Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Computer Testing To Document Student Achievement Of Learning Outcomes, Richard O'Brocta

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

In lieu of an abstract, here is the letter's first paragraph:

To the Editor. Every course should have published learning outcomes describing what students should be able to do upon successful completion of the course.1 Assessing how well the students have achieved the learning outcomes for the course is very important as this can provide evidence of learning for the student and a measure of the effectiveness of the course. Evidence of learning is important for accreditation purposes and can provide data that can be used to improve the course.2 Documenting student achievement of outcomes can be …

Acquisition Of Medication For Short-Term Medical Mission Trips, Christine R. Birnie

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

In lieu of an abstract, here is the article's first paragraph:

Each year, increasing numbers of pharmacists and pharmacy students participate in medical mission trips around the world. The Christian Pharmacist Fellowship International (CPFI) partners with Global Health Outreach (GHO) to ensure that one or two pharmacists are included on each of their multi-disciplinary medical trips. Over the past years, the number of pharmacists participating on these trips has increased from 20 pharmacists in 2002 to 78 pharmacists in 2012.¹ In recent years, pharmacy students have also become active team members, and several schools are now organizing medical mission …

Empowering Students With Assessment Data, Jane M. Souza, Karen D.C. Bobak

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Students’ perspective on assessment may be limited to summative grades for semester performance. However, providing access to data tracking their progress formatively could empower them to be more proactive in preparing for success. Examples of empowering students through access to data will be shared from two campuses. One campus will demonstrate how requiring students to reflect on longitudinal reports of their performance on learning outcomes can assist in targeting their studies. The second campus will exhibit how assessment data can be linked to peer mentoring. Participants will strategize how to engage students actively in the use of assessment data.

Using Embedded Assessments To Track Accreditation Standards And Generate Evidence-Based Curriculum Maps, Jane M. Souza

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

St. John Fisher College mined existing course-level assessments to address accreditation standards at the course, curricular, and student levels. This presentation demonstrated a strategy for coding existing test bank items to correspond to learning outcomes and accreditation standards and then using the data for multiple audiences. It also exemplified how an existing rich data source can simultaneously track student longitudinal progress, test bank item performance, and density of curriculum coverage. Strategies are offered to implement this embedded assessment approach to evidence-based curriculum mapping.

Rupture Test And Bioavailability Of Oil-Soluble Vitamins, Lipika Chablani

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

In lieu of an abstract, here is the article's first paragraph:

Bioavailability of multi-vitamins as dietary supplements has always been a concern. Dissolution studies have been successfully used to predict drug release of bioactive molecules, but with vitamins there are some exceptions. United State Pharmacopoeia (USP) defines the dissolution requirements of multi-vitamin supplements based on the composition and type of dosage form. As oil-soluble vitamins do not meet the criterion of “dissolution”, the performance of dosage forms containing such vitamins is evaluated by disintegration studies primarily. Dissolution studies are not applicable for such dosage forms [1].

Dose Ratios Between High Dose Oral Morphine Or Equivalents And Oral Methadone, Megan S. Chatham, Elizabeth S. Dodds Ashley, Jefferson S. Svengsouk, Katherine Juba

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Background: Methadone is a commonly used opioid in hospice and palliative care for patients with refractory pain. Various methadone dose conversion methods utilize progressively higher morphine equivalent dose (MED) to methadone dose ratios to compensate for increased methadone potency with escalating opioid doses.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the dose ratio between equianalgesic doses of high dose oral morphine (daily doses >1200 mg morphine or MED) and oral methadone.

Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of 324 patients who received methadone at Strong Memorial Hospital or the associated outpatient clinic during a nine-month period …

Morphine And Hydromorphone-Induced Hyperalgesia In A Hospice Patient, Katherine Juba, Robert G. Wahler, Susan M. Daron

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Opioids including morphine and hydromorphone are widely used for control of moderate to severe pain and dyspnea in hospice and palliative care patients. Accumulation of the active morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and hydromorphone-3-glucuronide (H3G) metabolites is one proposed mechanism for the development of neuroexcitatory effects including allodynia and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). We report the case of a 43-year-old female hospice patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who initially developed allodynia following morphine administration and again following administration of hydromorphone. The allodynia resolved both times following the discontinuation of the opioid and rotation to a different opioid regimen. Potential opioid-induced neuroexcitatory treatment …

Evolution Of Preprofessional Pharmacy Curricula, Brenda L. Gleason, Mark V. Siracuse, Nader H. Moniri, Christine R. Birnie, Curtis T. Okamoto, Michael A. Crouch

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objectives. To examine changes in preprofessional pharmacy curricular requirements and trends, and determine rationales for and implications of modifications.

Methods. Prerequisite curricular requirements compiled between 2006 and 2011 from all doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) programs approved by the Accreditation Council of Pharmacy Education were reviewed to ascertain trends over the past 5 years. An online survey was conducted of 20 programs that required either 3 years of prerequisite courses or a bachelor’s degree, and a random sample of 20 programs that required 2 years of prerequisites. Standardized telephone interviews were then conducted with representatives of 9 programs.

Results. In 2006, …

Stability Of Diluted Adenosine Solutions In Polyolefin Infusion Bags, Elise Almagambetova, David Hutchinson, Danielle M. Blais, Fang Zhao

Doctoral External Publications

Background

Intravenous or intracoronary adenosine is used in the cardiac catherization lab to achieve maximal coronary blood flow and determine fractional flow reserve.

Objective

To determine the stability of adenosine 10 and 50 µg/mL in either 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection in polyolefin infusion bags stored at 2 temperatures, refrigeration (2°C-8°C) or controlled room temperature (20°C-25°C).

Methods

Adenosine 10 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL solutions were prepared in 50 mL polyolefin infusion bags containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection and stored at controlled room temperature or under refrigeration. Each combination of concentration, diluent, and storage …

Stability Of U-500 Regular Insulin In Prefilled Syringes, Melinda E. Lull, Justin J. Piacentino, Andrea N. Traina

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective: To evaluate the stability of U-500 regular insulin in prefilled syringes stored under refrigeration for up to 28 days.

Methods: U-500 regular insulin was drawn up in 1 mL insulin syringes in a clean, nonsterile environment to emulate conditions of a patient’s home. Samples were assayed using a stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method immediately after preparation (day 0) and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days under refrigeration. Before evaluation, all samples were diluted to a concentration of 40 units/mL in the starting mobile phase. Stability was determined by evaluating the percentage of the initial concentration remaining at …

Resolution Of Clinical And Laboratory Abnormalities After Diagnosis Of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia In Trauma Patients, Joseph M. Swanson, Kathryn A. Connor, Louis J. Magnotti, Martin A. Croce, Jessica Johnson, G. Christopher Wood, Timothy C. Fabian

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Background: Guidelines advise that patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) should respond clinically by Day 3 of antibiotics. White blood cell (WBC) count, maximum temperature (Tmax), and PaO2:FIO2 ratio are all said to respond significantly by Day 6. Resolution of abnormalities has not been evaluated in trauma patients.

Methods: Retrospective review of trauma patients with VAP. The WBC count, Tmax, and PaO2:FIO2 were evaluated for 16 days after diagnosis. Patients were grouped into uncomplicated VAP, complicated VAP (those with inadequate empirical therapy [IEAT], VAP relapse/superinfection, or acute respiratory distress syndrome), and concurrent infection +VAP (those also infected at another site).

Results: …

Embedded Assessment And Evidence-Based Curriculum Mapping: The Promise Of Learning Analytics, Jane M. Souza

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

At Wegmans School of Pharmacy, we have adopted an embedded assessment approach to curriculum mapping and data collection on student learning outcomes achievement. In essence, we capture the data from the course level exams that our faculty members craft to measure student learning.

A Novel Anti-Inflammatory And Pro-Resolving Role For Resolvin D1 In Acute Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Inflammation, Hsi-Min Hsiao, Ramil E. Sapinoro, Thomas H. Thatcher, Amanda Croasdell, Elizabeth P. Levy, Robert A. Fulton, Keith C. Olsen, Stephen J. Pollock, Charles N. Serhan, Richard P. Phipps, Patricia J. Sime

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Introduction: Cigarette smoke is a profound pro-inflammatory stimulus that contributes to acute lung injuries and to chronic lung disease including COPD (emphysema and chronic bronchitis). Until recently, it was assumed that resolution of inflammation was a passive process that occurred once the inflammatory stimulus was removed. It is now recognized that resolution of inflammation is a bioactive process, mediated by specialized lipid mediators, and that normal homeostasis is maintained by a balance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving pathways. These novel small lipid mediators, including the resolvins, protectins and maresins, are bioactive products mainly derived from dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty …

Pharmacovigilance Of Biosimilars, Lipika Chablani

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

In lieu of an abstract, here is the article's first paragraph:

Biotech industry forms the backbone of the current pharmaceutical products. Seven out of top ten anticipated drugs of the industry in 2014 will be biologics [1]. Considering the fast pace growth of the biotechnological products, there is a parallel demand of biosimilars. As defined by FDA, “A biosimilar is a biological product that is highly similar to a U.S.-licensed reference biological product notwithstanding minor differences in clinically inactive components, and for which there are no clinically meaningful differences between the biological product and the reference product in terms of …

New Oral Anticoagulants In The Treatment Of Pulmonary Embolism: Efficacy, Bleeding Risk, And Monitoring, Kelly M. Rudd, Elizabeth Phillips

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Anticoagulation therapy is mandatory in patients with pulmonary embolism to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. The mainstay of therapy has been vitamin-K antagonist therapy bridged with parenteral anticoagulants. The recent approval of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs: apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban) has generated significant interest in their role in managing venous thromboembolism, especially pulmonary embolism due to their improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, predictable anticoagulant response, and lack of required efficacy monitoring. This paper addresses the available literature, on-going clinical trials, highlights critical points, and discusses potential advantages and disadvantages of the new oral anticoagulants in patients with pulmonary embolism.

Oral Mucositis And Stomatitis Associated With Conventional And Targeted Anticancer Therapy, Amy Parkhill

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Oral mucositis and stomatitis are characterized by pain, inflammation, and redness in the oral cavity. In the case of mucositis, ulceration also occurs. Despite being understudied, these symptoms are some of the most troubling, and yet common, adverse effects associated with cancer treatment. The incidence of these toxicities is highly variable depending on treatment-related and patient-related risk factors. However, most cancer treatment regimens carry some risk of this toxicity. The presence of mucositis or stomatitis can result in a significant decrease in the patient?s quality of life due to severe pain and the inability to eat or drink. These toxicities …