Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Stability Of U-500 Regular Insulin In Prefilled Syringes, Melinda E. Lull, Justin J. Piacentino, Andrea N. Traina

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective: To evaluate the stability of U-500 regular insulin in prefilled syringes stored under refrigeration for up to 28 days.

Methods: U-500 regular insulin was drawn up in 1 mL insulin syringes in a clean, nonsterile environment to emulate conditions of a patient’s home. Samples were assayed using a stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method immediately after preparation (day 0) and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days under refrigeration. Before evaluation, all samples were diluted to a concentration of 40 units/mL in the starting mobile phase. Stability was determined by evaluating the percentage of the initial concentration remaining at …

Embedded Assessment And Evidence-Based Curriculum Mapping: The Promise Of Learning Analytics, Jane M. Souza

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

At Wegmans School of Pharmacy, we have adopted an embedded assessment approach to curriculum mapping and data collection on student learning outcomes achievement. In essence, we capture the data from the course level exams that our faculty members craft to measure student learning.

Resolution Of Clinical And Laboratory Abnormalities After Diagnosis Of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia In Trauma Patients, Joseph M. Swanson, Kathryn A. Connor, Louis J. Magnotti, Martin A. Croce, Jessica Johnson, G. Christopher Wood, Timothy C. Fabian

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Background: Guidelines advise that patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) should respond clinically by Day 3 of antibiotics. White blood cell (WBC) count, maximum temperature (Tmax), and PaO2:FIO2 ratio are all said to respond significantly by Day 6. Resolution of abnormalities has not been evaluated in trauma patients.

Methods: Retrospective review of trauma patients with VAP. The WBC count, Tmax, and PaO2:FIO2 were evaluated for 16 days after diagnosis. Patients were grouped into uncomplicated VAP, complicated VAP (those with inadequate empirical therapy [IEAT], VAP relapse/superinfection, or acute respiratory distress syndrome), and concurrent infection +VAP (those also infected at another site).

Results: …

A Novel Anti-Inflammatory And Pro-Resolving Role For Resolvin D1 In Acute Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Inflammation, Hsi-Min Hsiao, Ramil E. Sapinoro, Thomas H. Thatcher, Amanda Croasdell, Elizabeth P. Levy, Robert A. Fulton, Keith C. Olsen, Stephen J. Pollock, Charles N. Serhan, Richard P. Phipps, Patricia J. Sime

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Introduction: Cigarette smoke is a profound pro-inflammatory stimulus that contributes to acute lung injuries and to chronic lung disease including COPD (emphysema and chronic bronchitis). Until recently, it was assumed that resolution of inflammation was a passive process that occurred once the inflammatory stimulus was removed. It is now recognized that resolution of inflammation is a bioactive process, mediated by specialized lipid mediators, and that normal homeostasis is maintained by a balance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving pathways. These novel small lipid mediators, including the resolvins, protectins and maresins, are bioactive products mainly derived from dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty …

New Oral Anticoagulants In The Treatment Of Pulmonary Embolism: Efficacy, Bleeding Risk, And Monitoring, Kelly M. Rudd, Elizabeth Phillips

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Anticoagulation therapy is mandatory in patients with pulmonary embolism to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. The mainstay of therapy has been vitamin-K antagonist therapy bridged with parenteral anticoagulants. The recent approval of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs: apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban) has generated significant interest in their role in managing venous thromboembolism, especially pulmonary embolism due to their improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, predictable anticoagulant response, and lack of required efficacy monitoring. This paper addresses the available literature, on-going clinical trials, highlights critical points, and discusses potential advantages and disadvantages of the new oral anticoagulants in patients with pulmonary embolism.

Pharmacovigilance Of Biosimilars, Lipika Chablani

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

In lieu of an abstract, here is the article's first paragraph:

Biotech industry forms the backbone of the current pharmaceutical products. Seven out of top ten anticipated drugs of the industry in 2014 will be biologics [1]. Considering the fast pace growth of the biotechnological products, there is a parallel demand of biosimilars. As defined by FDA, “A biosimilar is a biological product that is highly similar to a U.S.-licensed reference biological product notwithstanding minor differences in clinically inactive components, and for which there are no clinically meaningful differences between the biological product and the reference product in terms of …

Oral Mucositis And Stomatitis Associated With Conventional And Targeted Anticancer Therapy, Amy Parkhill

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Oral mucositis and stomatitis are characterized by pain, inflammation, and redness in the oral cavity. In the case of mucositis, ulceration also occurs. Despite being understudied, these symptoms are some of the most troubling, and yet common, adverse effects associated with cancer treatment. The incidence of these toxicities is highly variable depending on treatment-related and patient-related risk factors. However, most cancer treatment regimens carry some risk of this toxicity. The presence of mucositis or stomatitis can result in a significant decrease in the patient?s quality of life due to severe pain and the inability to eat or drink. These toxicities …

Breast Cancer Vaccine: Are We There Yet?, Lipika Chablani

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

In lieu of an abstract, here is the article's first paragraph:

Breast cancer is the most fatal form of cancer for female population worldwide. National Cancer Institute (NCI) estimates 226,870 females and 2,190 males to be diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States by the end of 2012. The estimated death toll for this year includes 39,510 females and 410 males, as reported by NCI. Statistics state that 1 in every 8 females will be diagnosed with breast cancer during her lifetime. These alarming numbers have provoked a large number of scientists to contribute towards the fight against breast …

Educating Pharmacy Students To Improve Quality (Epiq) In Colleges And Schools Of Pharmacy, Adrienne M. Gilligan, Jaclyn Myers, James D. Nash, Jill Lavigne, Leticia R. Moczygemba, Kimberly S. Plake, Ana C. Quiñones-Boex, David Holdford, Donna West-Strum, Terri L. Warholak

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective. To assess course instructors’ and students’ perceptions of the Educating Pharmacy Students and Pharmacists to Improve Quality (EPIQ) curriculum.

Methods. Seven colleges and schools of pharmacy that were using the EPIQ program in their curricula agreed to participate in the study. Five of the 7 collected student retrospective pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Changes in students’ perceptions were evaluated to assess their relationships with demographics and course variables. Instructors who implemented the EPIQ program at each of the 7 colleges and schools were also asked to complete a questionnaire.

Results. Scores on all questionnaire items indicated improvement in students’ perceived …

The Crossroads Of Interprofessionalism: Four Avenues Of Collaboration At The Wegmans School Of Pharmacy, David Hutchinson, Jane M. Souza, Jennifer Mathews, Anthony Corigliano, Katherine Juba, Jill Lavigne, Andrea Traina, Karen A. Bobak, Constance Baldwin, O.J. Sahler

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective: The utilization of interprofessional education and collaborative practice delivers optimal health services and improves patient outcomes. Training future healthcare providers in an integrated environment promotes a “collaborative practice-ready” workforce. The aim of this study was to identify ongoing specific interprofessional collaborative projects and promote their awareness among faculty at the St. John Fisher College Wegmans School of Pharmacy.

Methods: Faculty members were surveyed to identify the ongoing interprofessional collaborative initiatives among pharmacy faculty.

Results: A total of four collaborative practices were identified among faculty: ambulatory care, assisted-living, didactic, and assessment. The ambulatory care setting at an osteoporosis clinic provides …

Individualized Reflective Learning Through Portfolio Use In Pharmacy School Education, Melinda E. Lull, Jennifer Mathews, C. R. Utter, R. J. Bova

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objectives: The ability to teach one’s self is a skill that will greatly enhance students in their future professional lives. To this end, learning portfolios have often been used longitudinally as a development tool. The objective of this study was to design and implement the use of an electronic portfolio to individualize student learning experiences in a one-semester pharmacy elective course.

Methods: In a forensic toxicology pharmacy elective course, students were asked to find specific articles related to lecture material but geared toward their individual interests, attach it to an online portfolio, and answer four short reflective questions. Students then …

Implementing Who Hand Hygiene In A U.S. Pharmacy School, Jill Lavigne

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Implementing A Substances Of Abuse Outreach Program In The Rochester City School District., R L. Jarbe, N M. Piette, Chirag Dave, Amy L. Parkhill, Melinda E. Lull, Jennifer Mathews

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective: This program aims to provide substances of abuse education to local high school students.

Methods: An outreach program, modeled after the National Institute on Drug Abuse instructional materials, was developed by student pharmacists and faculty for delivery to the Rochester City School District. Strict regulations prevented admittance into any classrooms until the program was presented to all health teachers at a district-wide meeting. Approval was given to begin working in the classrooms in April 2011. The program was first adopted in two health education classes at Edison Tech (May 2011). Information was presented to students using lecture, small group …

Environmental Toxins Linked To Neurodegeneration And Autism Activate The Brain’S Immune System, J. L. Hill, C. Teijelo, H. M. To, A. Meyer, E. S. Micca, N. Vaughn, Melinda E. Lull

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system and become activated in response to noxious stimuli, leading to a cycle of inflammation and cell death that has been implicated in the development of Parkinson’s disease and autism. This study examines the effects of environmental toxins, at levels commonly found in humans, on microglial cell survival and activation. The toxins used in this study include polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants, the food additive propionic acid (PPA), and the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin. These chemicals have been linked to neuronal damage, although their effects on microglial cells have not …

Verbal Communication Improvement Workshop For Self-Identified P3 Pharmacy Students: A Model For A Successful Collaboration With A Communications Department, Asim Abu-Baker, Lauren Vicker

Media and Communication Faculty/Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Acute Clinical Conditions Of School-Aged Children In A Rural Kenyan Community, Nicolle A. Koester, Karen M. Parker, Vivian Cunningham, Christine R. Birnie

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Education And Socioeconomic Status On Incidence Of Diabetes And Hypertension In Pune, India, Christine R. Birnie, Kiara Manning, Kim Wilbert, Alicia Habershaw

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Observed Incidence Of Linezolid-Associated Serotonin Syndrmoe During Concomitant Serotonergic Therapy, Melanie Woytowish, Lena Maynor

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Innovative Drug Delivery And Formulation Designs To Deter Drug Abuse/Misuse Related To Suicide, Fang Zhao

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Patients with a history of abuse/misuse of pain and psychotic medications are at high risk for suicide. Novel drug delivery and formulation approaches have been explored to reduce the potential of drug abuse/misuse and to improve patient compliance. This chapter reviews the design and mechanism of five successful products in the opioid and anti-psychotic categories. Embeda™ is an extended release capsule containing morphine pellets with a sequestered core of naltrexone; naltrexone acts as an aversive agent and is released only when the product is crushed. Remoxy® is an extended release oxycodone capsule with a highly viscous liquid fill content which …

Student Success Tracking Pilot Program, Jane M. Souza, Richard O'Brocta

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective: The purpose of study is to pilot a program in which all P1 students input their exam grades for each course in the fall semester into E*Value. Alongside their grades they record reflections on their performance. This information, visible only to the individual students and their advisors, is used to promote meaningful dialog during advising sessions.

Method: A form was created in E*Value for students to input their exam grades and reflections on those grades. Faculty advisors were asked to use this data during advising sessions. Feedback was collected through Qualtrics surveys for faculty and students as well as …

A Survey Of Top 200 Drugs—Inconsistent Practice Of Drug Strength Expression For Drugs Containing Salt Forms, Daniel Prohotsky, Fang Zhao

Doctoral External Publications

Many ionizable drugs are developed and marketed as salt forms. However, there are no clear US regulatory guidelines on drug strength labeling for salts. The strengths of some drugs are expressed as salts and some as free acids/bases. This study surveyed the top 200 US drugs to assess the common practice in industry. The top 200 drugs prescribed in the United States were included in this survey. The drugs containing active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) salts were selected for analysis. Generic or combination products with redundant API salts were excluded. The package insert of each selected drug was reviewed, and the …

Pharmacy-Student Outreach: Bridging The Gap From An Inner-City High School To Pharmacy School, Jennifer L. Mathews, Chirag Dave, Mohammad Mohammad, Gabriela Cipriano, Fang Zhao, Brooke Lowry

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

A poster describing a program at Thomas A. Edison High School that aimed to educate students on the educational requirements for pharmacy school and career opportunities within the profession.

Personal Impact Of A Service-Learning Medical Missions Elective Course On Pharmacy Student's Attitudes And Values, Christine R. Birnie, Sherry Jimenez

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Course-Level Curriculum Map Pilot Program, Jane M. Souza, Jennifer Mathews, Amy L. Parkhill

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective: To pilot a newly developed course level curriculum map that documents course learning outcomes, corresponding teaching activities, assessments, student achievement on assessments, and evidence-based changes made subsequently at the course level.

Method: The newly developed course level curriculum map was piloted in twelve courses involving nine faculty members. Faculty either retroactively recorded data or utilized the map during the semester. At the conclusion of the pilot period, a focus group was conducted during which seven of the faculty members shared experiences and recommendations. Focus group comments were recorded by three people. Recorders’ notes were compared for accuracy and …

Development, Implementation, And Evaluation Of A Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Elective Course In Hybrid Format, Parag Budukh, Christine R. Birnie

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids In Programming Inflammation Resolution, Ramil Sapinoro, David Barr, Samuel Slevinski

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

A Continuous Professional Development Process For First-Year Pharmacy Students, Richard O'Brocta, Asim Abu-Baker, Parag Budukh, Mona A. Gandhi, Jill Lavigne, Christine R. Birnie

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objectives. To develop, pilot test, and evaluate a continuous professional development (CPD) process for first-year pharmacy (P1) students.

Design. Students and faculty members were introduced to the important elements of the CPD process via a live training program. Students completed the year-long 4-step CPD cycle by identifying a learning objective, creating a plan, completing the learning activity, evaluating their learning outcome, documenting each step, and meeting with their faculty advisor for feedback and advice.

Assessment. Seventy-five first-year students (100%) successfully completed the CPD process during the 2009-2010 academic year. The students spent an average of 7 hours (range 2 to …

Stability Of Diluted Adenosine Solutions In Polyvinyl Chloride Infusion Bags, Melissa Kaltenbach, David Hutchinson, Jessica E. Bollinger, Fang Zhao

Doctoral External Publications

Purpose The stability of diluted adenosine solutions in polyvinyl chloride infusion bags was studied.

Methods Adenosine 50-, 100-, and 220-μg/mL solutions were prepared in 50-mL polyvinyl chloride (PVC) infusion bags containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection and stored at room temperature (23–25 °C) or under refrigeration (2–8 °C). Each sample of every combination of concentration, diluent, and storage temperature was prepared in triplicate, yielding 36 samples. The samples were assayed using a stability-indicating, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method immediately after preparation (time zero) and at 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days, and 14 days. pH was measured …

Chronic Apocynin Treatment Attenuates Beta Amyloid Plaque Size And Microglial Number In Happ(751)Sl Mice, Melinda E. Lull, Shannon Levesque,, Michael J. Surace, Michelle L. Block

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Background: NADPH oxidase is implicated in neurotoxic microglial activation and the progressive nature of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Here, we test the ability of two NADPH oxidase inhibitors, apocynin and dextromethorphan (DM), to reduce learning deficits and neuropathology in transgenic mice overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein with the Swedish and London mutations (hAPP(751)SL).

Methods: Four month old hAPP(751)SL mice were treated daily with saline, 15 mg/kg DM, 7.5 mg/kg DM, or 10 mg/kg apocynin by gavage for four months.

Results: Only hAPP(751)SL mice treated with apocynin showed reduced plaque size and a reduction in the number of cortical microglia, when compared …

Diesel Exhaust Activates & Primes Microglia: Air Pollution, Neuroinflammation, & Regulation Of Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity, Shannon Levesque, Thomas Taetzsch, Melinda E. Lull, Urmila Kodavanti, Krisztian Stadler, Alison Wagner, Jo Anne Johnson, Laura Duke, Prasada Kodavanti, Michael J. Surace, Michelle L. Block

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

BACKGROUND:

Air pollution is linked to central nervous system disease, but the mechanisms responsible are poorly understood.

OBJECTIVES:

Here, we sought to address the brain-region-specific effects of diesel exhaust (DE) and key cellular mechanisms underlying DE-induced microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic (DA) neurotoxicity.

METHODS:

Rats were exposed to DE (2.0, 0.5, and 0 mg/m3) by inhalation over 4 weeks or as a single intratracheal administration of DE particles (DEP; 20 mg/kg). Primary neuron-glia cultures and the HAPI (highly aggressively proliferating immortalized) microglial cell line were used to explore cellular mechanisms.

RESULTS:

Rats exposed to DE by inhalation demonstrated elevated levels …