Environmental Health and Protection Commons^™

Embryo Rejection In The Pine Vole, Kenneth J. Marks, Margaret Horsfall Schadler

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

When a pregnant pine vole is placed in a cage with a strange (unfamiliar) male, one that did not cause her pregnancy, this female goes into "heat", indicating she has rejected the embryos she was carrying. This pine vole can later be impregnated by the strange, or second male. This phenomenon of pregnancy termination, called the "Bruce effect", was first noticed by Hilda Bruce, who saw it occur in labratory mice. Many investigators have noted it in a variety of labratory mice, deer mice, and other species of voles. We set out to see if the Bruce effect was reproducible …

Vole Management Studies-1978, Jay Mcaninch

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Earlier studies at the Cary Arboretum (McAninch, 1978) have described mowing and general cultural management practices as key elements in vole management programs. During the 1978 growing season, studies were initiated to quantify several soil parameters and vegetative elements in fruit orchards and correlate these characteristics to the distribution and abundance of vole populations. Although a great deal of additional orchard-vole data has been generated, only the associations described above will be discussed in this paper.

Orchard Vole Research In New York, Milo Richmond, Jonathan Bart, John Hochstein, Barbara Hiaasen

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In this paper we 1) review briefly the rodent damage problem in New York orchards, 2) discuss aspects of the basic biology of pine voles (Pitymys pinetorum) and meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) that might be used to advantage in designing new control techniques, and 3) describe field experiments now in progress.

Dynamics Of A Pine Vole Population In A Pennsylvania Orchard, D. A. Simpson, R. G. Anthony, G. M. Kelly, G. L. Storm

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Because of the lack of long-term studies on the population dynamics of pine voles in Pennsylvania orchards, a study intended to collect various population parameters was initiated in Adams County in November 1973 and continued until November 1977. Two orchards, 0.3 km apart, were chosen for study. Pine voles in Orchard A were live-trapped, and those in Orchard B were snap-trapped. Population density estimates were determined from capture-recapture data from Orchard A, and information on age structure, reproduction, and physical condition were recorded from necropsied voles from Orchard B. Both orchards were maintained and treated by orchard personnel with Endrin …

Cost Of Controlling Pine Voles By Different Methods, William T. Sullivan Jr.

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A question often raised by apple growers, researchers, and agencies is "What does it cost on a per-acre basis to control pine and meadow voles?". In most cases this question refers to the methods and techniques presently known. At the Second Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium we described a new long-term study (Sullivan and Hayne 1978). This study provides answers to some of these basic cost questions. This year I am presenting some cost figures for the 1977 and 1978 seasons, recorded in treating the orchards in the study described at Beltsville. The efficacy of the treatments in controlling voles …

Pine Vole Control 1978-1979 Experiment, Roger S. Young

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

An experiment was established to evaluate the following methods of toxicant application: 1. A 25 ft. band broadcast ground application with Lely Spreader. 2. A 25 ft. band broadcast aircraft application with Grumman Ag-Cat. 3. Hand placement in runways. 4. Hand placement in plastic tube bait stations (' Mouse-ateria'). The following toxicants and application rates were desired: 1. Brodifacoum (Volak) applied at 10.0 lb./A. 2. Diphacinone (Ramik-Brown) applied at 10.0 lb. and 20.0 lb./A broadcast and 10.0 lb./A hand placement with one repeat application.

Vole Control With Volak Rodenticide, Dale E. Kaukeinen

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Field trials with VOLAK rodenticide containing 50 ppm brodifacoum have been conducted in eight states and against four vole species during 1977-78. Hand baiting at 5-10 lb/A and broadcast applications at 10-20 lb/A gave more effective control than other products tested in most cases.

New Commitment By Chempar Chemical Co., S. Pitchon

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Since our last meeting, many exciting changes have taken place within CHEMPAR CHEMICAL. Usually, with changes of any kind, there are positive and negative results which follow. Fortunately, we are pleased to report that we are quite optimistic about this change.

Pine Vole Control Surveying, Fred M. Strawson

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

I don't have an orchard of my own, but as a field representative for FMC Corp. Direct Sales Group, I have the responsibility to check for mice in many orchards and a chance to form an opinion as to what methods are working in our area and how a field representative can be of the most value.

The Endrin Rpar, Lawrence S. Ebner

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In July, 1976 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a "Notice of Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration and Continued Registration of Pesticide Products Containing Endrin" (41 Fed. Reg. 31,316). The purpose of this Notice was to initiate an "RPAR" review to determine whether continued usage of endrin, including the use of endrin for vole control, poses a "substantial question of safety" necessitating cancellation proceedings under Section 6(b) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act ("FIFRA").

Behavioral Responses Of Pine Vole Young And Adults To Olfactory Cues, Lynette A. Geyer

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Ultrasonic vocalization rates of young pine voles are highest when pups begin to move into and out of nests and exhibit olfactory directed movement. As olfactory preferences become established and movement is coordinated, a decline in vocalization appears in pine vole. In the presence of home shavings young pine voles emit high rates of vocalization, while rat pups emit calls at a low rate. This contrast may relate to the intensive attachment of young pine voles to the mother in early life. In preliminary studies of adults, priming either the male or female with the odor of a prospective social …

Highlights Of The Third Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The Third Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium was held in New Paltz, New York, February 14-15, 1979 to further create an awareness of the fruit growers' serious tree girdling problem. The meeting served to focus attention on a diversity of information on animal biology, control strategies and information dispensing mechanisms. Research funding sources, chemical and cultural control methods, clearance of new materials, and governmental involvement in pine vole problems were discussed.

Registration List

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

No abstract provided.

Progress Report -- Experimental Comparison Of Vole Control Methods, Don W. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

At last year's meeting in Beltsville, William T. Sullivan, Jr., read a paper describing an experiment we had set up to compare vole control methods (Sullivan and Hayne 1978). In particular, this investigation attempts to measure the effect of clean orchard culture. This year I am describing some of our experiences with this experiment, with a preliminary appraisal of the different methods of study. Obviously, our observations must be accepted as very tentative, made as they are so early in the experiment.

How Saltland Can Be Reclaimed, A J. Peck

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Some possibilities for reclamation of saltland.

Sand Dune Project Stabilises Erosion, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Read how the Department of Agriculture's Soil Conservation Service and the Department of Conservation and Environment worked with the Rockingham Shire to upgrade the road and protect the sand dunes.

Potential Use Of Hydroelectric Facilities For Manipulating The Fertility Of Lake Mead, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker, James E. Deacon

Publications (WR)

Analysis of historical nutrient data for Lake Mead indicates that the fertility of the reservoir has decreased which may be the cause for a corresponding decline in the largemouth bass population. However, it appears that fertility can be manipulated by altering the operation of the dam. The depletion of nutrients in the euphotic zone by phytoplankton and subsequent accumulation in the hypolimnion during summer and fall provide a natural nutrient gradient from which water of varying fertility can be drawn for discharge. This combined with alterations in the depth or seasonal pattern of discharge can possibly be used to enhance …

Changes In The Forest Composition In The Great Lakes St. Lawrence Forest Region Of Ontario And The Resultant Outbreaks Of The Spruce Budworm Choristoneura Fumiferana (Clem.), John F. Bowen

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. is the foremost forest pest in Canada. The species is endemic to eastern North America. Since the turn of the century the insect has become a major problem in the “Great Lakes St. Lawrence Forest Region” of Ontario, an area where prior to recent times the insect did not occur in damaging numbers.

Analysis of the life cycle of the insect reveals that the only limiting factor capable of controlling outbreaks is a lack of food. The required tree species is balsam fir Abies balsama (L.) Mill. The forests of Ontario have been altered …

Spatial Context And Temporal Aspects Of The Sensitive Area Concept In Ontario, Barbara Elizabeth Anderson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The term “sensitive area” is a product of planning initiatives which have developed within the province of Ontario since the early nineteen seventies. As there are a number of closely related terms utilized the sensitive areas concept generally is defined as the creation of a reserve or the removal of land from unfettered commercial development or intense human use. The concept has been associated with a broad range of environmental concerns such as, the protection of wildlife habitat, maintenance of ecological function, retention of scenic areas and preservation of historic sites. Similar initiatives across North America are surveyed and the …

Emission Of Microbial Aerosols From Polluted Waters In Densely Populated Regions, Lois S. Cronholm

KWRRI Research Reports

The air surrounding three activated sludge tanks was sampled over a two year period for the emission of bacterial aerosols under a variety of climatic conditions and at varying distances upwind and downwind of the aerated tanks. All plants emitted species of enteric bacteria which are significant as index organisms and as frank pathogens. The emission pattern of these bacteria were influenced by distance from the plant and wind direction. Within the parameters of a plant, defined arbitrarily in this study by sampling sites less than 150 m upwind and less than 900 m downwind, distance from the source was …

Distribution Of Phytoplankton In Nebraska Lakes, F. A. Morris, M. M. Morris, W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nationwide threat of accelerated eutrophication to freshwater lakes and reservoirs. The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with State environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations, and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and State management practices relating to point source discharge reduction and nonpoint source pollution abatement in lake watershed.

The Survey collected physical, chemical, and biological data from 815 lakes and reservoirs throughout the contiguous United States. To date, the Survey …

"Toxic Chemicals In The Environment", William E. Cooper

Special Collections: Oregon Public Speakers

Presented and recorded with Arbib, M. A., "Environmental Simulation and Long-Term Planning."

Reclassification Of The Gray Wolf In The United States And Mexico, With Determination Of Critical Habitat In Michigan And Minnesota

Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery: Annual Reports

The Service issues a final rulemaking which provides for the reclassification of the gray wolf in the United States and Mexico, and for the determination of critical habitat for species of gray wolf in Michigan and Minnesota. The reclassification is considered to accurately express the current status of the gray wolf, based solely on an evaluation of the best available biological data. The special regulations being established in Minnesota are deemed necessary and advisable to provide for the future well-being of the species. Although an increased legal take of wolves committing depredations on domestic animals will be authorized, this take …

Some Problems Concerning The Control Of Bird Damage In Southwestern Nigeria , M. Akande

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The problems of controlling bird damage, especially to crops, may be both social and practical. The practical problems are subject to environmental and ecological factors. The social problems relate to lack of adequate biological knowledge of the pest species, lack of confidence between farmers and researchers, persistent government red tapes, and human feelings. Damage is often as a result of feeding and nesting activities. Control measures include both prevention of contact between birds and crops by erection of barriers, use of chemical repellents and scaring devices, and attempted reduction in numbers of pest species, by shooting and trapping. None of …

"Vexar" Plastic Netting To Reduce Pocket Gopher Depredation Of Conifer Seedlings, Richard M. Anthony, Victor G. Barnes Jr., James Evans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

In 1976, we began a comprehensive evaluation of "Vexar" seedling protectors as a means of reducing damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers (Thomomys spp.). The protectors are cylinders of plastic netting that gradually decompose in sunlight. The evaluation is being conducted on four national forests in three western states. Three conifer species, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa), and Shasta red fir (Abies magnifica var. shastensis), are under study. After two growing seasons, gophers have caused only 5 percent mortality among "Vexar"-enclosed seedlings compared to 20 percent mortality among unprotected …

Rodent Population Control For Public Health And Safety, Allan M. Barnes

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Rodent populations - particularly those that live in close proximity to man - constitute a perennial and often severe threat to man's health as reservoirs and often as direct sources of infection for a wide variety of viral, rickettsial, and bacterial disease producing agents. The following will discuss the place of rodent population reduction for the control of plague, a bacterial disease of rodents transmitted by fleas endemic in the western United States.

The Black-Breasted Lark (Melanocorypha Bimaculata), A Pest Of Sorghum In Butana Region, Gezira Province, Sudan , El Sadwig Awad Beshir

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Attempts were made to investigate and account for some aspects of the present status of the black-breasted lark (Melanocorypha bimaculata) as a pest of sorghum in one of the rain-fed semi-desert areas of the Sudan. Also some observations were conducted to understand the behavior and the feeding habits of the pest in relation to crop damage phenology. Problems encountered in the application of some control techniques were discussed and evaluated in order to suggest sound control strategy.

Improvements In The Use Of 4-Aminopyridine For Protecting Agricultural Crops From Birds, Jerome F. Besser

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

In 1976 and 1977, studies to improve the use of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a chemical frightening agent for protecting crops from blackbird damage, were conducted in sunflower in North Dakota, corn in Ohio, grain sorghum in Kansas, and sprouting rice in Arkansas and Texas. Because of the high vulnerability of sunflower, much of the effort was concentrated in this crop, despite the 1976 federal registration of a 4-aminopyridine product, Avitrol^R FC Corn Chops-99S, in 14 midwestern states. Hand baiting the perimeter of fields appeared effective in protecting sunflowers from damage by three species of blackbirds, but was ineffective in protecting …

Control Of The House Mouse (Mus Musculus L.) In The Netherlands, B.T. Bosman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Rodent control is carried out by local authorities, extermination companies or the owners of infested premises. The control of the house mouse, especially in food-handling establishments, is a problem that has existed for some years. Testing in the laboratory indicates a warfarin resistance although the application of new rodenticides like bromadiolone, calciferol and difenacoum has given good results. A "manual" for the control of suspected warfarin resistant house mice is given.

Establishing Native Forbs To Reduce Black-Tailed Deer Browsing Damage To Douglas-Fir, Dan L. Campbell, James Evans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Principal methods being used to alleviate browsing damage to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings by black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in the Pacific Northwest are animal repellents applied to foliage and plastic mesh cylinders around individual seedlings. As an alternate method, we demonstrated that prompt establishment of highly palatable native forbs reduced summer browsing on planted seedlings to the point that black-tailed deer were no longer a factor limiting Douglas-fir regeneration. We believe that establishing native forbs is a sound ecological approach to deer-reforestation problems; furthermore, it should have wide utility because it integrates forest- and wildlife-management …