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Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection
A Progression Of Avian Radar Studies At Airfields, Edward J. Zakrajsek, Carolyn Matkovich, Andreas Smith
A Progression Of Avian Radar Studies At Airfields, Edward J. Zakrajsek, Carolyn Matkovich, Andreas Smith
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
We used our Mobile Avian Radar Systems on two different projects this past year. A study at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, used the old configuration, with a vertical-scanning radar and our image-processing technique. A study at Vancouver International Airport, B.C. used the new configuration with both vertical and surveillance radars and our new radar data processing technique. The Robins study was a preliminary assessment of seasonal bird-hazards, especially regarding the altitude distribution of birds near the airfield. Data was collected. The Vancouver study was a preliminary survey and system evaluation for the development of a real- time, dedicated Airport …
Progress Report On Development Of A Terminal Area Bird Detection And Monitoring System Using The Asr-9, Seth Troxel, Beth Echels, Will Pughe, Mark Weber
Progress Report On Development Of A Terminal Area Bird Detection And Monitoring System Using The Asr-9, Seth Troxel, Beth Echels, Will Pughe, Mark Weber
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Lincoln Laboratory has been tasked by the FAA to investigate utilization of existing terminal area surveillance radars as the basis for a real-time, automated bird hazard advisory system for the immediate airport vicinity. With its on-airport siting and rapid scan rate, the ASR-9 is a logical choice as the primary sensor for the Terminal Avian Hazard Advisory System (TAHAS). Using multi-dimensional image processing and fuzzy logic techniques, a bird-flock detection module that operates on ASR-9 data has been developed and was described at last year's conference. Refinements to the flock detection module are ongoing. Recent efforts have focused on detection …
Advances In Radar Technology For Bird Strike Risk Assessment, T. Adam Kelly, Ronald Merritt, Ronald L. White, Mark Howera, Timothy West
Advances In Radar Technology For Bird Strike Risk Assessment, T. Adam Kelly, Ronald Merritt, Ronald L. White, Mark Howera, Timothy West
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Since the 2001 BSC meeting in Calgary, Geo-Marine, Inc. has made dramatic advances in the development of avian radar systems. The Mobile Avian Radar System (MARS) has undergone major revisions. New radar processor cards provide the computer workstations with higher resolution data than was previously possible. The system now incorporates both horizontal- and vertical-scanning radars. The vertical scanning radar antenna now includes a shield to reduce side-lobe interference. Significant improvements have been made in ground clutter and weather reduction algorithms. The system has been tested for use in real-time monitoring of bird hazards on airports. GMI is currently working with …
Strides In Bird Hazard Control At Entebbe International Airport, Gloria Korabo Bitebekezi
Strides In Bird Hazard Control At Entebbe International Airport, Gloria Korabo Bitebekezi
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
The location of Entebbe International Airport within the Entebbe peninsula bird sanctuary would make it one of the most bird-strike prone airports in the world. However the airport actually has a relatively clean strike record. Since 1998, the number of bird strike incidents that caused damage to aircraft has been on the decline. This paper illustrates the methods used at Entebbe International Airport and their effectiveness in controlling different species of birds.
Evaluation And Mitigation Of Bird Hazards In Ex-Vaso De Texcoco: The Proposed Site Of A New International Airport For Mexico City, Edward C. Cleary
Evaluation And Mitigation Of Bird Hazards In Ex-Vaso De Texcoco: The Proposed Site Of A New International Airport For Mexico City, Edward C. Cleary
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
If Mexico is to meet increasing demands for air travel, a new international airport for Mexico City must be constructed. At the request of the Secretaria de Comunicaciones y Transportes (SCT), we evaluated Ex-Vaso de Texcoco (EVT), one of several sites considered for construction of the new airport, to determine if birds would pose an unacceptable risk to aircraft. Aerial (by helicopter) and ground surveys were conducted on 6 occasions during fall and winter from 1996-2002 to census birds and evaluate aquatic habitats at EVT and other locations in the Valley of Mexico. Total populations estimates for waterfowl and shorebirds …
The Evolution Of Transport Canada’S Wildlife Management And Planning Program, Bruce Mackinnon, Kristi Russell
The Evolution Of Transport Canada’S Wildlife Management And Planning Program, Bruce Mackinnon, Kristi Russell
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
As a follow-up to a paper presented at International Bird Strike Committee meeting #23 in 1996, discussing Transport Canada’s emphasis on education and awareness programs as a means to reduce bird hazards to aircraft, this paper will describe significant changes that have occurred in Canada since that time. The 1994 Government of Canada National Airports Policy led to the devolution of Canada’s major airports. Private sector airport authorities now operate these airports and Transport Canada’s focus has shifted from management by policy to one of regulatory oversight. In addition to building on the awareness program that was in place in …
Aspects Of The Feeding Ecology Of Avifauna At An Inland Airport, South Africa, Ordino Kok, Lettie Kok
Aspects Of The Feeding Ecology Of Avifauna At An Inland Airport, South Africa, Ordino Kok, Lettie Kok
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Bloemfontein airport, situated in the central Free State, experiences the greatest number of bird-aircraft collisions at South African airports, relative to its (low) air traffic. In an attempt to rectify the situation, aspects of the feeding ecology of birds presenting a potential hazard at the airport were investigated. Plant surveys indicated that the study area can be classified as a dry Cymbopogon – Themeda veld type in a relatively good condition. Using 270 pitfall traps over a continuous period of 15 months, it was established that more than twice as many ground-living invertebrates, mainly insects, occurred in grass kept permanently …
Potential Of Grass-Endophytes As A Bird Deterrent: Concept Testing With Canada Geese, Chris G. L. Pennell, Phil Rolston
Potential Of Grass-Endophytes As A Bird Deterrent: Concept Testing With Canada Geese, Chris G. L. Pennell, Phil Rolston
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Problems caused by birds in the agricultural, horticultural, recreational and the aviation industries are escalating world wide as man develops environments that are attractive to birds. Chemical repellents, bird scarers, and exclusion netting are being used to keep birds away by taste, fright and containment. Habitat management using grasses with selected endophytes may be a new tool for minimizing bird nuisance problems in these industries. Canada geese (Branta Canadensis) were offered selected ryegrass/endophyte Neotyphodium lolli seed and herbage to examine the effects of known endophyte alkaloids on their feeding behavior in 2000-2001. Forty geese were captured annually, contained …
Management Of Rodent Populations At Airports, Gary W. Witmer, Jessica Dewey
Management Of Rodent Populations At Airports, Gary W. Witmer, Jessica Dewey
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Birds pose serious hazards at U.S. airports. Raptors are hazardous to aircraft safety due to their size, hunting behavior, and hovering/soaring habits. Abundant food sources, open space, and availability of perches at or near airports contribute to ideal hunting opportunities for many raptors. The ability to directly manage raptor populations is limited by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Reduction of small mammal populations at an airport may decrease raptor populations in the area and therefore, reduce the risk that raptors pose to aircraft. Rodents can be managed by population management or by habitat management. Reduction of small rodent populations can …
Conducting An Economical Wildlife Hazard Assessment Using A Wildlife Incursion Log (Poster), Elizabeth Rogers, David Tiller
Conducting An Economical Wildlife Hazard Assessment Using A Wildlife Incursion Log (Poster), Elizabeth Rogers, David Tiller
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Small and moderate-sized airports face increasing financial constraints. A need for a wildlife hazard assessment can represent a real financial hardship. We describe how a wildlife incursion log maintained by airport personnel can provide an economical means of assessing wildlife hazards in a rural landscape. Using such a log with records for 208 days, we created a relational database that could be analyzed with simple summary statistics. Using the incursion log, we examined seasonal shifts in average daily incursions (such as increased sandhill cranes in the spring), persistent year- round presence of some species (such as American crow), and the …
Compliance With Wildlife Hazard Regulations: An Air Carrier’S Perspective, Vern Berry
Compliance With Wildlife Hazard Regulations: An Air Carrier’S Perspective, Vern Berry
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
As a safety professional at Evergreen International Airlines, I have first-hand experience of the damage caused by wildlife. Seven major bird strikes have cost Evergreen approximately $20 million in damages and lost revenue over a 5-year period. These events often occurred during critical phases of flight. For example, one Evergreen B-747 suffered severe damage to engine and pylon structure with subsequent loss of control during climb. You cannot train for every possible aircraft failure induced by bird strikes. The time will come, with or without the collection of additional bird-strike statistics, when damage from a bird strike will exceed the …
Mandatory Strike Reporting: The Time Has Come, Paul Eschenfelder
Mandatory Strike Reporting: The Time Has Come, Paul Eschenfelder
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
The reporting of wildlife collisions with aircraft in almost all places, worldwide, is voluntary. As a result data with which to design, manufacture and operate aircraft to mitigate this hazard is poor. Voluntary reporting of strikes has resulted in data collection rates in the USA of around 20%, and only about 9% of the reported strikes contain complete data on bird species. Aviation manufacturers also agree that collection of strike data is difficult, incomplete and without an industry best practice. Air carriers, when research is done, are amazed to find that strike rates may be eight times higher than their …
Development And Maintenance Of Airport Wildlife Hazard Mitigation Website For The Faa And Its Use As A Communication Tool, Archie M. Dickey, Allen R. Newman
Development And Maintenance Of Airport Wildlife Hazard Mitigation Website For The Faa And Its Use As A Communication Tool, Archie M. Dickey, Allen R. Newman
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
The Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) William J. Hughes Technical Center has contracted with Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Prescott to develop and maintain a website dealing with a variety of issues and concerns related to wildlife and aviation. Our goal is to increase the transfer of information among biologists and the aviation community regarding the nature of wildlife hazards to aircraft and methods for reducing these hazards. The site has an on-line wildlife strike report form (FAA Form 5200-7) which also enables users submitting strike reports to access information on wildlife management, bird identification, FAA guidelines, and strike statistics. A query system has …
Influence Of The Bash Phase Ii Program On Reduction Of Birdstrikes To Air Mobility Command Aircraft, Brian D. Oswalt
Influence Of The Bash Phase Ii Program On Reduction Of Birdstrikes To Air Mobility Command Aircraft, Brian D. Oswalt
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
The purpose of the proposed study was to examine the reduction of birdstrikes to aircraft during the Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Phase II flight restriction periods and their affect on Air Mobility Command (AMC) and the U.S. Air Force (USAF). This study sampled the entire population of AMC airfields with BASH Phase II flight restrictions. The test period consisted of damaging birdstrike data collected 5 years before BASH Phase II operations began (1991-1995), and the years during BASH Phase II (1996-2000). It was hypothesized that since the implementation of BASH Phase II flight restrictions, there had been no significant …
Bird Hazard Control Program At Panama Airports, Esteban Godinez
Bird Hazard Control Program At Panama Airports, Esteban Godinez
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
ICAO Bird Information System (IBIS) has been conduced at Panama airports since 1996. Bird strike notifications, technical reports as well as wildlife control procedures have been developing as essential roles of the National Bird Hazard Committee and its Wildlife Limitation Programs. Sixty-four (64) bird strikes with different aircraft were recorded and sent to ICAO so far, while an additional 154 collisions (71%) were not reported to ICAO because of the failure to determine the aircraft involved. Among the birds struck at airports, the most outstanding species are the common barn owl (Tyto alba) and the black vulture (Coragyps …
The Brazilian Civil Aviation Department (Dac) And Bird Strike Control In Brazil, Jandrisson Gurgel Do Amaral Jr.
The Brazilian Civil Aviation Department (Dac) And Bird Strike Control In Brazil, Jandrisson Gurgel Do Amaral Jr.
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
The subject addressed in this paper is the participation of Brazilian Civil Aviation Department (DAC), and more specifically the Air Accident Investigation and Prevention Division (DIPAA) in the efforts regarding civil aircraft bird strike control in Brazil. In order to successfully achieve this intent, this paper will briefly introduce the recordings of civil aircraft bird collision registered in Brazilian Civil Aviation Department, reported by the civil aviation community (airliners, air operators, airport staff, general aviation personnel, ATC, etc.). In addition, the paper will outline the dimension of the bird strike hazard encountered by the civil fleet operating in Brazilian skies …
Efficacy Of Aircraft Landing Lights In Stimulating Avoidance Behavior In Birds, Bradley F. Blackwell, Glen E. Bernhardt
Efficacy Of Aircraft Landing Lights In Stimulating Avoidance Behavior In Birds, Bradley F. Blackwell, Glen E. Bernhardt
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
A potential non-lethal technique to reduce bird-aircraft collisions, aircraft-mounted light, has been considered for nearly 3 decades, but has received no formal research as to its efficacy. We tested the hypothesis that during daylight hours birds exposed to an approaching vehicle exhibiting pulsing landing lights would react more quickly than birds experiencing an on-coming vehicle with non-pulsing (steady) or no lights (control). We used the PulseliteTM system (Precise Flight, Inc., Bend, Oregon, USA), an early recognition lighting system that allows an aircraft pilot to pulse the landing, taxi, or forward-facing recognition lights, and 2 General Electric sealed-beam 250-W aircraft …
Effects Of Location And Phase Of Flight On The Behavioral Responses Of Birds To Aircraft: Preliminary Observations, T. C. Kelly, M. J. A. O'Callaghan, P. D. Bourke, L. Buurma, R. Bolger
Effects Of Location And Phase Of Flight On The Behavioral Responses Of Birds To Aircraft: Preliminary Observations, T. C. Kelly, M. J. A. O'Callaghan, P. D. Bourke, L. Buurma, R. Bolger
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Based on an earlier classification of avoidance movements shown by birds to moving aircraft (Kelly et al. 2001), we have studied the evading maneuvers of the rook (Corvus frugilegus) in relation to the phase of flight of air traffic at Dublin Airport, Ireland. The percentage of individuals which did not show avoidance movements was almost identical for approach/landing and take-off /climb-out movements. However, the nature of the avoiding-response in relation to the phase of flight was different. Thus 78% of responses were “Simple” in the approach/landing flight phase whereas only 5% were in this category during take-off. On …
Translocating Common Nighthawks At Mcconnell Air Force Base, Kansas To Reduce Aircraft Strikes, John L. Cummings, Patricia A. Pochop, James E. Davis, Darryl L. York
Translocating Common Nighthawks At Mcconnell Air Force Base, Kansas To Reduce Aircraft Strikes, John L. Cummings, Patricia A. Pochop, James E. Davis, Darryl L. York
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
McConnell Air Force Base (MAFB) experiences a unique bird/aircraft hazard problem with migrating common nighthawks (Chordeiles minor) from August-October. Nighthawks are the most commonly struck species at MAFB, representing about 38% of total reported bird/aircraft strikes and 82% of the strikes from August-October. Factors that contribute to an over abundance of nighthawks on MAFB are: abundant foraging opportunities in close proximity to the airfield, available roosting habitat for nighthawks on and around the airfield, the lack of a Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard program to address nighthawks, and the location of MAFB on a nighthawk migration route. Approaches for …
Efficacy Of Translocation Of Red-Tailed Hawks From Airports, Laurence M. Schafer, John L. Cummings, John A. Yunger, Kirk E. Gustad
Efficacy Of Translocation Of Red-Tailed Hawks From Airports, Laurence M. Schafer, John L. Cummings, John A. Yunger, Kirk E. Gustad
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Raptor translocation from airport environments is a management strategy that has been recommended and used in attempts to reduce aircraft strikes. However, supportive data are lacking about optimal translocation distance and direction, return rate, post-translocation fate and overall efficacy of the technique. We conducted a study from 1 December 1999 to 28 February 2002, which included satellite telemetry, to address these issues of raptor translocation at a Midwest Airport. Two hundred and fourteen red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) were translocated to 12 sites in Illinois, between 59 and 242 km from the airport. Thirty-four after-hatch-year (AHY) individuals were fitted …
A Small Pond Off-Airfield Provides More Than Water, Nigel Horton
A Small Pond Off-Airfield Provides More Than Water, Nigel Horton
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Land use changes around aerodromes are becoming more problematical as conservation groups increasingly press for eco-friendly restorations, especially of water areas. Often the requirement is to encourage insects or plants or recreational use of such areas. However, these same beneficial features for biodiversity, can enhance the already considerable off-airfield bird attraction. A single case study illustrates the slow, generally unnoticed, development of a small water feature as an attraction to increasing numbers of birds and species over a period of about 10 years. This and a second study reveal how a "must feed the birds" mentality influences local bird populations. …
Environmental Analysis Of Wildlife Hazard Management Programs: Application Of Nepa And Possible Consequences For Implementing New Plans (Poster), Ken Wallace
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
The operating certificate required for airports that accommodate commercial-service air carriers stipulates that the airports be able to conduct safe operations, pursuant to the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. Under Federal Aviation Regulation Part 139, most airports must prepare and implement a wildlife hazard management plan (WHMP) as part of the certification process. Required components of the WHMP include the priorities for needed habitat modification and changes in land use as a result of those modifications. Because habitat modification is often a relatively permanent procedure to reduce wildlife use of airports, it is a preferred method by airport operators for …
Animal Ambush At The Airport: The Extent And Nature Of Non-Bird Wildlife Strikes With Civil Aircraft, Usa, 1990-2001 (Poster), Sandra E. Wright, Richard A. Dolbeer
Animal Ambush At The Airport: The Extent And Nature Of Non-Bird Wildlife Strikes With Civil Aircraft, Usa, 1990-2001 (Poster), Sandra E. Wright, Richard A. Dolbeer
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Birds have long been recognized as a serious threat to aviation safety. However, other wildlife (mammals and reptiles) can also have a serious impact on aircraft. From 1990-2001, 1,029 strikes to civil aircraft involving wildlife other than birds were reported to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Deer (522) and coyotes (115) were the most commonly struck wildlife. Other non-bird species struck included rabbits, woodchucks, turtles, alligators, and iguanas. Whereas 14% of bird strikes resulted in aircraft damage and 9% had a negative effect on the flight, 47% of strikes with other wildlife caused damage and 33% had a negative effect …
Identification Of Batstrikes (Poster), Suzanne C. Peurach
Identification Of Batstrikes (Poster), Suzanne C. Peurach
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Identification of fragmentary evidence such as hairs, bones, and claws that have been recovered from United States Air Force (USAF) aircraft has been undertaken by the Biological Survey Unit (USGS) for the last 5 years. The results of these investigations may be useful in preventing future damaging batstrikes. Examination of batstrikes may also provide valuable information to the scientific research community about patterns in bat migration, flight altitudes, and times of flight. Positive identifications are made by comparing unknown samples with the collection of museum specimens housed in the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History. Macroscopic characters such as …
Successful Use Of Alarm/Alert Call Playback To End Canada Goose Problems At An Ohio Business Park (Poster), Philip C. Whitford
Successful Use Of Alarm/Alert Call Playback To End Canada Goose Problems At An Ohio Business Park (Poster), Philip C. Whitford
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Burgeoning continental resident Canada goose populations have led to increases in aircraft strikes. Once on or near airfields, geese have proven difficult to move and keep away. Playback of naturally recorded alarm and alert calls of the species was coupled with multiple harassment techniques to determine if this strategy would prove effective at removal of long-term resident geese from a 24-ha business park in Dayton, Ohio. The study began 26 February 2002, following territorial establishment by the geese, and continued until the last few geese had abandoned the property as of 14 May 2002. Most geese present were reusing nest …
Development Of Birdstrike Risk Assessment Procedures, Their Use On Airports, And The Potential Benefits To The Aviation Industry, J. R. Allan, A. Orosz, A. Badham, J. Bell
Development Of Birdstrike Risk Assessment Procedures, Their Use On Airports, And The Potential Benefits To The Aviation Industry, J. R. Allan, A. Orosz, A. Badham, J. Bell
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Over the past 2 years, CSL has been involved in the development of formal risk assessment procedures for the birdstrike hazard to aircraft. These risk assessments have now been carried out at all BAA airports in the UK, and the impact of this process on the bird management at the different airports can begin to be assessed. The risk assessment process itself has also been refined over the same period, and calculations made to determine how the various target levels for birdstrike frequency, particularly those which, if not met, require further bird management to be undertaken, relate to absolute levels …
Improving The United States Bird Avoidance Model (Usbam) Predictive Risk Surface, Mark Alexander, Matt Bobo, Russell P. Defusco
Improving The United States Bird Avoidance Model (Usbam) Predictive Risk Surface, Mark Alexander, Matt Bobo, Russell P. Defusco
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
The United States Bird Avoidance Model (USBAM) uses Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to analyze and correlate bird habitat, migration, and breeding characteristics, combined with key environmental and man-made geospatial features. The Application consists of raster grids covering the conterminous USA. The value for each grid pixel location is equivalent to the sum of the mean bird mass (in ounces), for all species present during a particular daily time period, for one of 26 2-week periods in a year. The original USBAM is a desktop application that has an intuitive design and includes separate interfaces for multiple user profiles such …
Implementation Of Gis Technology To Detect Wildlife Hazards At Airports, Michelle L. Gray
Implementation Of Gis Technology To Detect Wildlife Hazards At Airports, Michelle L. Gray
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for displaying spatial data is a well established technique widely used by many professions, especially natural resources. Environmental and engineering departments at many civil and military airports also use GIS to aid in planning new construction and future development. These same techniques can be applied at airports to create maps that visually portray the occurrence and location of wildlife hazardous to aircraft. At Seymour Johnson Air Force Base in North Carolina, USDA Wildlife Services uses this technology to analyze and display wildlife activity on grid maps. Wildlife observations are maintained in a database …
Reported Bird Strikes At Down-State Illinois Airports, Michael W. Rapps
Reported Bird Strikes At Down-State Illinois Airports, Michael W. Rapps
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Land-use restrictions in the vicinity of airports are increasingly employed as a means to reduce bird strikes on aircraft. Yet, in the absence of controlled studies, the link between land usage and bird strikes is largely anecdotal. In seeking a connection between bird strikes and land use, the records of reported bird strikes from the years 1990-2001 were examined for 28 airports in down-state Illinois. For each airport it was noted whether land use within 6 miles of the airports included large bodies of water or wetlands, wildlife sanctuaries, golf courses, landfills, shopping venues with food concessions, or croplands. Because …
Bird Detection And Radar Wind Profilers, Scott Mclaughlin
Bird Detection And Radar Wind Profilers, Scott Mclaughlin
Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 4th (2002)
Radar wind profilers (RWPs) are a very sensitive class of operational and research-grade meteorological radars designed specifically to detect clear air turbulence in the atmosphere. These systems have been designed with frequencies ranging from 50 MHz to 3 GHz and antenna sizes from about 1 m to >1 ha. Unlike NEXRAD systems, the antennas do not move or scan but rather are stationary and use phase-shifter arrangements to point the beam. Using the Doppler-shifted backscatter return, winds profiles can be measured from near the ground to as high as 20 km in 5- to 60-minute intervals. RWPs have been used …