Medical Specialties Commons^™

The Major Subunit Of The Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Tcpa Induces Mucosal And Systemic Immunoglobulin A Immune Responses In Patients With Cholera Caused By Vibrio Cholerae O1 And O139, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Edward T. Ryan, Manohar John, Long Hang, Ashraful I. Khan, A. S. G. Faruque, Ronald K. Taylor

Dartmouth Scholarship

Diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae is known to give long-lasting protection against subsequent life-threatening illness. The serum vibriocidal antibody response has been well studied and has been shown to correlate with protection. However, this systemic antibody response may be a surrogate marker for mucosal immune responses to key colonization factors of this organism, such as the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) and other factors. Information regarding immune responses to TCP, particularly mucosal immune responses, is lacking, particularly for patients infected with the El Tor biotype of V. cholerae O1 or V. cholerae O139 since highly purified TcpA from these strains has not …

Frequency Of Hereditary Thrombophilia: An Akuh Experience., Safoorah Khalid, Raihan Sajid, Salman Adil, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of various causes of hereditary thrombophilia at a referral laboratory and the age and gender distribution.

Methods: This is a descriptive study incorporating a retrospective analysis of requests for thrombophilia screening sent to Clinical laboratory, Aga Khan University Hospital from November 1995 to May 2002.
Patients were screened for hereditary causes of thrombophilia including Protein C, Protein S, antithrombin III, Factor V Leiden and homocysteine. Frequency of each disorder; and age and sex distribution was determined.

Results: All the patients suspected clinically for thrombophilia were screened. Of the 2825 patients, 70 were diagnosed to …

Cutaneous Manifestations Of Hyper-Ige Syndrome In Twins: A Case Report From Saudi Arabia., Azam J. Samdani, A. Tania

Department of Medicine

The hyper-IgE syndrome with recurrent infections is a rare immunodeficiency disorder characterized by very high levels of IgE in serum. It is inherited in most of the cases in a dominant fashion meaning that it can run in families with a high frequency. About 250 cases have been published in literature so far.

Body Image, Emotional Regulation, And Binge Eating In Obese Females, Courtney D. Stahl

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) tend to endorse significant overconcerns with weight and shape and a greater propensity to eat in response to negative mood states. The primary aim of this study was to examine the impact of body image disturbance on the self-regulation of affect in female obese non-binge (n=46) and binge eaters (n=l09). Groups were similar in age (M=46.3) and race (84% Caucasian). Obese non-binge eaters were significantly less obese (BMI=35.50) than their binge eating counterparts (BMI=38.60). On the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), obese binge eaters endorsed significantly higher levels of body dissatisfaction, greater feelings of …

Gitr Activation Induces An Opposite Effect On Alloreactive Cd4(+) And Cd8(+) T Cells In Graft-Versus-Host Disease., Stephanie J Muriglan, Teresa Ramirez-Montagut, Onder Alpdogan, Thomas W Van Huystee, Jeffrey M Eng, Vanessa M Hubbard, Adam A Kochman, Kartono H Tjoe, Carlo Riccardi, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Shimon Sakaguchi, Alan N Houghton, Marcel R M Van Den Brink

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related gene (GITR) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family that is expressed at low levels on unstimulated T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Upon activation, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells up-regulate GITR expression, whereas immunoregulatory T cells constitutively express high levels of GITR. Here, we show that GITR may regulate alloreactive responses during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Using a BMT model with major histocompatibility complex class I and class II disparity, we demonstrate that GITR stimulation in vitro and in vivo enhances alloreactive CD8(+)CD25(-) T …

Medical Education Digest, Vol. 6 No. 4 (July 15, 2004), Nova Southeastern University

Medical Education Digest

No abstract provided.

Long-Term Evaluation Of The Use Of The Transdermal Contraceptive Patch In Adolescents, Stephanie Logsdon, Jessica Richards, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The transdermal contraceptive patch, Ortho Evra™, was approved in December 2001 and released on the market in June 2002. In this study, we reviewed clinical data of young women who started the patch between June 2002 and December 2003 in the adolescent medicine clinic at a university-based outpatient center. A total of 62 patients started the patch in that period and two of them were lost to follow-up. Mean age of patients was 17.9 years and mean length of use was 10 cycles. Only 10 patients (16.7%) discontinued use. Reasons for discontinuation were moderate to severe skin irritation (3 patients, …

Clinical Profiles, Occurrence, And Management Of Adolescent Patients With Hair-An Syndrome, Hatim A. Omar, Stephanie Logsdon, Jessica Richards

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The syndrome of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN) is a subphenotype of the polycystic ovary syndrome. It is one of the most common causes of menstrual problems, hyperandrogenic symptoms, and insulin resistance among young women. Review of clinical data in an outpatient adolescent clinic showed that of the 1,002 young women (ages 10-21 years) attending the clinic over a 2-year period, 50 (5%) were diagnosed with HAIR-AN syndrome. Mean age of the patients was 15.5, initial mean weight at diagnosis was 94.5 kg, and the mean BMI was 33.33 kg/m2. Patients were treated with a weight-stabilization and -reduction …

Com Outlook Summer 2004, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema: Case Report, S M. Abbas, M Q. Hoda

Department of Anaesthesia

No abstract provided.

Oncolog, Volume 49, Number 07/08, July/August 2004, Dawn Chalaire, David Galloway, Ellen Manzullo Md

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Proton Therapy Comes into Its Own
• Treating Patients with Cancer Requires Looking Beyond the Tumor
• House Call: Protecting Yourself Against Skin Cancer
• DiaLog: Treating Cancer-Related Fatigue, by Ellen Manzullo, MD, FACP, Department of General Internal Medicine, Ambulatory Treatment, and Emergency Care

Cancer Esophagus Karachi 1995-2002:Epidemiology, Risk Factors And Trends, Y. Bhurgri, N. Faridi, L. A.G. Kazi, S. K. Ali, H. Bhurgri, A. Usman, J. Malik, A. Bhurgri, R. Ahmed, S. Muzaffar, N. Kayani, Shahid Pervez, S. H. Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To study the trends of cancer esophagus in Karachi South during 1995-2002 and identify risk factors.

Methods: Incident esophageal cancer cases recorded at the Karachi Cancer Registry for Karachi South, during 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2003 were reviewed. For maximum completion of data, incident cases registered from 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2002 were included for final analyses.

Results: The Age Standardized Incidence Rates (ASIRs) of cancer esophagus in Karachi South for males were 6.5/100,000 (1995-1997) and 6.4/100,000 (1998-2002). In females the observed rates were 7.0/100,000 (1995-1997) and 8.6/100,000 (1998-2002).

Conclusion: In the moderately high incidence, …

First Trimester Diagnosis Of Meckel Gruber Syndrome In Pregnancy, S Munim, S Nadeem, R Sikandar

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

No abstract provided.

Predictors Of Paralysis In The Rheumatoid Cervical Spine In Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty., Jonathan N Grauer, Edwin M Tingstad, Nahshon Rand, Michael J Christie, Alan Hilibrand

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis is sometimes associated with radiographic evidence of instability of the cervical spine, most commonly an abnormal subluxation between vertebrae. When this instability compromises the space that is available for the spinal cord, it may be predictive of paralysis. However, the prevalence of radiographic signs of instability that are predictive of paralysis among patients with nonspinal orthopaedic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown.

METHODS: Radiographs of the cervical spine of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had undergone total joint arthroplasty over a five-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The radiographs were evaluated for predictors of paralysis (a posterior atlantodental …

A Novel Triterpenoid Induces Transforming Growth Factor Β Production By Intraepithelial Lymphocytes To Prevent Ileitis, Laurie A. Minns, Dominique Buzoni-Gatel, Kenneth H. Ely, Nicolas Rachinel, Souphalone Luangsay, Lloyd H. Kasper

Dartmouth Scholarship

The loss of homeostasis is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease. Oral infection of susceptible mice with Toxoplasma gondii results in an acute lethal ileitis characterized by increased interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase; homeostasis results from transforming growth factor β production by intraepithelial lymphocytes. The synthetic oleanane triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule previously shown in vitro to suppress the de novo synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase and to induce the transcription and activation of genes from the transforming growth factor β signaling pathway. We evaluated the immune response in …

Solid Cystic Papillary Epithelial Neoplasm Of Pancreas: A Series Of Three Cases With Review Of Literature, Z Ahmed, N Yaqoob, S Muzaffar, N Kayani, R Minhas

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Transvaginal Sonography- Technique And Limitations, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

The Ultrastructure Of The Olfactory System In Two Species Of Short-Tailed Shrews, Blarina Brevicauda And Blarina Carolinensis, Lisa Johnson Byrum

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Several studies of the fine structure of the olfactory system of rodents have been conducted, but very little research has been done on members of the Insectivora. The olfactory systems of the northern short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda, and the southern short-tailed shrew, Blarina carolinensis, were examined by light and electron microscopy. These shrews were live trapped in the vicinity of Norfolk, Virginia throughout all months of the year. Olfactory tissues were processed following standard transmission and scanning electron microscopy protocols. The olfactory system structures investigated included the olfactory epitheliumlmucosa (OEM), main olfactory bulb (MOB), accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), …

Anemia And Blood Transfusion In The Critically Ill Patient: Role Of Erythropoietin, Howard L. Corwin

Dartmouth Scholarship

Critically ill patients receive an extraordinarily large number of blood transfusions. Between 40% and 50% of all patients admitted to intensive care units receive at least 1 red blood cell (RBC) unit during their stay, and the average is close to 5 RBC units. RBC transfusion is not risk free. There is little evidence that 'routine' transfusion of stored allogeneic RBCs is beneficial to critically ill patients. The efficacy of perioperative recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has been n demonstrated in a variety of elective surgical settings. Similarly, in critically ill patients with multiple organ failure, rHuEPO therapy will also stimulate …

Multiple Testing Methods For Chip-Chip High Density Oligonucleotide Array Data, Sunduz Keles, Mark J. Van Der Laan, Sandrine Dudoit, Simon E. Cawley

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Cawley et al. (2004) have recently mapped the locations of binding sites for three transcription factors along human chromosomes 21 and 22 using ChIP-Chip experiments. ChIP-Chip experiments are a new approach to the genome-wide identification of transcription factor binding sites and consist of chromatin (Ch) immunoprecipitation (IP) of transcription factor-bound genomic DNA followed by high density oligonucleotide hybridization (Chip) of the IP-enriched DNA. We investigate the ChIP-Chip data structure and propose methods for inferring the location of transcription factor binding sites from these data. The proposed methods involve testing for each probe whether it is part of a bound sequence …

Roger W. Anderson, Phd, Oral History Interview, May 18, 2004, Roger W. Anderson Phd, Lesley W. Brunet

Interview Sessions

Major Topics Covered:

• Career at MD Anderson
• The history of the Pharmacy Division
• Integrating pharmacists within departments at MD Anderson including Nursing and Developmental Therapeutics
• Pharmacist's role in improving chemotherapy drugs and safety monitoring

Clinical Features And Outcome Of Surgery In 30 Patients With Acromegaly, A Chandna, N Islam, A Jabbar, L Zuberi, N Haque

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Objective: To assess the surgical outcome of hypophysectomy in acromegalic patients, differences in response to surgery in micro and macroadenoma and the development of associated hormonal deficiency after surgery.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of charts of acromegalic patients who were operated upon at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, was done. Information regarding presentation, laboratory data, radiological assessment, details of surgery and postoperative outcome was recorded. Surgical outcome was classified depending on the degree of disease control after surgery as biochemical cure, remission and treatment failure.

Results: Out of 30 patients, eighteen (60%) were males and 12 (40%) females with …

Chance-Type Flexion-Distraction Fracture Of Lumbar Spine, Arshad A. Siddiqui, Ahmad Ali Shah

Section of Neurosurgery

A case of a twenty years old male who had been hit by a van at the lower back, presented two weeks later with complete paraplegia and double incontinence is presented. Radiological imaging revealed shearing of spine with fracture line slicing through the second lumbar (L2) vertebra going across all the three vertebral columns with complete retrolisthesis of upper fragment. He was managed conservatively with immobilization and rehabilitation.

Oncolog, Volume 49, Number 06, June 2004, Kate O'Suilleabhain, Katie Prout Matias, Jack Roth Md

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Despite Initial Setbacks, Researchers Are Focusing on Antiangiogenic Therapy More Than Ever
• Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Response to Antiangiogenesis Agents
• "Smart Bombs": Targeted Therapies Home in on Increasingly Well-Defined Targets
• House Call: Understanding Angiogenesis
• DiaLog: Gene Therapy for Cancer: Safety First, by Jack Roth, MD, Chair, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Mucormycosis Complicating Interstitial Nephritis--Two Cases And Brief Literature Review, A Malik, A Soofi, A Ahmad, N Kayani

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Diagnostic Surgical Pathology: The Importance Of Second Opinion In A Developing Country, Z. Ahmed, N. Yaqoob, S. Muzaffar, N. Kayani, Shahid Pervez, S. H. Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To review the cases sent to the section of histopathology, Aga Khan Universty (AKU) for second opinion and see whether there are significant differences in the original outside diagnosis and the subsequent diagnosis submitted by us.

Methods: A retrospective study of all consecutive cases for second opinion in the form of paraffin blocks from 1st Novemver 2001 to 31st July 2002. The primary submitted diagnosis in each case was compared with the subsequent AKU diagnosis.

Results: The study included a total of 381 cases. However, in 45 cases (11.81%), initial histopathological diagnosis was not provided. Out of the remaining …

Bone Formation Using Platelet-Rich Plasma + Allograft: An Experimental Study In Sheep, Edgar Grageda

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Recently Platelet-Rich Plasma has been proven to be an effective regeneration adjunct when combined with autogenous bone in the reconstruction of mandibular defects. However, little is known about the effect of PRP when combined with a bone allograft in the maxillary sinus.

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the ability of PRP to enhance bone regeneration in the maxillary sinus of sheep when combined with DFDBA + CCFDBA. Ten sheep were selected for bilateral sinus augmentation DFDBA + CCFDBA + PRP (test) and DFDBA + CCFDBA (control). Five were sacrificed at 3 months and the other five …

The Anti-Proliferation Effects Of Lycopene On Breast Cancer Cells, Tixieanna Dissmore

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: The incidence and deaths from breast cancer represent the most cause of all cancer deaths among women. Lycopene, the carotenoid in tomatoes has been associated with decreasing risk of prostate, breast, and digestive tract cancers. Various mechanisms of lycopene action have been proposed, including antioxidant activity and pro-differentiation activities. Identifying changes in the expression of proteins modified by lycopene can provide information to study the modulating effects of lycopene carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis development.

Objective: The objective was to study the anti-proliferative effects of lycopene on MCF- 7 human breast cancer cells and to identify changes in protein expression patterns. …

Diabetes: The Interrelationship Between Vascular, Nervous Systems And Avandia, Salameh Bweir

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Diabetes Mellitus has been linked to vascular and neurological impairments. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between vascular endothelial dysfunction, autonomic and somatic nervous systems impairment in diabetic patients. These studies also evaluated the effects of rosiglitazone (Avandia) on the vascular, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems.

Fourteen diabetic subjects and fourteen control subjects (age matched) participated in three series of experiments. Using Whitney volume plesythmography to assess post occlusion blood flow in the subject’s forearm did assessment of vascular endothelial function. Evaluating skin blood flow, orthostatic tolerance, heart rate, and thermal responses under thermal and postural …

Comparison Of Transcranial Electric Motor And Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring During Cervical Spine Surgery., Alan S Hilibrand, Daniel M Schwartz, Venkat Sethuraman, Alexander R Vaccaro, Todd J Albert

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: There has been little enthusiasm for somatosensory evoked potential monitoring in cervical spine surgery as a result, in part, of the increased risk of motor tract injury at this level, to which somatosensory monitoring may be insensitive. Transcranial electric motor evoked potential monitoring allows assessment of the motor tracts; therefore, we compared transcranial electric motor evoked potential and somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during cervical spine surgery to determine the temporal relationship between the changes in the potentials demonstrated by each type of monitoring and neurological sequelae and to identify patient-related and surgical factors associated with intraoperative neurophysiological changes.

METHODS: …