech In Election 2019: Case Study Of Youth Organizations, Harsih Setiawandari, Adis Imam Munandar

Journal of Strategic and Global Studies

Technology advance such as social media utilization to communicate, to express opinions, to interact with each other, and to discover and share information, but this also has its own susceptive. Its positive effect, social media can be used to accelerate the spreading of information, but the negative effects are the spreading of radical ideas, hate speech, hoaxes, etc. which can threaten the national defense and the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. This research used complex models and a limited amount of samples so that in the data analysis using Smart-PLS software. Smart-PLS using the bootstrapping methods or random multiplication. …

Islamic Bussiness Concept In Facing Moral Hazard Of Mudharabah Financing In Indonesia Islamic Banking (Perspective: Asymetric Information Theory), Ummu Sholihah, Nur Fatwa

Journal of Strategic and Global Studies

In the contract of financing much-needed information asymmetry between the owners of capital (shahibul mall) and the manager of the capital (mudharib) in order to achieve common interests. One of the indicators that lead to moral hazard is due to asymmetric information or dissimilarity of information provided, and influential in the contract of financing. In a Mudharabah financing contract, between shahibul mall and mudharib provide information asymmetry in favor of the creation of a common interest. This study is a literature with an approach that combines the philosophical and phenomenological approach to look deeply about the …

Prioritizing Countries By Concern Regarding Access To Weapons Of Mass Destruction Materials, Susan Caskey, Barry Ezell

VMASC Publications

This article presents a global prioritization methodology that evaluates the relative risks of non-state actor acquisition of materials that could be used in chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high explosive Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) from the country's relevant infrastructure. Prioritization is based on three domains: 1. Assessing relative scale of materials in each country, 2. The country's corresponding security posture, and 3. The presence of threat actors. The output is a list of countries prioritized from greatest risk to least. Rather than providing an overall 1 to N ranking, however, the results are placed into tiers based upon their …

The Trouble With Numbers: Difficult Decision Making In Identifying Right-Wing Terrorism Cases. An Investigative Look At Open Source Social Scientific And Legal Data, Daniela Peterka-Benton, Francesca Laguardia

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Terrorism research has gained much traction since the 9/11 attacks, but some sub genres of terrorism, such as right-wing terrorism, have remained under-studied areas. Unsurprisingly data sources to study these phenomena are scarce and frequently face unique data collection obstacles. This paper explores five major, social-scientific terrorism databases in regards to data on right-wing terrorist events. The paper also provides an in-depth examination of the utilization of criminal legal proceedings to research right-wing terrorist acts. Lastly, legal case databases are introduced and discussed to show the lack of available court information and case proceedings in regards to right-wing terrorism.

An Artistic Expression Of The Connection Between “Man And The Universe” In The Works By Suhrаb Sipehri, Nargiza Shoaliyeva, Safar Abdulloh

The Light of Islam

The poet and writer Sohrab Sipehri (1928-1980) played a particular role in the formation and development of Iranian poetry at the beginning of the twentieth century. This poet created his style of expression and was an enlightened person who provided a holistic connection of modern philosophical views with orthodox ideas. He was a philosopher-poet, an artistic thinker who was able to give the contemporary content of the interpretation of theories of «Unity» - («wahdat al-wujud») and «Perfect man» - («komil inson») in the traditional system of mystical views. As a great writer he created a new set of poetic emblems …

About Medieval Egyptian Historians, Zukhra Aripova

The Light of Islam

This article is dedicated to the life and work of historians of the Mamluk period (1250-1517) in Egypt and the rich heritage left by them. In the XIII-XV centuries, Egypt had a special place among the countries of the Middle East due to the activities of the Mamluks. The prestige of the Mamluk sultans increased due to their victories in the fght against the Crusaders and the Mongols in the Middle East. The establishment of Mamluk rule in the history of Egypt, the growth of the superiority of military Mamluks in the country, the rise of the Bakhrit Mamluk sultans …

Shedding Of Marburg Virus In Naturally Infected Egyptian Rousette Bats, South Africa, 2017, Janusz T. Pawęska, Nadia Storm, Wanda Markotter, Nicholas Di Paola, Michael R. Wiley, Gustavo Palacios, Petrus Jansen Van Vuren

University of Nebraska's National Strategic Research Institute: Publications

We detected Marburg virus RNA in rectal swab samples from Egyptian rousette bats in South Africa in 2017. This finding signifies that fecal contamination of natural bat habitats is a potential source of infection for humans. Identified genetic sequences are closely related to Ravn virus, implying wider distribution of Marburg virus in Africa.

The genus Marburgvirus, family Filoviridae, comprises 1 species, Marburg marburgvirus, which comprises 2 marburgviruses, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV) (1). Marburgviruses cause sporadic but often fatal MARV disease in humans and nonhuman primates (2). The Egyptian rousette bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) …

A Peaceful End? Exploring The Correlates Of When Terrorist Groups Negotiate, William Berry

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Despite significant advances in the terrorism literature since the September 11th attacks, there remains very little research into the processes by which terrorism might come to a peaceful end. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by investigating politicization, a process by which terrorist organizations negotiate with authorities and the two parties enter a peace agreement or otherwise agree to cease hostilities. The study explores the politicization outcome as predicted by important organizational and behavioral characteristics that prior literature identifies as affecting how terrorist groups end, including group size, organization lifespan, target type for terroristic activities, and the …