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Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection
Rodenticide Use In Agricultural Crops, Terrell P. Salmon
Rodenticide Use In Agricultural Crops, Terrell P. Salmon
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The in-crop use of pesticides is allowed only after establishment of a crop tolerance with supporting residue data for the crop. Residue data from different regions and pesticide application methods (hand treatment, aerial broadcast, etc.) are required. Most rodenticide uses have been considered as non-crop since they are generally applied in and around rodent burrows and runways. Because of this, rodenticides do not generally have tolerances or residue information for crop use. Recent inquiries by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a review of current rodenticide labels, and new pesticide laws, suggest the need for reevaluating the question of in-crop use …
Controlling Blackbirds And Starlings At Winter Roosts Using Pa-14, J.F. Heisterberg, A.R. Stickley Jr., K.M. Garner, P.D. Foster Jr.
Controlling Blackbirds And Starlings At Winter Roosts Using Pa-14, J.F. Heisterberg, A.R. Stickley Jr., K.M. Garner, P.D. Foster Jr.
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The only EPA-registered chemical for lethal control of winter roosting blackbird (Icterinae) and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) populations is Compound PA-14 Avian Lethal Agent (PA-14). Between 1978 and 1987, 39 PA-14 spray operations, 15 by helicopter and 24 by ground-based spray systems, have been conducted at 33 winter roosts in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama. In-roost bird mortality for the aerial operations have been poor, averaging only 4% of the pretreatment roost populations or 114,000 birds killed per spray operation. Although very labor-intensive, a ground-based sprinkler system application method has proven much more successful, averaging 67% in-roost bird mortality …
State/Federal/Private Cooperative Relationships In Wildlife Damage Control, Charles D. Kelly
State/Federal/Private Cooperative Relationships In Wildlife Damage Control, Charles D. Kelly
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
During my 30 year tenure as Alabama's Game and Fish Division Director it has been very gratifying to witness the successful restoration of wildlife populations. We have been able to allow long hunting seasons with liberal bag limits for our popular game species. However, as conditions improved from a recreational standpoint we also experienced an escalation of wildlife damage complaints. Every member of the Alabama Game and Fish Division staff is involved to some extent in answering calls, providing information and otherwise assisting with resolution of wildlife damage complaints. We do not have the resources required to actively pursue every …
The Future Of Wildlife Damage Control In An Urban Environment, Gary J. San Julian
The Future Of Wildlife Damage Control In An Urban Environment, Gary J. San Julian
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
As the trend towards urbanization escalates, the United States is rapidly becoming a nation of non-farmers and suburban residents. Consequently, the conflicts between residents and wildlife species are increasing, while the interest in urban wildlife and backyard habitat is growing. These ' trends, coupled with changes in pesticide regulations, a shortage of trained professionals and relic legislation, create a complex and paradoxical situation for residents and professionals in the area of urban wildlife management. The future of wildlife in the urban environment will depend on our ability to convince and educate wildlife managers, citizens and legislators about the need for …
New Uses Of Livestock Guarding Dogs To Reduce Agriculture/Wildlife Conflicts, R. Coppinger, J. Lorenz, Lorna Coppinger
New Uses Of Livestock Guarding Dogs To Reduce Agriculture/Wildlife Conflicts, R. Coppinger, J. Lorenz, Lorna Coppinger
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Pilot programs in several states have shown that livestock guarding dogs are 70-80% effective in reducing predation on livestock by wildlife, primarily coyotes. In order to increase that percentage, ineffective dogs were studied and new techniques tested that had the potential of turning problems into successes. From the population of over 1,000 dogs that has been placed on farms and ranches nationwide during the past ten years under the auspices of the Livestock Dog Project at Hampshire College, data was analyzed for each of the three basic behaviors (trustworthy, attentive, protective) that a good guardian needs to exhibit. A wide …
A Perspective From A State Department Of Agriculture: Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, Robert J. Mungari
A Perspective From A State Department Of Agriculture: Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, Robert J. Mungari
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Prior to addressing our topic of "Research Needs in Wildlife Damage Control" it is necessary to provide you with the perspective of the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets as it relates to wildlife damage. The Department does not possess statutory authority over the management of the State's wildlife resources. We, therefore, lack the ability to address agricultural crop losses from a statewide or regional perspective through the utilization of population management. Instead we must approach damage control on an individual farm basis with the impact of our present control activities and practices being somewhat localized. Our involvement …
Closing Remarks, James E. Miller
Closing Remarks, James E. Miller
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The need for professionalism in wildlife damage prevention and control is more important today than ever before. It will be even more important in the future as we are faced with increasing interaction between people and their interests which includes many different perceptions about wildlife. Wildlife professionals must change their philosophy regarding communication with the public about both the positive and negative impacts of wildlife. We can no longer afford the luxury, if indeed we ever could, of avoiding people and their perceptions about wildlife. We must provide scientific, biologically and ecologically sound information in a form which the public …
Coyotes In The Eastern Us: Status And Implications --Damage Problems And Economic Losses From Coyotes In The Northeastern U.S.—, Dennis L. Slate
Coyotes In The Eastern Us: Status And Implications --Damage Problems And Economic Losses From Coyotes In The Northeastern U.S.—, Dennis L. Slate
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
(Canis latrans) have historically been a matter of concern to ranchers and Animal Damage Control personnel in the western US. With range expansion of the coyote into the eastern US, coyote depredations on domestic stock and fowl appears to be emerging as an issue that will deserve to be more fully addressed by researchers, policy makers and management personnel in this region of the US. This portion of the panel presentation will review and discuss damage problems and losses from coyotes in the northern states of the Eastern Animal Damage Control (ADC) Region. Information for this presentation was …
Control Of Ring-Billed Gull Colonies At Urban And Industrial Sites In Southern Ontario, Canada, H. Blokpoel, G.D. Tessier
Control Of Ring-Billed Gull Colonies At Urban And Industrial Sites In Southern Ontario, Canada, H. Blokpoel, G.D. Tessier
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
At eight urban or industrial sites in southern Ontario colonies of Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) were controlled to ameliorate problems caused by the adults and their young. At the Nanticoke Generating Station on Lake Erie a growing colony was eliminated by collecting eggs and subsequent harassment of adults. One colony at the Stelco Yards in Hamilton Harbor was eliminated by installing a gull exclosure and collecting eggs from nests outside the exclosure and another was controlled by frequently destroying nests and eggs. At Toronto Island Airport an incipient colony was controlled by collecting eggs and harassing adults. At …
State/Federal/Private Cooperative Program Relationships In Wildlife Damage Control, Rene M. Bollengier Jr.
State/Federal/Private Cooperative Program Relationships In Wildlife Damage Control, Rene M. Bollengier Jr.
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
On December 19, 1985, Congress transferred the Animal Damage Control (ADC).program from Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), Department of the Interior, to Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The transfer of personnel and equipment was officially completed on April 1, 1986. The transfer brought to USDA personnel with hundreds of years of collective animal damage control experience in agricultural and non-agricultural types of man/wildlife conflicts.
The Critter Control Concept Approaches Of A Firm Specializing In Nuisance Wildlife Control, Lynn Braband, Kevin Clark
The Critter Control Concept Approaches Of A Firm Specializing In Nuisance Wildlife Control, Lynn Braband, Kevin Clark
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The private sector has been involved in certain aspects of nuisance wildlife control for some time. Examples include commensal rodent control by pest control companies, capture of nuisance furbearers by trappers, and repair of structural damage by carpenters. Social trends, such as increased urbanization, increased population of certain wildlife species, and decreased government funding have combined to provide increased opportunity and need for the private sector in nuisance wildlife control. Critter Control, Inc. has sought to bring an integrated and specialized approach to nuisance wildlife control. Our general approach includes consultation on the nature of the nuisance situation, removal of …
Frogs Captured In Green Bean Harvest:Analysis Of A Pest Problem, Donald F. Caccamise
Frogs Captured In Green Bean Harvest:Analysis Of A Pest Problem, Donald F. Caccamise
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
In southern New Jersey a new agricultural pest problem has seriously impacted production of green beans for plant processing. Newly acquired harvesters inadvertently capture frogs, which are difficult and expensive to remove from harvested beans. Goals of this project were to (1) define the biological properties of the pest problem, and (2) identify biologically sound and effective methods to manage the problem. Fowler's toad (Bufo woodhousei fowleri) was the most numerous (82%) of 9 species sorted from harvested beans, and it was also the most common in field censuses (76%). Density estimates based on field censuses were higher …
Status Of The Coyote In The Northeastern United States, Robert E. Chambers
Status Of The Coyote In The Northeastern United States, Robert E. Chambers
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
This report represents a summary of information derived from responses to mail questionnaires from the state wildlife agencies in 16 northern states extending from Maine to Minnesota with minor modifications by the author where experience deemed it feasible. Coyotes-historically present in prairie regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana and Michigan- have extended their range eastward to the Atlantic Ocean and are now present throughout most of the northeastern states with the exception of Delaware and the major metropolitan areas of Philadelphia and New York City. Of the eastern states only New York has suggested that their population may have arisen …
Public Tolerance Of Deer In A Suburban Environment: Implications For Management And Control, Nancy A. Connelly, Daniel J. Decker, Sam Wear
Public Tolerance Of Deer In A Suburban Environment: Implications For Management And Control, Nancy A. Connelly, Daniel J. Decker, Sam Wear
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
A mail survey of residents in suburban northern Westchester County, New York was conducted to determine the nature and extent of deer damage in the county, the importance of deer damage relative to other deer-human interactions, and residents' perceptions of costs and benefits associated with the deer herd. The estimated cost of damage to plantings was quite high, $6.4 million to $9.5 million (depending on the type of assumptions concerning non-respondents). Most respondents used some form of deer damage control (estimated to cost $1.2 to $1.8 million/year), but few people reported their problems to officials. Although these costs were high, …
The Problem Of Planting Louisiana Swamplands When Nutria(Myocastqr Coypu) Are Present, W.H. Conner, J.R. Toliver
The Problem Of Planting Louisiana Swamplands When Nutria(Myocastqr Coypu) Are Present, W.H. Conner, J.R. Toliver
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Logging of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) in the swamps of the southeastern United States is once again becoming common and an area of particular concern in Louisiana is the regeneration of cypress in its natural environment. One way to ensure the proper stocking of cypress is to plant seedlings, but nutria usually damage or destroy newly planted seedlings and are a deterrent to cypress regeneration in flooded areas. In 1985 cypress seedlings were planted in a flooded logged area and in an area where flooding was preventing the establishment of natural seedlings. Nutria destroyed 86% of the seedlings in …
Management Of Suburban Deer: An Emerging Controversy, Daniel J. Decker
Management Of Suburban Deer: An Emerging Controversy, Daniel J. Decker
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
During the last 10 years the presence of deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in suburban areas has become an increasing concern from the standpoint of damage and nuisance problems. It is unclear whether (a) overall deer numbers in suburban environments have increased (possibly because of residential development in "natural" settings and creation of food sources represented by residents' ornamental plantings and vegetable gardens), (b) more development in suburban areas has forced deer into adjacent remaining patches of suitable habitat, resulting in increased deer densities in certain localities, or (c) some combination of both. Regardless of the factors perpetrating the situation, …
Categorization And Seasonal Periodicity Of Terrestrial Vertebrate Pest Control Inquiries In Virginiav, Harry J. Dutton, Jefferson L. Waldon, Peter L. Bromley
Categorization And Seasonal Periodicity Of Terrestrial Vertebrate Pest Control Inquiries In Virginiav, Harry J. Dutton, Jefferson L. Waldon, Peter L. Bromley
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Information requests for species-specific preventive and control measures directed to the state's extension wildlife specialist were recorded by species or species group, month, day, and year, and by type of human group inquiring. Skunks (15.5%), snakes (14.7%), and bats (10.9%) were inquired about most often. Homeowners (67.4%) were the most frequent inquirers. Summer (43.5%) and spring (29.0%) were the seasons when most information requests occurred. Woodpeckers (16.0%) were the most frequently reported species in the spring. In the summer, the most frequently requested information was about bats (20.2%). Snakes (29.7%) were the most frequently reported species in the fall. Over …
The Bird Strike Hazard (Bash) Program, Capt. Edgardo R. Farrraro, Capt. Russell P. Defusco
The Bird Strike Hazard (Bash) Program, Capt. Edgardo R. Farrraro, Capt. Russell P. Defusco
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The hazards birds pose to aircraft has been of concern to the Air Force for more than 20 years. After losing several aircraft due to bird strikes in the early 1960's, the Air Force formed a team to evaluate bird hazards to Air Force aircraft. The team, from the Air Force Weapons Laboratory (AFWL) at Kirtland AFB NM, handed over this mission to the Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Team at HQ Air Force Engineering and Services Center (AFESC) at Tyndall AFB in 1975. In 1986 (October) the BASH team moved to Boiling AFB, Washington DC. The Air Force sustains …
Frontmatter And Contents
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD EASTERN WILDLIFE DAMAGE CONTROL CONFERENCE
Temporal Use Patterns Of Wintering Starlings At A Southeastern Livestock Farm: Implications For Damage Control, J.F. Glahn, S.K. Timbrook, D.J. Twedt
Temporal Use Patterns Of Wintering Starlings At A Southeastern Livestock Farm: Implications For Damage Control, J.F. Glahn, S.K. Timbrook, D.J. Twedt
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The farm use patterns of individually marked and transmitter-equipped starlings at a livestock farm in south-central Kentucky were studied each month during the principal damage period (December-February) of 1982-83 and 1984-85 following a pilot study in January and February of 1980. In addition to intensive observation at the farm, sightings of tagged starlings away from the farm were solicited from the public and mapped. For each year of data on individual starlings that used the farm at least once after marking, the expected frequencies of farm occurrence were calculated and compared to observed frequencies. In all 3 years, there was …
Urban Gray Squirrel Damage And Population Management: A Case History, J. Hadidian, D. Manski, V. Flyger, C. Cox, G. Hodge
Urban Gray Squirrel Damage And Population Management: A Case History, J. Hadidian, D. Manski, V. Flyger, C. Cox, G. Hodge
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Lafayette Park, a 3.0 hectare national park located across the street from the White House in Washington D.C., has had a gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) density as high as 50 animals/hectare. In recent years this large population caused significant damage to mature trees and other vegetation. In keeping with the legislative mandate to protect and preserve the historic landscape in Lafayette Park, the National Park Service implemented a squirrel management program following an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach. The population was studied and monitored to determine the ecological bases for high squirrel numbers. Action was taken through a …
Fox Squirrels Cause Power Outages: An Urban Wildlife Problem, J.C. Hamilton, R. J. Johnson, R. M. Case, M. W. Riley, W. W. Stroup
Fox Squirrels Cause Power Outages: An Urban Wildlife Problem, J.C. Hamilton, R. J. Johnson, R. M. Case, M. W. Riley, W. W. Stroup
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
In urban areas, power outages are caused each year by fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) that use electrical power equipment as travel lanes, rest sites, or for other activities. When a squirrel crosses a live bare wire on a transformer, the result is a blown fuse and electrocution of the squirrel. Power company outage reports were examined to determine when and where squirrel-caused outages occurred. Sixteen field sites in Lincoln were selected for study. Eight sites encircled transformers with ≥4 squirrel-caused outages, 1980-1985, and eight were adjacent control sites with no such outages. Squirrel behavior in relation to power …
Distribution And Impact Of Canada Goose Crop Damage In East-Central Wisconsin, James Heinrich, Scott Craven
Distribution And Impact Of Canada Goose Crop Damage In East-Central Wisconsin, James Heinrich, Scott Craven
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The steady increase in the numbers of Canada geese on or near Horicon National Wildlife Refuge since its establishment in the early 1940s has resulted in many opportunities, and a few difficult problems. The problem of crop depredations has plagued the Horicon area since the mid-1960s. Each increase in goose numbers has brought with it renewed farmer concern, and each incident has resulted in some change in goose management direction. Increasing problems, more geese, lower harvest quotas, and the new Wisconsin Wildlife Damage Program combined to encourage the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) to take a comprehensive look at …
Catch Effectiveness And Selectivity Of Several Traps, Edward P. Hill
Catch Effectiveness And Selectivity Of Several Traps, Edward P. Hill
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The effectiveness and selectivity of several traps and trap Modifications were field-evaluated and compared in Alabama from 1977 to 19B0. No. 220 Conibear traps placed in baited open-end boxes (TB) on the ground posed a hazard to dogs and were not recommended for general use in terrestrial sets. They may be effective to control feral dogs in special situations or areas. TB devices attached to tree trunks 1 m above the ground eliminated the hazard to dogs, but rendered the trap ineffective for taking small mammals. No. 220 Conibear traps with selective position treadle triggers placed in trail water-sets were …
Status Of The Coyote In The Southeastern United States, Edward P. Hill
Status Of The Coyote In The Southeastern United States, Edward P. Hill
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The range of the coyote (Canis latrans) in the southeastern United States, particularly east of the Mississippi River, has recently expanded. Although populations were present in Arkansas and Louisiana in the 1960s, only isolated individuals were known to exist east of the river before 1975. In addition to Arkansas and Louisiana, the present range includes Mississippi and Alabama, the western three fourths of Kentucky and Tennessee, Northwestern Florida, south-central and northwest Georgia and scattered portions of Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Peninsular Florida. Recent literature indicates that several releases have influenced the rate of …
Great-Tailed Grackle Predation On South Texas Citrus (Identifying A Unique Problem), John Hobbs, Fred G. Leon Iii
Great-Tailed Grackle Predation On South Texas Citrus (Identifying A Unique Problem), John Hobbs, Fred G. Leon Iii
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The December 1983 freeze inflicted tremendous damage to the South Texas groves and reduced tree by approximately fifty Additionally, it is believed that Great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) populations increased over the past few years. With decreased citrus acreage and increased grackle numbers, the severe negative effects are economically significant to the Texas citrus industry. Grackle damage to grapefruit and oranges differs in type and economic importance. The first is "cosmetic" in nature, small pecks or scratches on the fruit skin, and downgrades the fruit, reducing its value. The second is actual crop loss due to consumption of fruit …
An Evaluation Of Controlled Hunting For Management Of Feral Pigeons, Michael D. Hoy, Albert E. Bivings
An Evaluation Of Controlled Hunting For Management Of Feral Pigeons, Michael D. Hoy, Albert E. Bivings
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Pigeons (Columba livia) are a problem for municipal governments throughout most of the eastern United States. Toxicants, sterilants, trapping, and shooting are the principal control techniques. Due to a general public aversion to toxicants and to monetary constraints, a pigeon control program which utilized periodic hunting pressure was initiated in Stuttgart, Arkansas County, Arkansas. Guidelines for organization of controlled hunts are presented along with pigeon harvest rates and population trends. The city government and interested citizens consider the program to be successful and cost effective.
Home Range Responses Of White-Tailed Deer To Crop-Protection Fences, S.E. Hygnstrom, S.R. Craven
Home Range Responses Of White-Tailed Deer To Crop-Protection Fences, S.E. Hygnstrom, S.R. Craven
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
We studied the home ranges and activity patterns of 24 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in southwestern Wisconsin via radio-telemetry and visual observation to determine their response to single-strand electric crop-protection fences. Deer were allowed to establish feeding patterns in alfalfa fields during the spring green-up periods of 1986 and 1987. In mid-April of each year, 7 fences were constructed around selected 7-25 ha alfalfa fields to exclude deer from varying portions of their home ranges. No fences were constructed around alfalfa fields in one area. Fences were built around 50 and 100% of the alfalfa in 2 other areas. Deer …
Wildlife Damage To Agriculture In Nebraska: A Preliminary Cost Assessment, R. J. Johnson, R. M. Timm
Wildlife Damage To Agriculture In Nebraska: A Preliminary Cost Assessment, R. J. Johnson, R. M. Timm
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
We estimate the annual financial losses resulting from wildlife damage to major crops and livestock in Nebraska. For each wildlife species, the damage problem is presented along with a description of how the estimate was made. Field crop estimates include losses from Plains pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius), commensal rodents (Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus), field rodents in grain fields (e.g. Peromyscus maniculatus, Dipodomys ordi, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), house sparrows (Passer domesticus), blackbirds (e.g. Agelaius phoeniceus and Quiscalus quiscula), lagomorphs (Sylvilaqus floridanus, Lepus californicus, and L. townsendii), deer …
Coyote Damage In The Southeastern United States, Edwin J. Jones
Coyote Damage In The Southeastern United States, Edwin J. Jones
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
County agricultural agents in all 82 counties of Mississippi and Extension Wildlife Specialists in the other 10 southeastern states were asked to respond to a short questionnaire on coyote damage in their respective county or state. The questionnaire requested the respondents to: 1) indicate if the number of coyote reports have increased, decreased, or remained stable over the last 5 years, 2) indicate the number of reports they were aware of in the last year, 3) report the type of damage and the associated economic loss, 4) estimate the economic loss over the last 5 years, and 5) provide any …