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Articles 6961 - 6990 of 7823

Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection

Acceptability Of Six Candidate Groundcovers To Meadow Voles, Edwin Lewis, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo Richmond Mar 1983

Acceptability Of Six Candidate Groundcovers To Meadow Voles, Edwin Lewis, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Meadow vole food preferences were examined by means of a series Of two day trials where pairs of plants were offered. Of the six plants tested, three (white clover, red clover, alfalfa) were found to be highly preferred by the voles, one (red fuscue) was acceptable, and two species (myrtle and crownvetch) were unacceptable. The results suggest that the undesirable groundcovers may be used as a deterrent to the establishment of meadow vole populations.

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Digestible Energy Content Of Diets Of Pine Voles From Different Orchard Habitat Types, S. L. Macpherson, R. L. Kirkpatrick Mar 1983

Digestible Energy Content Of Diets Of Pine Voles From Different Orchard Habitat Types, S. L. Macpherson, R. L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In a previous study at VPI & SU, Servello (1981) developed a technique for predicting the digestible dry matter (DDM) and digestible energy (DE) of the diets of pine voles from a nutritive analysis of their stomach contents. In this nutritive analysis, developed by Goering and Van Soest (1970), feeds are divided into two major fractions: cell soluble and cell wall fractions. The cell soluble fraction is highly digestible while the cell wall (fiber) fraction varies in digestibility. It was found that the highly digestible cell soluble values of the stomach contents were the best predictor of the digestibility of …

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Movements Of Meadow Voles In Winter: Implications For Vole Management In Orchard Habitat, Dale M. Madison, Randall W. Fitzgerald, William J. Mcshea Mar 1983

Movements Of Meadow Voles In Winter: Implications For Vole Management In Orchard Habitat, Dale M. Madison, Randall W. Fitzgerald, William J. Mcshea

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The movements of meadow voles in a field population were studied using radiotelemetry during fall and winter. The voles changed from a dispersed, solitary dispersion pattern during early autumn to social clusters with communal nesting during winter. This shift occurred as the daily median temperature approached freezing. Movement was inhibited and localized during winter, except under snow when the voles exhibited a freedom of movement not experienced during other times of the year. Overwinter management of meadow voles in orchard habitats is discussed in view of these findings.

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Results Of 1982 Rodenticide Field Tests, M. H. Merson, R. E. Byers Mar 1983

Results Of 1982 Rodenticide Field Tests, M. H. Merson, R. E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A 2.0% zinc phosphide pellet and a 0.001% brodifacoum bait gave the lowest percentage post-treatment activity in a field test in which broadcast applications were followed shortly by rain. There was not a clear difference in performance between the single-feeding toxicants and the multiple-feeding anticoagulants in this experiment. A 0.075% cholecalciferol bait gave control comparable to some registered materials and shows promise for future development. A bait containing 0.0216% diphacinone gave significantly better control than one containing 0.005% diphacinone.

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Movements And Habitat Use By Pine And Meadow Voles In An Orchard, Ralph E. Pagano Mar 1983

Movements And Habitat Use By Pine And Meadow Voles In An Orchard, Ralph E. Pagano

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Several radiotelemetry studies have now been completed in the orchards of the mid-Hudson Valley, New York. The results of one of these projects, a l2-month study of the movements and habitat use of pine and meadow voles, will be reported on here. The success of an integrated vole management program using cultural practices and rodenticides depends a great deal on knowing the movements and habitat use of the two orchard vole species. Species interactions that could lead to differential use of the orchard habitat are another important element in a vole management program. This study focused on three major objectives: …

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The Efficacy Of Several Broadcast Rodenticides In The Mid-Hudson Valley, New York, Ralph Pagano, Jay Mcaninch Mar 1983

The Efficacy Of Several Broadcast Rodenticides In The Mid-Hudson Valley, New York, Ralph Pagano, Jay Mcaninch

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

As summarized by LaVoie and Tietjen (1978), many aspects of vole control using rodenticides including the costs/benefits of rodenticide use, applicator limitations in commercial orchards, and vole biology have not received proper attention. Data relating vole population levels to damage severity have not been generated and thus the exact benefits of control measures are difficult to analyze. Several aspects of vole biology have only recently been considered in rodenticide application procedures. Problems such as bait acceptance and percentage population control have created disparity in several rodenticide experiments (Richmond et al., 1978). A knowledge of vole use of vegetative cover and …

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The Influence Of Soil Moisture, Texture, And Temperature On Nest-Site Selection And Burrowing Activity By The Pine Vole, Microtus Plnetorum, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo E. Richmond Mar 1983

The Influence Of Soil Moisture, Texture, And Temperature On Nest-Site Selection And Burrowing Activity By The Pine Vole, Microtus Plnetorum, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) have long been recognized as a pest species in fruit orchards of the eastern United States (Hamilton 1935). These semifossorial rodents construct tunnel systems beneath apple trees where they eat entire roots or strip roots of bark and cambium. Hamilton (1938) reported numbers of pine voles within apple orchards as high as 200-300 voles per acre which is in sharp contrast to the relative scarcity of pine voles outside orchard situations (Crain and Packard 1966; Goertz 1971), These findings suggest that orchard habitat provides excellent conditions for pine vole growth and reproduction, although the specific components …

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Effects Of Three Pine Vole Populations On Apple Tree Growth And Productivity, Milo Richmond, Pamela Miller, Chester Forshey Mar 1983

Effects Of Three Pine Vole Populations On Apple Tree Growth And Productivity, Milo Richmond, Pamela Miller, Chester Forshey

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Few attempts have been made to quantify the damage to agricultural crops resulting from known densities of a particular pest. Availability of such information, even in its most basic form, is essential to making cost-effective management decisions. The question seems straightforward and simple; however, it is neither. For example, the damage caused by rodents in an apple orchard is not easily observed or measured. Moreover, the ultimate economic effects are dependant to s.ome degree upon tree age, variety and replacement cost; weather, productivity market prices, and a host of other manageable and unmanageable factors facing the grower. In addition to …

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Social Influences On Reproduction In Pine Voles, Margaret H. Schadler Mar 1983

Social Influences On Reproduction In Pine Voles, Margaret H. Schadler

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The presence of large populations of pine voles in apple orchards suggests that in the field reproduction of these pests has few constraints. Yet, evidence collected from our colony at Union College indicates that in the laboratory reproduction is not at random but instead is socially restrained and predictable. Unless these findings are artifacts of laboratory life, they may help explain some of the data collected in the field. Horsfall (1963) trapped voles every month of the year from an orchard near Cloverdale, VA. Since he found pregnant females in all collections, he concluded that reproduction occurred throughout the year …

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Long Term Vole Control In Ontario Apple Orchards, Zia Siddiqi, W. D. Blaine, Stan Taylor Mar 1983

Long Term Vole Control In Ontario Apple Orchards, Zia Siddiqi, W. D. Blaine, Stan Taylor

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The results obtained so far in this 3 year study have shown that the plots with poisoned bait feeder stations suffered significantly less tree girdling than the plots treated with the fall broadcast application of 2% zinc phosphide. Similar timings were also observed in number of voles per plot, however, the vole population was much lower than the previous year. Considerable interest has been shown by apple growers in adopting this method of vole control at a commercial level.

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Efficacy Of Spring Broadcast Rodenticides In The Hudson Valley, New York, Paul F. Steblein, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond Mar 1983

Efficacy Of Spring Broadcast Rodenticides In The Hudson Valley, New York, Paul F. Steblein, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Subsequent to the prohibition of endrin use in New York State, a variety of alternate rodenticides and methods of rodenticide application have been examined in an effort to develop effective control measures for the pine vole, Pitymys pinetorum. These studies indicate that the manner in which the rodenticides are applied substantially influences their effectiveness in controlling pine voles. Specifically, in our experience placing poisoned bait directly in the animal’s subsurface tunnel systems has proved to be the most effective means of vole control. However, this method of bait placement is both time consuming and expensive. An alternate more cost-effective method …

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1982-83 Toxicant Vole Control, Roger S. Young Mar 1983

1982-83 Toxicant Vole Control, Roger S. Young

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

No abstract provided.

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Velsicol Markets More Than A Rodenticide, Velsicol Chemical Corporation Mar 1983

Velsicol Markets More Than A Rodenticide, Velsicol Chemical Corporation

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Manufacturer's responsibility does not end with production of a high quality bait. There are several excellent rodenticides on the market today, but their effectiveness depends on the applicators understanding of what he is doing and why he is doing it. That's why Velsicol has shifted so much of its emphasis to studying rodent behavior and rodenticide application technology. To provide orchardists with an understanding of the dynamics of orchard vole control, Velsicol developed an educational program based on integration of good management practices with chemical and non-chemical methods of control. The program covers orchard cultural practices, identification of voles, vole …

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Highlights Of The Seventh Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Ross E. Byers Mar 1983

Highlights Of The Seventh Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The Seventh Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium was held at the Cliffside Inn, Box 786, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, March 3-4, 1983 for the purpose of assessing the current status of research, extension, and industry programs relating to vole damage to fruit trees. The meeting was held to provide a problem solving atmosphere in which growers, governmental agencies such as EPA, USDA, USDI, the chemical industry, and university personnel could observe the current thrusts of research and extension programs and their impact on future control strategies.

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Registration List Mar 1983

Registration List

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

No abstract provided.

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Water Quality Trends In The Las Vegas Wash Wetlands, F. A. Morris, L. J. Paulson Jan 1983

Water Quality Trends In The Las Vegas Wash Wetlands, F. A. Morris, L. J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

The Las Vegas Wash is a wetlands ecosystem that acts to buffer the effects of wastewater discharges on the receiving waters of Lake Mead. The wash is the terminus for the 4,144 km2 Las Vegas Valley drainage basin, emptying into Las Vegas Bay of Lake Mead (Colorado River). It is in the northern Mojave desert, which receives an average of only 10 cm of rainfall annually. The Las Vegas Wash is technically an artificial wetland supported almost entirely by the perennial flows from sewage treatment plants. These flows contribute an average of 3-7 t of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and …

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The Effects Of Impoundments On Salinity In The Colorado River, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker Jan 1983

The Effects Of Impoundments On Salinity In The Colorado River, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker

Publications (WR)

The increase in salinity of our western rivers has been identified as one of the most serious water quality problems in the nation. This is of special concern in the Colorado River where salinity has increased from pristine levels estimated at 380 mg/1 to present-day levels of 825 mg/1 at Imperial Dam. Flow depletions, associated with decreased runoff and increased evaporation and diversions, coupled with high salt loading from natural and man-created sources are considered the primary causes for rising salinity in the river. The urban and agricultural development projected to occur in the basin through this century could deplete …

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The Influence Of Lake Powell On The Suspended Sediment-Phosphorus Dynamics Of The Colorado River Inflow To Lake Mead, T. D. Evans, Larry J. Paulson Jan 1983

The Influence Of Lake Powell On The Suspended Sediment-Phosphorus Dynamics Of The Colorado River Inflow To Lake Mead, T. D. Evans, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

The Colorado River has been successively modified by the construction of several reservoirs, beginning in 1935 with the formation of Lake Mead by Hoover Dam. These reservoirs are located in a chain, and each one has an influence on the nutrient dynamics and productivity of the river and downstream reservoir. Lake Mead derives 98% of its annual inflow from the Colorado River. Historically, the Colorado River inflow was unregulated into Lake Mead. Regulation occurred in 1963, when Lake Powell was impounded by the construction of Glen Canyon Dam, approximately 450 km upstream. The formation of Lake Powell drastically altered the …

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Flood Insurance Study, Federal Emergency Management Agency Jul 1982

Flood Insurance Study, Federal Emergency Management Agency

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This Flood Insurance Study investigates the existence and severity of flood hazards in the City of Ogden, Weber County, Utah, and aids in the administration of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. This study will be used to convert Ogden to the regular program of flood insurance by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Local regional planners will use this study in their efforts to promote sound flood plain management. IN some states or communities, flood plain management criteria or regulations may exist that are more restrictive or comprehensive than those on …

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Effect Of Pellet Size And Packaged Commercial Baits For The Control Of Pine Voles, Ross E. Byers, Mark H. Merson Mar 1982

Effect Of Pellet Size And Packaged Commercial Baits For The Control Of Pine Voles, Ross E. Byers, Mark H. Merson

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

No difference in field control of pine voles was found be¬tween 3 different pellet sizes broadcast at either 5.6 kg/ha (5 lbs/.p acre) or 11.2 kg/ha (10 lbs/acre) for either Volid or ZP Rodent Bait . Comparison of the 18 Volid plots with the 18 ZP Rodent Bait plots showed a statistical difference in animal control between these materials of 95% and 85% respectively. Place packs of Volid or ZP Rodent Bait were opened at approximately 95% of the active sites. Since about 5% of the sites were active by the apple indexing, we believe a low but residual population …

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A Current Assessment Of Vole Damage And Numbers And Of Methods Used To Control Voles In Ontario Apple Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Stephen A. Struger Mar 1982

A Current Assessment Of Vole Damage And Numbers And Of Methods Used To Control Voles In Ontario Apple Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Stephen A. Struger

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A province-wide evaluation of the amount, distribution, source and control of damage to Ontario apple trees was initiated. Data we re obtained from 280 responses to a questionnaire distributed to growers across Ontario, and from trap censuses in three widely separated areas. Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) damaged or destroyed 8,423 trees in our questionnaire sample and other mammals damaged another 10,307 trees. No relationship was found between application of rodenticide and levels of damage, but rodenticide-treated baits sharply reduced numbers of voles on our trap plots. Orchards with high levels of damage were on average only one-third as …

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Long Term Vole Control In Ontario Apple Orchards, Zia Siddiqi, W. D. Blaine Mar 1982

Long Term Vole Control In Ontario Apple Orchards, Zia Siddiqi, W. D. Blaine

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A poisoned bait feeder station is being evaluated for a long term meadow vole control in Ontario apple orchards. This bait station can maintain a bait supply even under deep winter snow cover, commonly experienced in Ontario, when voles inflict extensive tree damage. Latest generation of acute anticoagulants, encapsulated zinc phosphide, and commercial formulation of zinc phosphide treated cracked corn bait in the bait stations are evaluated against the conventional broadcast application of the zinc phosphide treated cracked corn.

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Rodenticide Evaluation In The Hudson Valley During 1980 And 1981, Paul F. Steblein, Milo E. Richmond Mar 1982

Rodenticide Evaluation In The Hudson Valley During 1980 And 1981, Paul F. Steblein, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The objective of Cornell University's research program is to develop a successful integrated system to control pine and meadow vole damage in the apple orchards of the Hudson Valley. This is being accomplished by determining the effect of habitat manipulation and rodenticides on vole populations. We are also doing research to quantify the amount of damage apple trees sustain from various densities of pine voles. By coupling the results of these two avenues of research, we hope to provide growers with a cost-effective pest management plan. Efficacy of Chlorophacinone (Chempar, Inc.) and Brodificoum (ICI Americas, Inc.) in various populations and …

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Orchard Rodent Baits: Toxicant Evaluations And Vole Pellet Size Preferences, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers Mar 1982

Orchard Rodent Baits: Toxicant Evaluations And Vole Pellet Size Preferences, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Residues of the anticoagulant rodenticide Brodifacoum in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) sampled from an orchard popula¬tion after broadcast treatment with the commercial bait VOLID decreased as the orchard rate of application and concentration of Brodifacoum in the bait decreased. Oral LD— determinations for the experimental rodenticide EL-614 were 8.8 mg/kg for meadow voles and 24.0 mg/kg for pine voles (M. pinetorum) . No size preference by meadow and pine voles for bait pellets from 2.38 to 4.76 mm in diameter was observed in lab¬oratory tests.

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The Relationship Of Nutritional Factors To Apple Tree Root Damage By Pine Voles, F. A. Servello, J. J. Hasbrouck, R. L. Kirkpatrick, K. E. Webb Mar 1982

The Relationship Of Nutritional Factors To Apple Tree Root Damage By Pine Voles, F. A. Servello, J. J. Hasbrouck, R. L. Kirkpatrick, K. E. Webb

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Damage to apple tree roots by pine voles is believed to occur primarily during the winter months. Cengel et a1. (1978) found that the stomachs of pine voles contained significant amounts of root material only during January and March sampling periods. In addition, the diet of pine voles at that time consisted primarily of less preferred grass species because preferred forb species were unavailable. Therefore, apple tree roots may serve as a food source in the winter when preferred forages are unavailable. If, in fact, pine voles are consuming roots in response to reduced food supplies, then one would expect …

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Pine Vole Reinvasion Of An Unfilled Suitable Habitat, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond Mar 1982

Pine Vole Reinvasion Of An Unfilled Suitable Habitat, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Despite years of research aimed at developing ecologically safe and effective methods for controlling pine voles these rodents remain a serious agricultural pest. A large portion of the damage occurring yearly could be avoided through close adherence to the current recommendations. A regular mowing and herbicide program to eliminate rodent cover combined with rodenticides comprise the integrated pest management program currently available. Effective toxicants include a ground spray and various pelleted baits which can be placed in the runways. Repeated mowing of grasses and the use of herbicides are two effective means of reducing or eliminating an existing population, and …

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Radiotelemetric Evaluation Of The Effect Of Horticultural Practices On Pine And Meadow Voles In Apple Orchards: Iii. Use Of Orchard Border Habitats By Meadow Voles, Ralph E. Pagano, Dale M. Madison Mar 1982

Radiotelemetric Evaluation Of The Effect Of Horticultural Practices On Pine And Meadow Voles In Apple Orchards: Iii. Use Of Orchard Border Habitats By Meadow Voles, Ralph E. Pagano, Dale M. Madison

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A study was undertaken to determine if meadow voles,Microtus pennsylvanicus, use habitats adjacent to apple orchards. Considerations were given to how extensively these areas were used, if at all, and if a bulldozed strip would control their movements between the orchard and adjacent border habitats. Trapping and telemetry data showed that meadow voles do use the adjacent border habitats extensively and make frequent crossings between these areas and the nearby or¬chards. It would seem, therefore, important to include these areas in any vole management program. Although the bulldozed strip was effective in reducing movements between the orchard and adjacent …

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Radiotelemetric Evaluation Of The Effect Of Horticultural Practices On Pine And Meadow Voles In Apple Orchards: Ii. Herbicide Application, Dale M. Madison, Ralph E. Pagano, Randall W. Fitzgerald Mar 1982

Radiotelemetric Evaluation Of The Effect Of Horticultural Practices On Pine And Meadow Voles In Apple Orchards: Ii. Herbicide Application, Dale M. Madison, Ralph E. Pagano, Randall W. Fitzgerald

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were studied in a commercial apple orchard in the Hudson Valley of New York during April and May 1981. Selected voles were given miniature radio transmitters and then tracked before and after herbicide application. A total of eight pine and meadow voles were tracked throughout the experimental period. Home range size decreased on the day following herbicide application but showed an increase from day 1 to day 5 & 7 after application. Movements away from the tree line into the aisles did not change significantly after herbicide …

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A Preliminary Survey Of Genetic Variation Over Two Seasons Among Orchard Pine Vole Populations, J. E. Mcbride, J. J. Ney, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick Mar 1982

A Preliminary Survey Of Genetic Variation Over Two Seasons Among Orchard Pine Vole Populations, J. E. Mcbride, J. J. Ney, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The objective of this study was to test for genetic homogeneity among several discontinuous orchard pine vole populations, particularly between those that had been treated with endrin and those that had not. Endrin-resistant pine vole strains have been documented (Webb and Hors-fall 1967; Webb et a1. 1973), but have not been characterized genetically. Practically, this study was designed to determine if genetic differences existed among endrin-treated and non-treated orchard populations over two seasons of the year, by examining a few specific gene loci believed to be involved in endrin metabolism in small mammals.

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Water Metabolism In Laboratory-Maintained And Free-Ranging Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), D. Rhodes, M. E. Richmond Mar 1982

Water Metabolism In Laboratory-Maintained And Free-Ranging Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), D. Rhodes, M. E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Prior study of water use by the pine vole, Microtus pinetorum, has indicated that these voles require large volumes of water on a daily basis and exhibit rapid turnover of body water relative to other mammals of similar body size (Rhodes and Richmond, 1981). However, the extent to which these animals are tolerant of water deprivation and hence the importance of available water to the members of this species remains unexplored. Similarly, data on rates of body water turnover in free-ranging pine voles are presently unavailable. Thus, this study examines rates of body water turnover and urine concentrations of …

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