Environmental Health and Protection Commons^™

Zastosowanie Modelowania Matematycznego Do Oceny Zanieczyszczenia Powietrza Powodowanego Przez Motoryzację, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Bożena Biernat-Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of an inventory of sources of air emissions from the city of Nowy Sacz (Poland) with regard to pollutant emissions from road transport, industrial processes, combustion plants and low-emissions from household furnaces. Particular attention has been devoted to assessing the impact of traffic on air quality in the city. Specified share of emissions from motor vehicles in the state of air pollution in the city center and its outskirts using the method of the atmospheric dispersion modeling.

English title: The use of mathematical modeling to assess air pollution caused by road transport.

Coyotes In The Southwest: Frontmatter

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Includes:

Cover
Editors
Sponsors
Steering Committee
Acknowledgements
Printer

Coyotes In The Southwest: Table Of Contents

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Sections are:

Biology
Ecology
Perspectives
Management
Coyotes vs. Game Management
Coyotes vs. Livestock
Politics
Control Alternatives
Appendix

Symposium Proceedings—Coyotes In The Southwest: A Compendium Of Our Knowledge [Complete Work, 185 Pp.], Dale Rollins, Calvin Richardson, Terry Blankenship, Kem Canon, Scott Henke

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

This is the complete volume, containing all 40+ articles and presentations. Each article is also hosted here separately under its individual title and authors.

From Deer Problem To People Solution: A Case Study From Montgomery County, Maryland, Jonathan S. Kays, Douglas Tregoning

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Montgomery County, Maryland, a 495 square-mile area adjacent to Washington, D.C., is a rapidly developing, highly educated suburban community with one of the highest per capita incomes in the nation. There is increasing concern for the growth and impact of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations by agricultural interests, resource professionals and residential landowners. The Montgomery County Council assembled a task force of stakeholders to examine relevant information and propose deer management options. The task force report provided detailed information on the county deer situation, 11 management alternatives, and 9 final recommendations. The county parks administrator appointed a staff …

Bat Exclusion Methods, William H. Kern Jr.

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

This publication is intended to serve as a review of currently accepted methods of bat exclusion. Inappropriate house bat control methods are destructive to our decreasing bat populations and often cause additional problems for the building's owner or occupant. These problems include odor from dead bats, infestations of carrion-feeding flies, and increasing human and pet exposure to bats. Appropriate exclusion methods like winter structure modification for cave hibernating bats or one-way excluders using hardware cloth, plastic sheeting, or plastic bird netting are the best ways to protect these beneficial wildlife species and correct situations where humans and bats come into …

Assessment Of Gnawing Behavior Of Three Rodent Species On Automatic Speed Control Mechanism Diaphragms From Gm Automobiles, Glenn R. Dudderar, Ren-Rong Hou, Scott R. Winterstein

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

General Motors and the A C. Rochester Company, a subsidiary of General Motors (GM), has found that the robber diaphragms on automatic speed control mechanisms (servos) were gnawed by unknown rodents. House mice (Mus musculus), Peromyscus spp., and eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) were used to test gnawing behavior on 4 kinds of diaphragms. Diaphragms with or without a rodent proof cure formula, which are used by GM, did not influence the gnawing of all test rodent species. Diaphragms with a lubricant (Paricin) were more attractive to gnawing by house mice than diaphragms without a lubricant. Five …

A Comparison Of Deer Hunter And Farmer Attitudes About Crop Damage Abatement In Michigan: Messages For Hunters, Farmers And Managers, Peter A. Fritzell Jr., Donna L. Minnus, R. Ben Peyton

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

During the last 20 years several states have seen dramatic changes in the size of their white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations and also more frequent debates about how the deer resource should be managed. One central area of conflict between stakeholders involved in deer management is the issue of the lethal control of depredating deer, and how and when programs involving lethal control should be implemented. In the last decade, both Michigan farmers and deer hunters have organized special interest groups to express their dissatisfaction with deer population numbers, deer-caused crop losses, and/or the state's crop depredation control …

Ecology And Control Of Wildlife Damage To Electric Substations, Glenn R. Dudderar, Scott R. Winterstein, Wendy H. Sangstei

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

This study addresses several aspects of the ecology and control of wildlife damage to electric substations because the amount of existing research is not sufficient to make informed decisions about how best to minimize that damage. Records of 121 incidents of animal-caused faults showed that 78°I° of the faults were caused by squirrels and raccoons and an average of 2,511 customers lost service doting the outage caused by such a fault. Animal damage control measures were evaluated by observing challenges to cool measures by raccoons and squirrels at a substation. The control measures were breached twice because they had not …

The Effectiveness Of A New Mole Repellent For Preventing Damage To Lawns By Eastern Moles, Glenn R. Dudderar, Stacey Tellman, Dale K. Elshoff

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

A new product containing 65% castor oil with the trade name Mole-Med was evaluated for its effectiveness in repelling eastern moles (Scalopus aquaticus) from lawns. Seven lawns in southern Michigan during September, 1993 was selected as preliminary test sites, and the ridges over mole tunnels in the lawns were flattened each day for 3 days. If some existing and new ridges were raised each day, the site was classified as having mole activity and continuing damage. The repellent was then applied according to label directions, and ridges above mole tunnels were flattened as described previously. If no tunnels …

Relationships Between Wild Turkeys And Raccoons In Central Mississippi, Charles D. Lovell, Darken A. Miller, George A. Hurst, Bruce D. Leopold

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Reduced trapping and hunting of predators has led to concerns that increased predator densities may aged game species populations. Therefore, we investigated effects of predation on the wild turkey population on Tallahala Wildlife Management Area (TWMA), Mississippi, from 1984-94. We also determined trends in raccoon trapping and hunter harvest in Mississippi. Predation of nests (eggs), nesting hens, and points caused a population decline on TWMA. Most (88°!0) nest failures were caused by predation from 1984-94; raccoons were the dominant predator. Declining raccoon hunter harvest from 1980-94 was correlated with declining hunter effort. Trapping license sales and trapping harvest also declined. …

Wildlife Damage Control In Kansas: Private Operators And Public Agencies, L. Andrew Madison, Philip S. Gipson

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

The private industry in wildlife damage control is expanding into territory predominantly occupied by public agencies in the past. There is a potential for overlap and competition in services provided by the public and private sectors in Kansas. We examined wildlife damage control activity reports from the Cooperative Extension Service (CES), Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks (IDWP), and private nuisance wildlife control operators (NWCO) to determine the most common species controlled by each and their overlap in services across Kansas. The CES predominantly controlled coyotes (Canis latrans). KDWP primarily controlled beavers (Castor canadensis), deer ( …

Rodent Damage Control In No-Till Corn And Soybean Production, Ron Hikes

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

In recent years the primary cause of reduced plant stands in no-till crops planted into heavy residue has been small eared rodents called voles (Microtus spp.). Past research has indicated that severe stand reductions (80 to 100 percent) can occur if vole populations in the field exceed 75 per hectare (30 per acre) at planting time. This vole population should be considered intense. If field scouting about 30 days prior to planting reveals at least 12 active vole colonies per hectare (five per acre) an intense population can develop, and damage control measures should be planned. Of all …

Closing Remarks: Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference, James E. Miller

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Initially, I want to begin these brief closing remarks by expressing appreciation to Dean Stewart, Phil Mastrangelo, Jim Armstrong, Greg Yarrow, other members of the Program Committee, all of the sponsors, exhibitors, contributors, speakers, and session moderators, and to all of you as participants who helped make this conference successful. As most of you who have ever had the privilege of putting together a conference such as this are well aware, there are always a number of people that are key to the success of the conference who work diligently behind the scenes but are not always recognized. We want …

Efficacy Of Shooting Permits For Deer Damage Abatement In Wisconsin, Rick R. Norton, Scott R. Craven

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

The efficacy of out-of-season shooting permits for deer damage abatement in Wisconsin has not been critically evaluated. We used deer damage shooting permits to remove 21 antlerless deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from 7 heavily damaged alfalfa fields to evaluate subsequent impact on crop damage. Volunteer shooters, using permits issued to the landowners, hunted a minimum of 3 nights/week throughout the growth of the third alfalfa crop (Aug. 1 - late Sept.). We calculated the difference between the assessed damage to the second crop (untreated) and the third crop (treated) on treatment and control farms. We found no significant difference …

A Historical Perspective Of Catfish Production In The Southeast In Relation To Avian Predation, Donald F. Mott, Martin W. Brunson

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Production of aquaculture species, especially catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in the Mississippi Delta, is a relatively new and expanding industry. Catfish production represents the largest dollar value of the aquaculture industry, accounting for approximately 50% of the entire industry. Mississippi is responsible for 82% of the total U.S. catfish production. Fish-eating bird populations have capitalized on this new food source. Double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax sauritus), great blue herons (Ardea herodias) , and great egrets (Casmerodius albus) are the primary predators on catfish. Cormorant caused losses in excess of $2 million per year have been …

Survey Of Black Bear Depredation In Agriculture In Massachusetts, Sandra A. Jonker, James A. Parkhurst

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Black bear (Ursus americanus) depredation in agriculture has become an increasing concern in Massachusetts. Complaints from apiarists, corn growers, and livestock producers have increased 167% during the period 1980 to 1990, but whether this increase truly represents more depredation, response of bears to other factors, or simply better reporting/record keeping has not been determined. The bear population in Massachusetts from 1984 to 1989 increased 50°/a to approximately 700-750 animals statewide. Subsequent estimates (1995) have placed the bear population around 1,200 animals. Concurrent encroachment of human development into prime bear habitat also increased contact between bears and humans. During …

Extirpation Of A Recently Established Feral Pig Population In Kansas, Chad D. Richardson, Philip S. Gipson, David P. Jones, James C. Luchsinger

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Most feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are descendants of domestic swine that have gone wild and their reproduction is uncontrolled by man. A few populations may be descendants of European wild boar or crosses between wild boar and domestic swine. Disease control officials report that 23 states have established populations of feral pigs and the total feral pig population in the United States is probably in excess of 2 million animals. A population of feral pigs was documented in the fall of 1993 on the Fort Riley Military Installation in northeastern Kansas. Biologists from the Fort Riley Natural Resources …

Can Predator Trapping Improve Waterfowl Recruitment In The Prairie Pothole Region?, Frank C. Rohwer, Pamela R. Garrettson, Ben J. Mense

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

We contrasted nest success for control areas and experimental areas in eastern North Dakota where we employed professionals to trap mammalian nest predators from late March to late July. In 1995, dabbling ducks averaged 53% nest success on four treatment blocks of 4,150 ha each; whereas on four control areas upland nesting ducks averaged 24% success. Diving duck nest success averaged 57% on experimental areas and 29% on control areas. American coot (Fulica americana) nest success also improved on experimental areas, but blackbird nesting and fledging success were not affected by the treatment. In 1994, nest success of …

Mississippi's Beaver Control Assistance Program, 1989-1994, Philip Mastrangelo

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Responding to landowner requests, the 1989 Mississippi Legislature created the Beaver Control Advisory Hoard and mandated it to develop a program which would ensure the control of beaver damage throughout Mississippi. The Advisory Board is comprised of the administrative heads of five state agencies: the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks (chairperson), the Department of Transportation, the Cooperative Extension Service, the Forestry Commission, and the Department of Agriculture and Commerce. In cooperation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control (ADC) program, the Advisory Board developed the Beaver Control Assistance Program (BCAP). …

The Professional Evolution Of Wildlife Damage Management, James E. Miller

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

The terns -- wildlife damage management, in lieu of animal damage control, vertebrate pest control, or nuisance animal control -- has become the currently recognized term for an area of wildlife management that a growing number of professionals spend a significant part of their time and/or career working in. The acceptance of this terminology is, however, a part of the continuing evolution of the profession and not simply a name change for political correctness. Admittedly, my purpose is not to validate or beg acceptance of this terminology. Rather, what I hope to do is to justify the underlying premise of …

Black Bear Damage In The Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Thomas H. White Jr., Catherine C. Shropshire, Mike Staten

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

We surveyed 62 hunting clubs in the batture of the Mississippi River in Arkansas and Mississippi to determine the extent and severity of black bear (Ursus americanus) damage. Bear damage was more prevalent in Arkansas (70.6%) than in Mississippi (11.8%). Damage to deer- stands was most common (43.8%), followed by damage to buildings (22.9%), getting in garbage (12.5%) and damage to wildlife food plots (10.4%). Cost estimates of bear damage averaged approximately $40 per incident over the past 5 years. Most (90.9%) clubs rated bear damage as either a slight nuisance or not important at this time, and …

Black Bear Damage Management In Washington State, Georg J. Ziegltrum, Dale L. Nolte

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Black bears (Ursus americanus) foraging on trees can be extremely detrimental to the health and economic value of a timber stand. A supplemental feeding program to reduce bear damage is coordinated by the Washington Forest Protection Association's Animal Damage Control Program (ADCP). A brief overview of the ADCP is provided along with a description of bear damage and the supplemental feeding program. Success of the feeding program is demonstrated by an increasing participation and its general acceptance by the public. Timber producers placed over 400 thousand pounds of pellets in 700 feeding stations this past year.

Blackbirds And Starlings Killed At Winter Roosts From Pa-14 Applications, 1974-1992: Implications For Regional Population Management, Richard A. Dolbeer, Donald F. Mott, Jerrold L. Belant

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

The surfactant PA-14, registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1973 by the federal Animal Damage Control (ADC) program, was used for 19 years (1974-1992) for lethal control of roosting blackbirds (Icterinae) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in the United States. In 1992, the ADC program withdrew the registration of PA-14 because of costs required to provide additional EPA-requested data. There were 83 roosts encompassing 178 ha treated with 33,300 L of PA-14 from 1974-1992. An estimated 38.2 million birds (48% common grackles [Quiscalus quiscula], 30% European starlings, 13% red-winged blackbirds [Agelaius phoeniceus …

Proceedings Of The Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference, James B. Armstrong - Editor

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Table of Contents

Comparison Of Predation Rates On Wild Turkey Hens Between Two Forest Ecosystems In Mississippi, Michael J. Chamberlain, Darken A. Miller, Bruce D. Leopold, George A. Hurst

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Because of increases in predator populations, concern has arisen about effects on wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo ) populations. We examined differences in predation of adult hens between 2 forested areas in Mississippi. Twin Oaks Wildlife Management Area (OAKS), located in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, is a 2,302 ha tract of mature bottomland hardwood forest surrounded on 3 sides by soybean fields. Tallahala Wildlife Management Area (TWMA) is a 14,410 ha mixed forest in central Mississippi and is part of a large, forested ecosystem. Hens were captured, fitted with transmitters, and monitored by telemetry, 1990-1994 on TWMA (n = …

Prey Availability And Selection By Mountain Lions In Aravaipa-Klondyke Area Of Arizona, Stan C. Cunning

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Prey selection by mountain lions (Felis concolor) in the Aravaipa-Klondyke area (2,000 km) in southeastern Arizona was studied from February 1991 through September 1993. Overall diet from frequency of occurrence as determined from 370 scats was: 48% deer (white-tailed and mule deer combined), 34% cattle, 17% javelinas, 6% rabbit (cottontail and jackrabbit), 4% rodent, and 2% desert bighorn. Using a correction factor developed by Ackerman et al. (1984), we also estimated percent biomass and proportion of individuals killed. With respect to biomass consumed, cattle was 44%, deer 40%, javelinas 10.9%, rabbits 2.9%, and rodents 0.02%. Based on weights …

Evaluation Of The Yard Gard Ultrasonic Yard Protector For Repelling White-Tailed Deer, Paul D. Curtis

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Ultrasonic devices are marketed for pest control because some manufacturers believe they possess properties aversive to animals. However, there is little evidence that ultrasound is more aversive to animals than is audible sound. In this study, we examined the efficacy of the Yard Gard ultrasonic device for deterring deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from feeding on apples. Four deer feeding stations were established at private residential properties with a history of deer damage to ornamental plants, so that control (A I and B 1) and experimental (A2 and 132) stations existed at each site. Apples were placed at each feeding …

Beaver Impacts On Timber On The Chauga River Drainage In South Carolina, J. Rickie Dams, Judy A. Barnes, George E. Ward, David Van Leak, David C. Guynn Jr., C. Andy Dolloff, Mark Hijdy

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Even though beavers (Castor canadensis carolinensis) occur over most of the southeastern United States, the impacts of increasing beaver populations on riparian forests within the southern Appalachian mountains are. not been well documented. Long-tenor browsing and inundation by beaver may alter the composition and structure of riparian forests. A survey of 62 streams (74 mi) within the Chauga River drainage in the mountains of South Carolina was conducted during 1991-1992 to determine the level of beaver activity within the drainage and the amount of timber damaged by beaver activities. Thirty-six streams had evidence of significant beaver activity with …

Apple Production, Vole Control, And Wild Turkeys: Finding A Balance In Vermont, Richard B. Chipman, Dennis Slate, Abigail J. Duke, Lorraine Berkett, Douglas Blodgett

Seventh Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference (1995)

Meadow voles (Crotus pennsylvanicus) and pine voles (Crotus inetorum) cause extensive damage to apple trees by gnawing and girdling trunk and root systems. In 1991, approximately 70% of Vermont's 90 commercial apple producers were using zinc phosphide (ZP) treated cracked corn to manage vole damage. From November 1991 throughout January 1992, 36 confirmed wild turkey deaths were attributed to the broadcast application of ZP treated cracked coin in Vermont orchards. As a result of public concern regarding impacts to nontarget wild turkeys, a working group was formed with representation of various state and federal agencies as …