Quantum Physics Commons^™

Neutrino Energy Reconstruction From Semi-Inclusive Samples, R. González-Jiménez, M. B. Barbaro, J. A. Caballero, T. W. Donnelly, N. Jachowicz, G.D. Megias, K. Niewczas, A. Nikolakopoulos, J.W. Van Orden, J. M. Udías

Physics Faculty Publications

We study neutrino-nucleus charged-current reactions on finite nuclei for the situation in which an outgoing muon and a proton are detected in coincidence; i.e., we focus on semi-inclusive cross sections. We limit our attention to one-body current interactions (quasielastic scattering) and assess the impact of different nuclear effects in the determination of the neutrino energy. We identify the regions in phase space where the neutrino energy can be reconstructed relatively well and study whether the cross section in those regions is significant. Our results indicate that it is possible to filter more than 50% of all events according to the …

Measurement Of Charged-Pion Production In Deep-Inelastic Scattering Off Nuclei With The Clas Detector, Clas Collaboration, S. Morán, R. Dupre, H. Hakobyan, Moskov J. Amaryan, Dilini Bulumulla, Mohammad Hattawy, Florian Hauenstein, Sebastian Kuhn, Pushpa Pandey, Jiwan Poudel, Yelena Prok, Lawrence B. Weinstein, N. Zachariou, J. Zhang, Z. W. Zhao, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

Background: Energetic quarks in nuclear deep-inelastic scattering propagate through the nuclear medium. Processes that are believed to occur inside nuclei include quark energy loss through medium-stimulated gluon bremsstrahlung and intranuclear interactions of forming hadrons. More data are required to gain a more complete understanding of these effects.

Purpose: To test the theoretical models of parton transport and hadron formation, we compared their predictions for the nuclear and kinematic dependence of pion production in nuclei.

Methods: We have measured charged-pion production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off D, C, Fe, and Pb using the CLAS detector and the CEBAF 5.014-GeV electron beam. …

Positivity And Renormalization Of Parton Densities, John Collins, Ted C. Rogers, Nobuo Sato

Physics Faculty Publications

There have been recent debates about whether MS parton densities exactly obey positivity bounds (including the Soffer bound) and whether the bounds should be applied as a constraint on global fits to parton densities and on nonperturbative calculations. A recent paper [Candido et al., Can MS parton distributions be negative?, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2020) 129] appears to provide a proof of positivity in contradiction with earlier work by other authors. We examine their derivation and find that its primary failure is in the apparently uncontroversial statement that bare parton density (or distribution) function (pdfs) are always …

Measuring Recoiling Nucleons From The Nucleus With The Future Electron Ion Collider, Florian Hauenstein, A. Jentsch, J. R. Pybus, A. Kiral, M. D. Baker, Y. Furletova, O. Hen, D. W. Higinbotham, Charles Hyde, V. Morozov, D. Romanov, Lawrence B. Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

Short range correlated nucleon-nucleon (NN) pairs are an important part of the nuclear ground state. They are typically studied by scattering an electron from one nucleon in the pair and detecting its spectator correlated partner (“spectator-nucleon tagging”). The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) should be able to detect these nucleons, since they are boosted to high momentum in the laboratory frame by the momentum of the ion beam. To determine the feasibility of these studies with the planned EIC detector configuration, we have simulated quasielastic scattering for two electron and ion beam energy configurations: 5 GeV e− and 41 …

Unpolarized And Polarized Gluon Pseudo-Distributions At Short Distances: Forward Case, Ian Balitsky, Wayne Morris, Anatoly Radyushkin

Physics Faculty Publications

We present the results that are necessary in the ongoing lattice calculations of the unpolarized and polarized gluon parton distribution functions (PDFs) within the pseudo-PDF approach. We give a classification of possible two-gluon correlator functions and identify those that contain the invariant amplitude determining the gluon PDF in the light-cone z² → 0 limit. One-loop calculations have been performed in the coordinate representation and in an explicitly gauge-invariant form. We made an effort to separate ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) sources of the ln(−z²)-dependence at short distances z². The UV terms cancel in the reduced …

Rapidity Evolution Of Tmds With Running Coupling, Ian Balitsky, Giovanni A. Chirilli

Physics Faculty Publications

The scale of a coupling constant for rapidity-only evolution of transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) operators in the Sudakov kinematic region is calculated using the Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie optimal scale setting [S. J. Brodsky et al., Phys. Rev. D 28, 228 (1983).]. The effective argument of a coupling constant is halfway in the logarithmical scale between the transverse momentum and energy of TMD distribution. The resulting rapidity-only evolution equation is solved for quark and gluon TMDs.

Cooling Performance In A Dual Energy Storage Ring Cooler, B. Dhital, Y. S. Derbenev, D. Douglas, G. A. Krafft, H. Zhang, F. Lin, V. S. Morozov, Y. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

The longitudinal and transverse emittance growth in hadron beams due to intra-beam scattering (IBS) and other heating sources deteriorate the luminosity in a collider. Hence, a strong hadron beam cooling is required to reduce and preserve the emittance. The cooling of high energy hadron beam is challenging. We propose a dual energy storage ring-based electron cooler that uses an electron beam to extract heat away from hadron beam in the cooler ring while the electron beam is cooled by synchrotron radiation damping in the high energy damping ring. In this paper, we present a design of a dual energy storage …

Connecting Matrix Elements To Multi-Hadron Form-Factors, Andrew W. Jackura

Physics Faculty Publications

We discuss developments in calculating multi-hadron form-factors and transition processes via lattice QCD. Our primary tools are finite-volume scaling relations, which map spectra and matrix elements to the corresponding multi-hadron infinite-volume amplitudes. We focus on two hadron processes probed by an external current, and provide various checks on the finite-volume formalism in the limiting cases of perturbative interactions and systems forming a bound state. By studying model-independent properties of the infinite-volume amplitudes, we are able to rigorously define form-factors of resonances.

Cebaf Injector Model For KL Beam Conditions, Sunil Pokharel, Geoffrey A. Krafft, A. S. Hofler, R. Kazimi, M. Bruker, J. Grames, S. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

The Jefferson Lab KL experiment will run at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility with a much lower bunch repetition rate (7.80 or 15.59 MHz) than nominally used (249.5 or 499 MHz). While the proposed average current of 2.5 - 5.0 µA is relatively low compared to the maximum CEBAF current of approximately 180 µA, the corresponding bunch charge is atypically high for CEBAF injector operation. In this work, we investigated the evolution and transmission of low-rep-rate, high-bunch-charge (0.32 to 0.64 pC) beams through the CEBAF injector. Using the commercial software General Particle Tracer, we have simulated and analyzed the …

Existence And Non-Existence Of Doubly Heavy Tetraquark Bound States, M. Pflaumer, Luka Leskovec, S. Meinel, M. Wagner

Physics Faculty Publications

In this work we investigate the existence of bound states for doubly heavy tetraquark systems Q¯Q¯′qq′ in a full lattice-QCD computation, where heavy bottom quarks are treated in the framework of non-relativistic QCD. We focus on three systems with quark content b¯b¯ud, b¯b¯us and b¯c¯ud. We show evidence for the existence of b¯b¯ud and b¯b¯us bound states, while no binding appears to be present for b¯c¯ud. For the bound four-quark states we also discuss the importance of various creation operators and give an estimate of the meson-meson and diquark-antidiquark percentages.

Superfluid Spin Transistor, Edward Schwartz, Bo Li, Alexey Kovalev

Alexey Kovalev Papers

We propose to use the Hall response of topological defects, such as merons and antimerons, to spin currents in two-dimensional magnetic insulator with in-plane anisotropy for identification of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition in a transistorlike geometry. Our numerical results relying on a combination of Monte Carlo and spin dynamics simulations show transition from spin superfluidity to conventional spin transport, accompanied by the universal jump of the spin stiffness and exponential growth of the transverse vorticity current. We propose a superfluid spin transistor in which the spin and vorticity currents are modulated by changes in density of free topological defects, e.g., …

Parallels Of Quantum Mechanics And Mahāyāna Buddhist Philosophy: An Argument For Relational Quantum Mechanics, Axel I. Palapa

CMC Senior Theses

Western orthodoxy philosophy is based on the principle of noncontradiction and thus, the philosophy of science is as well. The most prominent interpretations of quantum mechanics, since its inception, have followed this principle. In this paper, two quantum phenomena, the Observer Problem (measurement problem) and quantum entanglement will be analyzed from a Mahayana Buddhism ontological perspective. I will analyze the mathematical and philosophical arguments proposed by Graham Priest and Jay Garfield, based on dialethism, pertaining to Nagarjuna and the Net of Indra. Demonstrating the parallels and adaptability of the arguments to further the philosophical groundwork for Carlo Reveille’s Relational Quantum …

Characterization And Coherent Spin Selective Manipulation Of Quantum Dot Energy Levels, Tristan Anthony Wilkinson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates to fulfill a wide range of applications in real-world quantum computing, communication, and networks. Their excellent optical properties such as high brightness, single-photon purity, and narrow linewidths show potential utility in many areas. In order to realize long term goals of integration into complex and scalable quantum information systems, many current challenges must be overcome. One of these challenges is accomplishment of all necessary computing operations within a QD, which might be enabled by coherent manipulation of single QD energy level structures. In the realm of scalability for quantum devices, a way to …

Charge Dynamics Of Inas Quantum Dots Under Resonant And Above-Band Excitation, Gary R. Lander Jr

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Research involving light-matter interactions in semiconductor nanostructures has been an interesting topic of investigation for decades. Many systems have been studied for not only probing fundamental physics of the solid state, but also for direct development of technological advancements. Research regarding self-assembled, epitaxially grown quantum dots (QDs) has proven to be prominent in both regards. The development of a reliable, robust source for the production of quantum bits to be utilized in quantum information protocols is a leading venture in the world of condensed matter and solid-state physics. Fluorescence from resonantly driven QDs is a promising candidate for the production …

Extractable Entanglement From A Euclidean Hourglass, Takanori Anegawa, Norihiro Iizuka, Daniel Kabat

Publications and Research

We previously proposed that entanglement across a planar surface can be obtained from the partition function on a Euclidean hourglass geometry. Here we extend the prescription to spherical entangling surfaces in conformal field theory. We use the prescription to evaluate log terms in the entropy of a conformal field theory in two dimensions, a conformally coupled scalar in four dimensions, and a Maxwell field in four dimensions. For Maxwell we reproduce the extractable entropy obtained by Soni and Trivedi. We take this as evidence that the hourglass prescription provides a Euclidean technique for evaluating extractable entropy in quantum field theory.

Two-Loop Four-Fermion Scattering Amplitude In Qed, R. Bonciani, A. Broggio, S. Di Vita, A. Ferroglia, M. K. Mandal, P. Mastrolia, L. Mattiazzi, A. Primo, J. Ronca, U. Schubert, W. J. Torres Bobadilla, F. Tramontano

Publications and Research

We present the first fully analytic evaluation of the transition amplitude for the scattering of a massless into a massive pair of fermions at the two-loop level in quantum electrodynamics. Our result is an essential ingredient for the determination of the electromagnetic coupling within scattering reactions, beyond the currently known accuracy, which has a crucial impact on the evaluation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. It will allow, in particular, for a precise determination of the leading hadronic contribution to the (g − 2)_μ in the MUonE experiment at CERN, and therefore can be used to …

Perspectives On Determinism In Quantum Mechanics: Born, Bohm, And The 'Quantal Newtonian' Laws, Viraht Sahni

Publications and Research

Quantum mechanics has a deterministic Schrödinger equation for the wave function. The Göttingen-Copenhagen statistical interpretation is based on the Born Rule that interprets the wave function as a ‘probability amplitude’. A precept of this interpretation is the lack of determinism in quantum mechanics. The Bohm interpretation is that the wave function is a source of a field experienced by the electrons, thereby attributing determinism to quantum theory. In this paper we present a new perspective on such determinism. The ideas are based on the equations of motion or ‘Quantal Newtonian’ Laws obeyed by each electron. These Laws, derived from the …

Photonics Of Time-Varying Media, Emanuele Galiffi, Romain Tirole, Shixiong Yin, Huanan Li, Stefano Vezzoli, Paloma A. Huidobro, Mário G. Silveirinha, Riccardo Sapienza, Andrea Alù, J. B. Pendry

Advanced Science Research Center

Time-varying media have recently emerged as a new paradigm for wave manipulation, due to the synergy between the discovery of highly nonlinear materials, such as epsilon-near-zero materials, and the quest for wave applications, such as magnet-free nonreciprocity, multimode light shaping, and ultrafast switching. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the recent progress achieved with photonic metamaterials whose properties stem from their modulation in time. We review the basic concepts underpinning temporal switching and its relation with spatial scattering and deploy the resulting insight to review photonic time-crystals and their emergent research avenues, such as topological and non-Hermitian …

Moiré-Driven Topological Transitions And Extremeanisotropy In Elastic Metasurfaces, Simon Yves, Matheus Inguaggiato Nora Nora Rosa, Mohit Gupta, Massimo Ruzzene, Andrea Alù

Advanced Science Research Center

The twist angle between a pair of stacked 2D materials has been recently shown to control remarkable phenomena, including the emergence of flat-band superconductivity in twisted graphene bilayers, of higher-order topological phases in twisted moiré superlattices, and of topological polaritons in twisted hyperbolic metasurfaces. These discoveries, at the foundations of the emergent field of twistronics, have so far been mostly limited to explorations in atomically thin condensed matter and photonic systems, with limitations on the degree of control over geometry and twist angle, and inherent challenges in the fabrication of carefully engineered stacked multilayers. Here, this work extends twistronics to …

Effects Of Vacancies And Electron Temperature On The Electron Phonon Coupling In Cubic Silicon Carbide And Their Connection To The Inelastic Thermal Spike, Salah Al-Smairat

Doctoral Dissertations

“The electron-phonon interaction is an important interaction in many solids as it influences transport phenomena and related quantities such as the electrical and thermal conductivities, especially in nuclear and space applications. The importance of the electron-phonon interaction in primary damage production in 3C-SiC is the subject of this research.

The electron-phonon coupling factor was calculated using a hybrid Density Functional Perturbation Theory - Classical Electron Gas model. The coupling factor was calculated as a function of electron temperature in pristine and defective 3C-SiC, and relaxed defective cells. The electron-phonon coupling is found to depend strongly on the electronic temperature and …

Measurement Of The Nucleon FN₂/FP₂ Structure Function Ratio By The Jefferson Lab Marathon Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering Experiment, D. Abrams, H. Albataineh, B. S. Aljawrneh, S. Alsalmi, D. Androic, K. Aniol, W. Armstrong, J. Arrington, H. Atac, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, X. Bai, J. Bane, J. Barcus, A. Beck, V. Bellini, H. Bhatt, D. Bhetuwal, D. Biswas, D. Blyth, W. Boeglin, D. Bulumulla, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

The ratio of the nucleon F₂ structure functions, Fⁿ₂/F^p₂, is determined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelastic scattering of electrons from ³H and ³He nuclei. The experiment was performed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab using two high-resolution spectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system which included a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel technique exploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminates many theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results, which cover the Bjorken …

Form Factors And Two-Photon Exchange In High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering, M. E. Christy, T. Gautam, L. Ou, S.L. Allison, D. Bulumulla, F. Hauenstein, C. Hyde, K. Park, M.N.H. Rashad, J. Zhang, Y. X. Zhao, P. Zhu, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q²) up to 15.75  (GeV/c)². Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q² and double the range over which a longitudinal or transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observed at lower Q² and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8 (GeV/c)² the range of Q² for which a discrepancy …

New Measurements Of The Beam-Normal Single Spin Asymmetry In Elastic Electron Scattering Over A Range Of Spin-0 Nuclei, Prex And Crex Collaborations, D. Adhikari, H. Albataineh, D. Androic, F. Hauenstein, M.N.H. Rashad, W. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. Zheng, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We report precision determinations of the beam-normal single spin asymmetries (A_n) in the elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18 GeV electrons off ¹²C, ⁴⁰Ca, ⁴⁸Ca, and ²⁰⁸Pb at very forward angles where the most detailed theoretical calculations have been performed. The first measurements of A_n for ⁴⁰Ca and ⁴⁸Ca are found to be similar to that of ¹²C, consistent with expectations and thus demonstrating the validity of theoretical calculations for nuclei with Z ≤ 20. We also report A_n for ²⁰⁸Pb at two …

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Cross Section At High Bjorken 𝓍B, F. Georges, M.N.H. Rashad, A. Stefanko, J. Zhang, Y. Zhao, P. Zhu, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We report high-precision measurements of the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) cross section at high values of the Bjorken variable 𝓍_B. DVCS is sensitive to the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon, which provide a three-dimensional description of its internal constituents. Using the exact analytic expression of the DVCS cross section for all possible polarization states of the initial and final electron and nucleon, and final state photon, we present the first experimental extraction of all four helicity-conserving Compton form factors (CFFs) of the nucleon as a function of 𝓍_B, while systematically including helicity flip amplitudes. …

Accessing Scattering Amplitudes Using Quantum Computers, Raúl A. Briceño, Marco A. Carrillo, Juan V. Guerrero, Maxwell T. Hansen, Alexandru M. Sturzu

Physics Faculty Publications

Future quantum computers may serve as a tool to access non-perturbative real-time correlation functions. In this talk, we discuss the prospects of using these to study Compton scattering for arbitrary kinematics. The restriction to a finite-volume spacetime, unavoidable in foreseeable quantum-computer simulations, must be taken into account in the formalism for extracting scattering observables. One approach is to work with a non-zero iϵ-prescription in the Fourier transform to definite momentum and then to estimate an ordered double limit, in which the spacetime volume is sent to infinity before ϵ is sent to 0. For the amplitudes and parameters considered here, …

Inverse Moment Of The B Meson Quasidistribution Amplitude, Ji Xu, Xi-Ruo Zhang, Shuai Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

We perform a study on the structure of the inverse moment (IM) of quasidistributions, by taking B-meson quasidistribution amplitude (quasi-DA) as an example. Based on a one-loop calculation, we derive the renormalization group equation and velocity evolution equation for the first IM of quasi-DA. We find that, in the large velocity limit, the first IM of B-meson quasi-DA can be factorized into IM as well as logarithmic moments of light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA), accompanied by short distance coefficients. Our results can be useful either in understanding the patterns of perturbative matching in large momentum effective theory or evaluating inverse …

Coupled Dynamics Of Spin Qubits In Optical Dipole Microtraps: Application To The Error Analysis Of A Rydberg-Blockade Gate, L. V. Gerasimov, R. R. Yusupov, A. D. Moiseevsky, I. Vybornyi, K. S. Tikhonov, S. P. Kulik, S. S. Straupe, Charles I. Sukenik, D. V. Kupriyanov

Physics Faculty Publications

Single atoms in dipole microtraps or optical tweezers have recently become a promising platform for quantum computing and simulation. Here we report a detailed theoretical analysis of the physics underlying an implementation of a Rydberg two-qubit gate in such a system—a cornerstone protocol in quantum computing with single atoms. We focus on a blockade-type entangling gate and consider various decoherence processes limiting its performance in a real system. We provide numerical estimates for the limits on fidelity of the maximally entangled states and predict the full process matrix corresponding to the noisy two-qubit gate. We consider different excitation geometries and …

Ring Bose–Einstein Condensate Atomtronic Rotation Sensor, Oluwatobi I. Adeniji

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

We propose a design for an atomtronic rotation sensor consisting of an array of Bose– Einstein condensates (BECs) confined in a double–target–array potential. The purpose of the sensor is to measure the rotation speed, Ω_R, of the sensor’s rest frame with respect to the “fixed stars.” The atomtronic system consists of an ultracold gas of sodium atoms compressed, using laser light, into a thin horizontal sheet and subjected to a double–target– array potential within the horizontal plane. A “target” BEC consists of a disk–shaped condensate surrounded by a concentric ring–shaped condensate. A “double–target” BEC is two adjacent target …

Neutron Spectroscopy Of The Parity-Violating 0.734 Ev Neutron Resonance In Lanthanum-139 In Preparation For The Noptrex Time Reversal Violation Experiment, Danielle Schaper

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

One of the most outstanding questions in physics is the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe, resulting from excess baryogenesis processes during the early moments of the formation of the Universe. At present, the types of processes needed to explain this matter excess, so-called `CP-violating processes' are known to exist within the present framework of the Standard Model of particle physics. However, decades of research has shown that our understanding of the origin of these processes is incomplete, as we do not presently know of enough sources of CP-violating processes to account for the large baryon asymmetry that we observe. The …

Thermalization And Quantum Information In Conformal Field Theory, Ashish Kakkar

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

The consequences of the constraints of conformal symmetry are far-reaching within
theoretical physics. In this dissertation we address a series of questions in conformal
field theory: 1) We calculate the spectrum of qKdV charges in a large central charge
expansion. 2) We determine the corrections to bulk information geometry from 1/N
contributions to holographic correlators. 3) We study the higher genus partitions
functions of CFTs associated with classical and quantum error-correcting codes.