Environmental Health and Protection Commons^™

Predation Of Upland Game And Its Management, Roger Wells

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

There is probably no greater topic that elicits greater emotion in public wildlife discussions than that of predation. A variety of groups each with their own particular special interest surround the topic.

Some advocate complete protection of predators on the premise that their activities merely result in a "balance of nature." The opposite viewpoint argue just as strongly for the total elimination of Predators of valued wildlife in order to have greater number for man's enjoyment.

The Challenge Of Cost-Benefit Determinations In Bird Damage Control Programs, Richard A. Dolbeer

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Birds cause damage to a variety of crops in North America and, at least for blackbirds feeding on corn, there are fairly accurate estimates of the amount of damage that occurs (Stone et al. 1972, Stickley et al. 1979). To combat these depredation problems, a variety of management tools (cultural methods, mechanical scare devices, chemical toxicants, and repellents)have been developed and are routinely recommended to farmers. Unfortunately, little effort has gone into examing the anticipated or actual losses in relation to the effectiveness and costs of the recommended damage control programs.

Solving Urban Problems Associated With Small Animals, Sharon Whitten

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Small animals have been drawn into the urban setting, and as a consequence of their contact with man their populations are growing. The result of this growth is damage to man's property. We must take steps to reduce damage caused by wildlife in urban areas.

Political And Sociological Aspects Of Wildlife Damage Control, Walter E. Howard

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I greatly appreciate being invited to the 1979 Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control workshop - especially being your dinner speaker. The climate of public opinion developed from the ecology movement in the western world implies that everything chemical is unnatural and bad, while anything biological is intrinsically desirable. Vertebrate pest control faces a very emotional climate, thanks to government actions and many organizations seeking to profit fran keeping it that way. Unfortunately Americans have been indoctrinated to think that the present vertebrate pest control methodology is archaic and inhumane, that the field attracts those who are killers at heart, and …

New Approaches To Alleviating Migratory Bird Damage, Orvis C. Gustad

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The title of "New Approaches to Alleviating Migratory Bird Damage" does not encompass the broad array of efforts being made through research, but rather is limited to new efforts being made through our Animal Damage Control operational program. My primary emphasis will be on the "Lure Crop" approach. The standard Service approach to resolving migratory bird depredation problems has been to conduct field demonstrations and provide information and materials for moving the birds away from the damage site.

Using Extension Methodology In Prairie Dog Management, Lloyd K. Cheatheam

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

At the turn of the century, Texas' 'black-tailed prairie dog was probably the State's most abundant wildlife species. Bailey estimated the population at 800,000,000 animals in 1905. He also described a single colony that was 100 miles wide and 250 miles long, from San Angelo, Texas to Clarendon, Texas. During this period, other authors described riding by horseback for several days through a single colony. Settlers of this area, wishing to raise cattle, had to first control the prairie dog. My good friend, G.IJ. "Shorty" Kennedy, a retired ranch foreman and an octgenarian, described these historical control methods to me.

Predation On Nesting Waterfowl In The Glaciated Prairie Pothole Region, Raymond Greenwood

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Increased duck production is a primary goal of management on federal Waterfowl Production Areas and many National Wildlife Refuges in the glaciated Prairie Pothole Region. Considerable effort is expended to manage many of those areas for increased duck nesting success. Predation often reduces the effectiveness of many waterfowl management practices and results in lowered production of young by local waterfowl populations. Recent studies on upland nesting ducks in the Prairie Pothole Region of North and South Dakota show that up to 18 percent of the nesting hens, 20-90 percent of the eggs, and a significant though undetermined number of ducklings …

How To Evaluate Wildlife Damage Control Programs, Orvis Gustad

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I did not volunteer to substitute for Bill Pfeifer on the subject of "How to Evaluate Predator Control Programs" as an expert on this subject, but rather to: 1) point out that we recognize the need for good base information for describing effectiveness; and 2) relay how the Service's Animal Damage Control Program proposes to obtain it.

How Wildlife Damge Control Personnel Can Cope With The Gas Shortage And Reduced Budgets, Yet Still Meet The Needs Of The Public, Volney W. Howard Jr.

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

As I see the situation, we are really addressing a two-sided issue -- one involves actual field personnel, such as Animal Damage Control (ADC), and the other contains those involved in extension. Some potential solutions which may be beneficial for one group may not be applicable to the problems encountered by the other. ADC Personnel. The field personnel are faced with increased fuel costs and static or decreased travel budgets. In addition, there is rumor of a 10 to 15% mandatory decrease in gasoline consumption on a per-month-basis by ADC employees in New Mexico. I assume that ADC personnel in …

New Developments In Rodenticides, William B. Jackson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Rodenticides have become the "standard" for rodent control, and Anti-coagulants have been the quid pro quo. For three decades warfarin(and other dicoumarols) and then the indandiones have been the control element for commensal rodents. However, excessive and indiscriminant uses have selected for resistant populations of Norway rats, roof rats, and house mice in many parts of the U.S. (Jackson and Ashton, 1979). Though resistance is often referenced to warfarin, it is a cross-resistance to all of the currently available, "first-generation" anticoagulants.

Program Planning For Extension Wildlife Damge Control - Bird Damage, Ron J. Johnson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Bird damage problems occur throughout the Great Plains States, and these problems often confront extension personnel. Knowledge of what problems occur in the various states and how they are handled may help us better pool efforts toward finding solutions. Shared information may also show patterns that exist or new problems emerging that might require increased attention in the future.

Use Of Starlicide In Pigeon Control, Lester B. Kreps

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Feral pigeons, problem birds common to most American cities and farms, are descendants of the Rock Dove (Columba 1ivia)of North Africa and Europe. They were brought to America as domestic poultry by the first European settlers and have since escaped. They are not truly 'wild", as their existence depends upon man's activities. An adult pigeon will eat about a pound of food a week, consisting primarily of grain spilled around elevators, railroad yards and feedlots or fed by pigeon lovers.

Control Of Urban Blackbird And Starling Roosts, Ron Ogden

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Blackbirds and starlings often establish large fall and winter roosts in areas where their presence is objectionable because of potential health, economic, and/or nuisance problems. Roosts of more than a million birds are not uncommon. Red-winged blackbirds (Agelphoeniceus), common grackles (Quiscalus cuiscula), brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) make up most of the roosts populations.

Vertebrate Animal Damage Control: Summary Of Panel Discussion And Committee Review, Dale A. Wade

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

It is clearly evident that the program planning committee for this national workshop recognized vertebrate animal damage and its control as one of the most difficult problems with which we deal in resource management. Perhaps no other topic is more controversial since it encompasses all of the biological, social, economic and political factors, with emotion and opinions frequently weighed more heavily than fact.

A Discussion Of The Renewable Resources Extension Programf, Merrill L. Petoskey

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The Extension programs of the Department of Agricultrue and of each state are expected to provide useful and productive educational programs, for private forest and range and owners, processors, consumptive and non-consumptive users of the renewable resources produced from these lands. These educational activities are also expected to complement research and assistance programs conducted by the Department of Agriculture.

Problems Registering Certain Rodenticides, Kenneth Seyler

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

My comments today will be in regards to rodenticides we utilize in Montana for field rodent control. These rodenticides are strychnine, sodium monofluoracetate (1080), and zinc phosphide used for Columbian ground squirrel, prairie dog, Richardson ground squirrel, and pocket gopher damage control.

Extension Education Within The U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Dan Stiles

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

What I want to accomplish today is to discuss: a little about the organization of Extension Education within the Fish and Wildlife Service; our progress and plans; something about extension and animal damage control; some philosophical observations and comments, and lastly, a look toward the future.

Research And Teaching Needs In Wildlife Damage Control And Prevention, W. Alan Wentz

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Wildlife damage control is a fairly unique part of wildlife management. But you will notice that I said it is a part of wildlife management. I believe that too many of today's wildlife managers, professors, and administrators look at this aspect of our profession as something different, something outside of management,... something to stay away from. Wildlife damage control is a part of wildlife management and it is, perhaps, one of the most basic aspects of our profession. In fact, I would guess that nearly every professional wildlife worker has at one time or another been involved in wildlife damage …

Rangeland Management Problems Associated With Wildlife From A Rangeman's Viewpoint, Paul D. Ohlenbusch

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Rangeland is the largest renewable natural resource of the Great Plains states. It supplies forage for the livestock industry (together with tame pasture), habitat for wildlife, water for man and animals, beauty and pleasure for everyone and an economic base for many rural communities. In short, it is many things to many people.

Table Of Contents

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Table of contents

Impact Of Plains Pocket Gophers On Forage Production, Ronald M. Case, James L. Stubbendieck, Dale G. Luce

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The presence of pocket gophers on rangeland and farmland is highly visible due to the earth mounds which they build. The nuisance impact of their mounds and acknowledged long-term beneficial effects on soil (Laycock and Richardson 1975) result in a value which is debatable. The impact of various species of Thomomys on herbage production of rangelands has been widely reported (Fitch and Bentley 1949; Richens 1965; Turner 1969; Laycock and Richardson 1975; Alsager 1977). However, besides our studies in Nebraska, we could find no literature concerning the effect of Geomys on forage production and no literature concerning the effect of …

Ground Squirrels In The Great Plains, Bennett A. Brown

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

There are 22 recognized species of ground squirrels in North America (Jones et al. 1975). All belong to the genera Spermophilus or Ammospermophilus. Some species contain as many as 14 subspecies, or races. In many cases, these subspecies are distinguished not only by morphological or distributional characters, but by behavioral differences and varying ecological strategies, as well. These latter frequently impact on the efficacy of various control methods.

Distribution Of Phytoplankton In Nebraska Lakes, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Protection of the environment requires effective regulatory actions which are based on ssound technical and scientific information. This information must include the quantitative description and linking of pollutant sources, transport mechanisms, interactions, and resulting effects on man and his environment. Because of the complexities involved, assessment of specific pollutants in the environment requires a total systems approach which transcends the media of air, water, and land. The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas contributes to the formation and enhancement of a sound monitoring data base for exposure assessment through programs designed to:

• develop and optimize systems and strategies for monitoring …

"The Global Hope Is Around": An Incident At Salem Sound, K. W. Mathews

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

On February 6, 1978, in the midst of the worst blizzard to hit the Northeast in 100 years, the 682-foot Greek tanker GLOBAL HOPE with more than 340,000 gallons of oil aboard, dragged her anchor and grounded in Salem Sound, Massachusetts, about 15 miles from downtown Boston. An estimated 83,000 gallons of oil escaped the stricken vessel to be deposited on two of the most historic and picturesque coastlines of Massachusetts. Some 2.4 million dollars were expended from the federal pollution fund in cleanup efforts. This paper relates the chronology of events and examines peculiar problems, planning, and response activities …

The Status Of The Endrin Rpar, Kyle R. Barbehenn

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The Agency's "Preliminary Determination" published in the Federal Register on November 2, 1978 proposed that the use of endrin to control voles in apple orchards be continued providing that several modifications in the label be made. What I would like to discuss briefly are (1) some of the bases for the decision, (2), one of the new requirements, and (3) comments received from the Office of Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife service.

Impacts Of Amended Pesticide Statutes On Requirements For Registration Of Products For The Control Of Voles In Orchards, William W. Jacobs, Raymond W. Matheny

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) has recently been amended by the passage of The Federal Pesticide Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-396, passed September 30, 1978). While many aspects of the FIFRA have been amended, the changes of most immediate relevance to those interested in developing data in support of products used in the control of orchard voles are the authorities given the EPA Administrator to grant conditional registrations and to waive efficacy data requirements.

The Vole Control Program That Is Too Expensive, John E. Crumpacker

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

We have had some success for the past two years in controlling voles on a commercial scale at our orchards in Virginia. For years, vole control would vary from not acceptable to marginal control using various cultural methods and using ground sprays, such as Endrin and Chlorophacinone.

Preliminary Results Of Two Research Projects In New York, Jonathan Bart, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In the fall of 1977, New York fruit growers in the state's Hudson Valley region were given a temporary permit to use endrin in an effort to curb an increasing vole damage problem. The approval of endrin for this use was the first such large scale release of a chemical in this class since the banning in 1971 of most chlorinated hydrocarbons in this state. With approval for limited use came the obligation to monitor the Hudson Valley region for 1) efficacy of the material, 2) non-target effects on aquatic and terrestrial wildlife and 3) persistence in the orchard environment. …

Results Of Pine Vole Control Studies In 1978, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Broadcast treatments of a number of anticoagulant baits were found to be effective for the control of pine voles in orchards. Rates necessary for good control were: Volak - 15 lbs/A; Bromodiolone 15 lbs/A; Rozol - 20 lbs/A; two applications of Ramik-Brown - 20 lbs/A each. At least 3 days of good weather appeared to be required for good vole control. Cellophane packeted baits of Volak placed at each tree in vole runways under cinder blocks gave excellent control. Bait remained in excellent condition for long periods of time or until opened by voles. An electromagnetic device was evaluated for …

Impact Of Spacing Behavior And Predation On Population Growth In Meadow Voles, Dale M. Madison

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Free-ranging, sexually mature meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were tracked using radiotelemetry from June through August 1974, 1975 and 1978. Up to 20 voles were monitored concurrently to derive estimates of intraspecific spacing and natural predation in an effort to clarify processes involved in the limitation of population growth. The daily ranges of the males, as compared to those of the females, were larger, more variable in size, and changed location more from one day to the next. Adult females usually maintained territories free of other females; males overlapped considerably among themselves. Males temporarily moved into the areas occupied by estrous …