Medicinal-Pharmaceutical Chemistry Commons^™

Structure And Characterization Of A Class 3b Proline Utilization A: Ligand-Induced Dimerization And Importance Of The C-Terminal Domain For Catalysis, David A. Korasick, Thameesha T. Gamage, Shelbi Christgen, Kyle M. Stiers, Lesa J. Beamer, Michael T. Henzl, Donald F. Becker, John J. Tanner

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

The bifunctional flavoenzyme proline utilization A (PutA) catalyzes the two-step oxidation of proline to glutamate using separate proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and L-glutamate-y-semialdehyde dehydrogenase active sites. Because PutAs catalyze sequential reactions, they are good systems for studying how metabolic enzymes communicate via substrate channeling. Although mechanistically similar, PutAs vary widely in domain architecture, oligomeric state, and quaternary structure, and these variations represent different structural solutions to the problem of sequestering a reactive metabolite. Here, we studied PutA from Corynebacterium freiburgense (CfPutA), which belongs to the uncharacterized 3B class of PutAs.A2.7A˚ resolution crystal structure showed the canonical arrangement of PRODH, L-glutamate-y-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, …

Clozaril, Gillian Jones

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This is a poster presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, which provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and the body's response to Clozaril (Clozapine, Fazaclo, Versacloz) an atypical antipsychotic used to manage schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder as well as bipolar disorder, dementia-related behavior disorders, and tremors.

Prednisone, Donna K. Broderick

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster, presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and effects of Predinisone, trade name Deltasone, Apo-Prednisone, Meticorton, Orasone, Panasol, Panasal, Prenicen-M Sterapred, Winred, an adrenal corticosteroid used to treat a variety of symptoms.

Aricept, Colleen M. Westburg

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster, presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and effects of Donepizil Hydrocholide, trade name Aricept, used to treat the symtoms of mild, moderate, or severe dementia of Alzheimer’s type. Unlabeled uses include treatment of symptoms of vascular dementia, poststroke aphasia, and memory improvement in multiple sclerosis patients.

Sertraline Hydrochloride, Michelle L. Fehr

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster, presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and effects of Sertraline Hydrochloride, trade name Zoloft, used to treat the symptoms of depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, premenstual dysphoric disorder, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Benazepril Hydrochloride, Tuan A. Nguyen

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster, presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and effects of Benazepril Hydrochloride, trade names Briem, Cibacen, Fortekor, and Iotensin, used to treat mild to moderate hypertension.

Lunesta, Mary Kreie

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster, presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and effects of Eszopiclone, trade name Lunesta, used to treat insomnia.

Zoloft/Sertraline Hcl, Loretta Banks

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster, presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and effects of Sertraline Hydrochloride, trade name Zoloft, used to treat the symptoms of depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, premenstual dysphoric disorder, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Nortriptyline Hyrdochloride, Israel R. Gomez Raffoul

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster, presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and effects of Nortriptyline Hydrochloride, trade names Acetexa, Allegron, Aventyl, Noritren, Nortrilen, Sensaval, and Vividyl, used to treat endogenous drpression. Unlabeled uses include treatment of nocturnal enuresis in children, ADJD, and diabetic neuropathy.

Citalopram Hydrobromide, Maria Parks

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster, presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and effects of Citalopram Hydrobromide, trade name Celexa, used to treat depression.

Naloxone Therapy In Opioid Overdose Patients: Intranasal Or Intravenous?, Leiah Carney

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This slide presentation for the Natural Science Poster Session at Parkland College describes the chemical makeup and effect of Naloxone, an opioid antagonist used in the treatment opioid overdose and summarizes a study comparing intravenous and intranasal delivery methods. Concludes that although there are conflicting studies, evidence supports intranasal delivery.

Investigation Of The Effects Of Ionic Interactions In Peptide And Protein Structure, Aimee Lorts

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Proteins and their unique structures are important due to their involvement in every cellular task, but the protein can only function properly when it is in the correct fold. β-sheet peptides and collagen were observed via structural studies. Circular dichroism (CD) determines a protein’s secondary structure. WKWK, a beta-sheet peptide, is known to dissolve in aqueous solutions. However, WKWK was observed to precipitate out of deionized water. To investigate the cause of this precipitation, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was used to determine the ion content of the water. Elevated sodium ion concentrations were found to disrupt the stabilizing …

Synthesis And Biological Activity Of Novel Tu100 Derivatives, Oladotun J. Alao

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In an attempt to create more effective chemotherapeutic compounds, the naphthoquinone adduct, 12,13-dihydro-N-methyl-6,11,13-trioxo-5H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta [1,2 b]naphthalen-5,12-imine (hereafter called TU100) was synthesized. Inspired by its unique and novel mechanism of action, a series of structural derivatives were synthesized to explore structure-activity relationships. The analogues exhibited different cytotoxicity profiles, revealing the indicated regions are involved in cell death induction. Furthermore, the analogues had dramatically different effects on cellular ATP production, suggesting different molecular targets. Synthesis, biological activity, and SAR study of these analogues will be revealed.

Target Based Design And Synthesis Of Heterocycles In The Potential Treatment Of Cancer And Opportunistic Infection, Shruti Choudhary

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Dose limiting toxicity and development of multidrug resistance by the tumors are the major limitations of current cancer chemotherapy. Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) are a structurally diverse set of compounds that disrupt microtubule dynamics and exert their anticancer effect. Among the various classes of such agents, the colchicine site binding agents are particularly important as they circumvent the Pgp and β-III tubulin mediated clinical resistance. These resistance mechanisms, when manifested, are a major reason for the failure of clinically used agents such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids. A series of monocyclic pyrimidine analogs were designed and synthesized as colchicine site …

Nitric Oxide Release From Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles And Titanium Alloy, Nina A. Reger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Current methods for the treatment of bacterial infection involve the use of systemic antibiotics, which are high concentrations of antibiotics delivered over a long period time. Unfortunately, the use of systemic antibiotics can cause harmful side effects to the patient and increases the possibility for antibiotic resistance. The delivery of antibiotics or alternative antimicrobial compounds, such as nitric oxide, directly to the site of infection would decrease the amount of antibiotic necessary to treat a bacterial infection.

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polyvinyl alcohol nanoparticles and a titanium- aluminum-vanadium metal oxide alloy implant were surface functionalized to deliver nitric oxide. Polymer nanoparticles can …

Synthesis Of Multifunctional Polyacrylates And A Binding Group To Hemoglobin For The Treatment Of Traumatic Brain Injuries, Marina Michaud

Honors College Theses

Hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) hold promise as an effective emergency treatment of severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI). In the latest generation of HBOCs, polynitroxyl-pegylated hemoglobin (PNPH), cell-free hemoglobin is modified with TEMPO and PEG which reduce the toxicities associated with earlier generations of HBOCs. In our efforts to optimize the economic and therapeutic impacts of PNPH’s we have synthesized polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (poly-DMAEMA) under controlled living conditions via reverse addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The poly-DMAEMA was then successfully functionalized via quaternization of its NMe₂ groups using chloroacetate derivatives of the TEMPO and PEG. This process was quantitative and …

Literature Review On The Use Of Nucleic Acid-Based Logic Gates For The Detection Of Human Diseases, Enrique J. Blanco Martinez

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Conventional methods for diagnosis of human disease are, at times, limited in different regards including time requirement, either experimental or data processing, sensitivity, and selectivity. It is then that a Point of Care Criteria, which considers the true utility and usefulness of the device, is employed to propose new diagnostic devices capable of overcoming the aforementioned shortcomings of conventional tools. Nucleic acid, characterized for its predictable base-pairing nature, is considered to be a highly-selective, yet greatly modifiable device. Its behavior is then described through Boolean Logic, where “true” or “false” outputs are mathematically described as “1” and “0”, respectively. This …

Development Of Diverse Size And Shape Rna Nanoparticles And Investigation Of Their Physicochemical Properties For Optimized Drug Delivery, Daniel L. Jasinski

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

RNA nanotechnology is an emerging field that holds great promise for advancing drug delivery and materials science. Recently, RNA nanoparticles have seen increased use as an in vivo delivery system. RNA was once thought to have little potential for in vivo use due to biological and thermodynamic stability issues. However, these issues have been solved by: (1) Finding of a thermodynamically stable three-way junction (3WJ) motif; (2) Chemical modifications to RNA confer enzymatic stability in vivo; and (3) the finding that RNA nanoparticles exhibit low immunogenicity in vivo.

In vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics are affected by the physicochemical …

Ligands Of Therapeutic Utility For The Liver X Receptors., Rajesh Komati, Dominick Spadoni, Shilong Zheng, Jayalakshmi Sridhar

Faculty and Staff Publications

Liver X receptors (LXRs) have been increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic target to treat pathological conditions ranging from vascular and metabolic diseases, neurological degeneration, to cancers that are driven by lipid metabolism. Amidst intensifying efforts to discover ligands that act through LXRs to achieve the sought-after pharmacological outcomes, several lead compounds are already being tested in clinical trials for a variety of disease interventions. While more potent and selective LXR ligands continue to emerge from screening of small molecule libraries, rational design, and empirical medicinal chemistry approaches, challenges remain in minimizing undesirable effects of LXR activation on lipid metabolism. …

Quantification Of Copper Content With Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy As A Potential Indicator Of Offal Adulteration In Beef, Maria Piedad Casado-Gavalda, Yash Dixit, David Geulen, Raquel Cama-Moncunill, Xavier Cama-Moncunill, Maria Markiewicz-Keszycka, Patrick J. Cullen, Carl Sullivan

Articles

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging technique in the field of food analysis which provides various advantages such as minimal sample preparation, chemical free, rapid detection, provision of spatial information and portability. In this study, LIBS was employed for quantitative analysis of copper content in minced beef samples spiked with beef liver over three independent batches. Copper content was determined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) in order to obtain reference values for modelling. Partial least square regression (PLSR) was performed to build a calibration and validation model. A calibration model with a high Rcv2 of 0.85 …

Chemical Profiling And Chemical Standardization Of Vitex Negundo Using 13c Nmr, Fabian M. Dayrit, Lolita G. Lagurin, John Daniel J. Magsalin, Anthony R. Zosa

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Chemical profiling and standardization of the defatted methanol extract of the leaves of Vitex negundo L. were carried out using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis followed by chemometric analysis of the chemical shift data. Chemical profile was obtained using a k-means cluster profile and chemical standardization which was achieved using a multivariate control chart. The V. negundo samples were made up of four groups: the training set, submitted samples from production farms, commercial samples, such as tablets, capsules and teas, and experimental samples (samples which were allowed to degrade). Four groups were generated in k-means cluster, which generally corresponded …

Copper Salt-Catalyzed Formation Of A Novel Series Of Triazole-Spirodienone Conjugates With Potent Anticancer Activity., L. Gu, P. Wang, Qiu Zhong, Y. Deng, J. Xie, F. Liu, F. Xiao, Shilong Zheng, Y. Chen, Guangdi Wang, L. He

Faculty and Staff Publications

Copper salt-catalyzed oxidative amination resulted in the formation of a novel series of triazole-spirodienone conjugates, 4-triazolyl-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-dien-3,8-diones and 4-triazolyl-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-dien-8-ones. A single crystal of compound 1p among them was grown and analyzed by X-ray crystallography. These compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against MDA-MB-231, HeLa, A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. Most of them showed moderate to high anticancer potency in the four cancer cell lines. The discovery of the triazole-spirodienone conjugates as cytotoxic agents against cancer cells may open up a new field in which these novel small molecules could be further explored as promising anticancer agents.

Thermostability Of The Coating, Antigen And Immunostimulator In An Adjuvanted Oral Capsule Vaccine Formulation, Stephanie Longet, Vincenzo Aversa, Daire O'Donnell, Joshua Tobias, Monica Rosa, Jan Holmgren, Ivan Coulter, Ed Lavelle

Articles

Oral vaccines present an attractive alternative to injectable vaccines for enteric diseases due to ease of delivery and the induction of intestinal immunity at the site of infection. However, susceptibility to gastrointestinal proteolysis, limited transepithelial uptake and a lack of clinically acceptable adjuvants present significant challenges. A further challenge to mass vaccination in developing countries is the very expensive requirement to maintain the cold chain. We recently described the effectiveness of a Single Multiple Pill® (SmPill®) adjuvanted capsule approach to enhance the effectiveness of a candidate enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) oral vaccine. Here it was demonstrated that this delivery system …

Monitoring And Evaluation Of Terni (Central Italy) Air Quality Through Spatially Resolved Analyses, Lorenzo Massimi, Martina Ristorini, Marta Eusebio, Darla Florendo, Adeola Adeyemo, David Brugnoli, Silvia Canepari

Conference Papers

A study of spatial variability of PM10 elemental components was conducted in Terni city (Central Italy), situated in an intramountain depression characterized by the presence of several particulate matter emission sources. The meteorological conditions of the Terni basin limit the dispersion and enhance the accumulation of atmospheric pollutants. Thanks to the utilization of new smart samplers, used for the first time and working in parallel at 23 sampling sites, spatially resolved data were obtained. Localizations of the samplers were chosen in order to evaluate the impact of different local PM10 sources. Chemical composition of the samples was determined in combination …

Removal Of Pharmaceuticals From Aqueous Solutions Using A1-Mg/Rgo Composite, Spencer Jones

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Amino Acid Catabolism In Staphylococcus Aureus And The Function Of Carbon Catabolite Repression, Cortney R. Halsey, Shulei Lei, Jacqueline K. Wax, Mckenzie K. Lehman, Austin S. Nuxoll, Laurey Steinke, Marat Sadykov, Robert Powers, Paul D. Fey

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus aureus must rapidly adapt to a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources during invasion of a host. Within a staphylococcal abscess, preferred carbon sources such as glucose are limiting, suggesting that S. aureus survives through the catabolism of secondary carbon sources. S. aureus encodes pathways to catabolize multiple amino acids, including those that generate pyruvate, 2-oxoglutarate, and oxaloacetate. To assess amino acid catabolism, S. aureus JE2 and mutants were grown in complete defined medium containing 18 amino acids but lacking glucose (CDM). A mutation in the gudB gene, coding for glutamate dehydrogenase, which generates 2-oxoglutarate from glutamate, significantly reduced …

Laterally Extended Atomically Precise Graphene Nanoribbons With Improved Electrical Conductivity For Efficient Gas Sensing, Mohammad Mehdi Pour, Andrey Lashkov, Adrian Radocea, Ximeng Liu, Tao Sun, Alexey Lipatov, Rafal A. Korlacki, Mikhail Shekhirev, Narayana R. Aluru, Joseph W. Lyding, Victor Sysoev, Alexander Sinitskii

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Narrow atomically precise graphene nanoribbons hold great promise for electronic and optoelectronic applications, but the previously demonstrated nanoribbon-based devices typically suffer from low currents and mobilities. In this study, we explored the idea of lateral extension of graphene nanoribbons for improving their electrical conductivity. We started with a conventional chevron graphene nanoribbon, and designed its laterally extended variant. We synthesized these new graphene nanoribbons in solution and found that the lateral extension results in decrease of their electronic bandgap and improvement in the electrical conductivity of nanoribbon-based thin films. These films were employed in gas sensors and an electronic nose …

Nanomaterials As Stationary Phases And Supports In Liquid Chromatography: A Review, Sandya Beeram, Elliott Rodriguez, Suresh Doddavenkatanna, Zhao Li, Allegra Pekarek, Darin Peev, Kathryn Goerl, Gianfranco Trovato, Tino Hofmann, David S. Hage

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

The development of various nanomaterials over the last few decades has led to many applications for these materials in liquid chromatography (LC). This review will look at the types of nanomaterials that have been incorporated into LC systems and the applications that have been explored for such systems. A number of carbon-based nanomaterials and inorganic nanomaterials have been considered for use in LC, ranging from carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and nanodiamonds to metal nanoparticles and nanostructures based on silica, alumina, zirconia and titanium dioxide. Many ways have been described for incorporating these nanomaterials into LC systems. These methods have included covalent …

A Surface-Stabilized Ozonide Triggers Bromide Oxidation At The Aqueous Solution-Vapour Interface, Luca Artiglia, Jacinta Edebeli, Fabrizio Orlando, Shuzhen Chen, Ming-Tao Lee, Pablo Corral Arroyo, Anina Gilgen, Thorsten Bartels-Rausch, Armin Kleibert, Mario Vazdar, Marcelo Andrea Carignano, Joseph S. Francisco, Paul B. Shepson, Ivan Gladich, Markus Ammann

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Oxidation of bromide in aqueous environments initiates the formation of molecular halogen compounds, which is important for the global tropospheric ozone budget. In the aqueous bulk, oxidation of bromide by ozone involves a [Br•OOO⁻] complex as intermediate. Here we report liquid jet X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements that provide direct experimental evidence for the ozonide and establish its propensity for the solution-vapor interface. Theoretical calculations support these findings, showing that water stabilizes the ozonide and lowers the energy of the transition state at neutral pH. Kinetic experiments confirm the dominance of the heterogeneous oxidation route established by this precursor …

Cytotoxic Polyketides With An Oxygen-Bridged Cyclooctadiene Core Skeleton From The Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Phomosis Sp. A818, Wei Zhang, Baobing Zhao, Liangcheng Du, Yuemao Shen

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Plant endophytic microorganisms represent a largely untapped resource for new bioactive natural products. Eight polyketide natural products were isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus Phomosis sp. A818. The structural elucidation of these compounds revealed that they share a distinct feature in their chemical structures, an oxygen-bridged cyclooctadiene core skeleton. The study on their structure–activity relationship showed that the α,β-unsaturated δ-lactone moiety, as exemplified in compounds 1 and 2, was critical to the cytotoxic activity of these compounds. In addition, compound 4 might be a potential agonist of AMPK (5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase).