Medical Specialties Commons^™

The Effect Of An Acute Bout Of Aerobic Exercise On Arterial Stiffness And Wave Reflection In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Alyssa L. Borell, Cristin A. Davis

Inquiry Journal 2006

No abstract provided.

We Must Test The Blood For Antigens, Fred W. Markham Jr.

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Og1rf And An Isogenic Fsrb Deletion Mutant By Transcriptional Analysis: The Fsr System Of Enterococcus Faecalis Is More Than The Activator Of Gelatinase And Serine Protease, Agathe Bourgogne, Susan G Hilsenbeck, Gary M Dunny, Barbara E Murray

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The FsrABC system of Enterococcus faecalis controls the expression of gelatinase and a serine protease via a quorum-sensing mechanism, and recent studies suggest that the Fsr system may also regulate other genes important for virulence. To investigate the possibility that Fsr influences the expression of additional genes, we used transcriptional profiling, with microarrays based on the E. faecalis strain V583 sequence, to compare the E. faecalis strain OG1RF with its isogenic mutant, TX5266, an fsrB deletion mutant. We found that the presence of an intact fsrB influences expression of numerous genes throughout the growth phases tested, namely, late log to …

The Diagnostic Yield Of Various Tests For Helicobacter Pylori Infection In Patients On Acid Reducing Drugs, Javed Yakoob, Wasim Jafri, Z Abbas, Shahab Abid, Muhammad Islam, Saeed Hamid, Syed H Shah

Section of Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

Significance Of Immunohistochemistry In Accurate Characterization Of Malignant Tumors, Zubair Ahmed, Najamul Sahar Azad, Yasmeen Bhurgari, Rashida Ahmed, Naila Kayani, Shahid Pervez, Sheema Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: To determine in a large series of surgical biopsies the role and significance of immunohistochemistry in the adequate and accurate characterization of malignant tumors.

Methods: A retrospective study of 20,000 consecutive surgical biopsies reported in the Section of Histopathology, AKU in 2003. Data was obtained by retrieving the filed surgical biopsy reports in the section.

Results And Conclusions: Out of the 20,000 biopsies, 6534 (32.67%) were neoplastic. 4726 neoplasms (72.33%) were malignant, and 1808 (27.67%) were benign. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 29.49% of malignant tumors, and 4.97% of benign tumors. Immunos were performed on only 2.82% of routine squamous …

Incidence Of Acute Respiratory Infections In Children 2 Months To 5 Years Of Age In Periurban Communities In Karachi, Pakistan, Shaikh Qamaruddin Nizami, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Rumina Hasan

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: To measure the incidence of acute respiratory infections and burden of respiratory pathogens in children aged two months to five years.
Methods: Four periurban communities in Karachi were selected for the study. The children, identified with fever and cough during community surveillance at regular intervals, were referred to especially established study clinics. These children were diagnosed to have "no pneumonia", "pneumonia" and "severe pneumonia" as per IMCI guidelines. To identify the causative organisms, children with pneumonia and severe pneumonia were investigated with oropharyngeal swabs and blood culture.
Results: Acute respiratory infection was seen in 5884 children during 1st February …

Effects Of Sapk/Jnk Inhibitors On Preimplantation Mouse Embryo Development Are Influenced Greatly By The Amount Of Stress Induced By The Media, Yufen Xie, E. E. Puscheck, D. A. Rappolee

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research Publications

Stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun kinase (SAPK/JNK) is thought to be necessary for preimplantation embryonic development (Maekawa et al., 2005). However, media increases SAPK/JNK phosphorylation and these levels negatively correlate with embryonic development (Wang et al., 2005). Culture-induced stress could confuse analysis of the role of SAPK in development. In this study, we tested how SAPK/JNK inhibitors influence embryonic development in optimal and non-optimal media and define the contribution of cell survival and proliferation to the embryonic response to these media. SAPK/JNK inhibitors retard embryonic development in suboptimal Ham’s F10, but improve development in optimal potassium (K+) simplex optimized media (KSOM) +AA. …

Cationic Amino Acid Transport Across The Blood-Brain Barrier Is Mediated Exclusively By System Y+, Robyn L. O'Kane, Juan R. Viña, Ian Simpson, Rosa Zaragozá, Ashwini Mokashi, Richard A. Hawkins

Publications and Research

Cationic amino acid (CAA) transport is brought about by two families of proteins that are found in various tissues: Cat (CAA transporter), referred to as system y+, and Bat [broad-scope amino acid (AA) transporter], which comprises systems b0,+, B0,+, and y+L. CAA traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but experiments done in vivo have only been able to examine the BBB from the luminal (blood-facing) side. In the present study, plasma membranes isolated from bovine brain microvessels were used to identify and characterize the CAA transporter(s) on both sides of the BBB. From these studies, it was concluded that system y+ …

Successful Treatment Of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate-Related Vaginal Bleeding Improves Continuation Rates In Adolescents, Kristin M. Rager, Amy Fowler, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

High discontinuation rates for depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in adolescents may contribute to the number of unintended pregnancies. Many cite vaginal bleeding as a reason for discontinuing DMPA use. In this study, we attempted to determine if treating DMPA-associated vaginal bleeding with monophasic oral contraceptive pills (OCP) raised continuation rates. A total of 131 patients who reported vaginal bleeding while on DMPA were included in this study and 83 were treated with monophasic OCP. Of those who received OCP, 38.7% reported that vaginal bleeding stopped completely, 51.8% reported that vaginal bleeding stopped temporarily, and 6.0% reported no change. Overall, 94% …

Racial Disparity And Socioeconomic Status In Association With Survival In Older Men With Local/Regional Stage Prostate Cancer: Findings From A Large Community-Based Cohort, Xianglin L. Du, Shenying Fang, Ann L. Coker, Corinne Aragaki, Janice N. Cormier, Yan Xing, Beverly J. Gor, Wenyaw Chan

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

BACKGROUND

Few studies have examined the outcomes for Hispanic men with prostate carcinoma and incorporated socioeconomic factors in association with race/ethnicity in affecting survival, adjusting for factors on cancer stage, grade, comorbidity, and treatment.

METHODS

We studied a population-based cohort of 61,228 men diagnosed with local or regional stage prostate carcinoma at age 65 years or older between 1992 and 1999 in the 11 SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) areas, identified from the SEER-Medicare linked data with up to 11 years of followup.

RESULTS

Low socioeconomic status was significantly associated with decreasing survival in all men with prostate carcinoma. …

Holistic Health: Does It Really Include Mental Health?, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Marlene B. Huff, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Holistic health, incorporating mind and body as equally important and unified components of health, is a concept utilized in some health care arenas in the United States (U.S.) over the past 30 years. However, in the U.S., mental health is not seen as conceptually integral to physical health and, thus, holistic health cannot be realized until the historical concept of mind-body dualism, continuing stigma regarding mental illness, lack of mental health parity in insurance, and inaccurate public perceptions regarding mental illness are adequately addressed and resolved. Until then, mental and physical health will continue to be viewed as disparate entities …

The Growing Burden Of Chronic Kidney Disease In Pakistan, Tazeen H. Jafar

Section of Nephrology

No abstract provided.

Clinical Holistic Medicine: Holistic Sexology And Acupressure Through The Vagina (Hippocratic Pelvic Massage), Søren Ventegodt, Birgitte Clausen, Hatim A. Omar, Joav Merrick

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Many gynecological and sexological problems (like urine incontinence, chronic pelvic pains, vulvodynia, and lack of lust, excitement, and orgasm) are resistant to standard medical treatment. In our work at the Research Clinic for Holistic Medicine in Copenhagen, we have found that vaginal acupressure, or Hippocratic pelvic massage, can help some of these problems. Technically, it is a very simple procedure as it corresponds to the explorative phase of the standard pelvic examination, supplemented with the patient's report on the feelings it provokes and the processing and integration of these feelings. Sometimes it can be very difficult to control the emotions …

Trans-Mastoid Approach To Otogenic Brain Abscess, Ashfaq A. Razzaq, Rashid Jooma, Shahid Ahmed

Section of Neurosurgery

The treatment of otogenic brain abscess initially involves excision or aspiration of the abscess through a temporal or sub-occipital route depending on its location. This is followed by a mastoidectomy by the ENT surgeon to eradicate the primary source of infection. During the last three years, we have approached such lesions through a mastoidectomy followed by excision of the abscess through the same approach. This trans-mastoid approach is technically feasible in following the tract of suppuration, and clearing the cause and effect of pathology, at the same sitting. This paper describes our initial experience with the trans-mastoid approach to otogenic …

Vital Signs, Spring 2006, Boonshoft School Of Medicine

Vital Signs

A twenty-eight page newsletter created by the Boonshoft School of Medicine to document the current affairs of the school. This issue includes a variety of feature articles, faculty profiles, class notes, and more.

Medical Education Digest, Vol. 8 No. 2 (March/April 2006), Nova Southeastern University

Medical Education Digest

No abstract provided.

Foreword: Anti-Angiogenic Therapy: Maximizing Therapeutic Gain, Adam P. Dicker

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Oncolog Volume 51, Number 03, March 2006, Dawn Chalaire, Martha Morrison

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• What Happens Next? Managing the Care of Long-Term Cancer Survivors
• House Call: Relieving Symptoms with Acupuncture
• 50 Years of OncoLog

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Spring 2006), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Spring 2006 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates and Kudos
• The Business of Being a Doctor
• A Weighty Issue: Obesity Study at PCOM Healthcare Center
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn
• Million Dollar Campaign
• PCOM Events

The Impact Of Four Common Lumbar Spine Diagnoses Upon Overall Health Status, Michael A. Pahl, Brian Brislin, Scott Boden, Alan S. Hilibrand, Alexander Vaccaro, Brett Hanscom, Todd J. Albert

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Background Context: The SF-36 health survey has been shown to be a valid instrument when used to measure the self-reported physical and mental health of patients. The impact of lumbar spinal disorders can be assessed as the difference between the SF-36 scale scores and age-and-gender specific population norms.

Purpose: To establish the impact upon the self-reported health status of patients with one of four common lumbar spinal diagnoses.

Study Design: A cross-sectional, observational assessment of the health status of spine patients.

Methods: Data from patients presenting to the participating centers of the National Spine Network with low back pain and/or …

Zonisamide For Migraine Prophylaxis In Refractory Patients, Avi Ashkenazi, Adam Benlifer, Jason Korenblit, Stephen D. Silberstein

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Zonisamide, a new antiepileptic drug, has been approved in the US as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial seizures in adults.^1,2 Chemically a sulfonamide analogue, zonisamide is thought to have several mechanisms of action, including a rate-dependent blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels and reduction of ion flow through T-type calcium channels.^3-5 It is also a weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Zonisamide has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile that includes high oral bioavailability and a long half life (63 hours), permitting a once- or twice-daily dosing regimen.⁶

There are only a limited number of current migraine preventive medications that …

Prevalence Of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Individuals Screened Positive For Diabetes In Five Community Based Eye Camps In Northern Karachi Pakistan, Jamal-U- Din, Mohammad Babar Qureshi, Akhtar Jamal Khan, Mohammad Daud Khan, Khabir Ahmed

Department of Surgery Docs

Background: Population-based data on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Pakistan are lacking. We determined the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among individuals screened positive for diabetes in five community-based eye camps in northern Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: In summer 2002, five community-based eye camps were set up in Karachi, Pakistan’s largest city. All individuals aged 30 years or older who visited the camps were requested to participate in the study. Those who agreed were screened for diabetes and those found to have the disease were referred to an eye hospital for diabetic retinopathy screening. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all …

Life Threatening Mediastinal Haematoma: A Complication Of Central Venous Catheterization, Omer Ashraf, Hasanat Sharif

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Central venous catheterization (CVC) has established risks and benefits in its application as a vascular access source, particularly in situations involving temporary cannulation. We present a rare case of life-threatening mediastinal haematoma resulting from CVC usage. Even though aggressive intervention yielded survival, the patient was left with permanent vocal compromise owing to traumatic palsy of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. One should be careful in selection of venous access and be aware of alternatives routes.

Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma Of Lymph Node - A Rare Entity, Safoorah Khalid, Nausheen Yaqoob, Shahid Pervez

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are non-lymphoid, non-phagocytic accessory cells in the immune system that are essential for antigen presentation and germinal center reaction regulation1. These cells are CD21+, CD35+, CD1a- and S100 protein + and they show desmosomes ultrastructurally.

The most commonly involved sites by FDC tumors are lymph nodes but may arise at a variety of extranodal sites including oral cavity, tonsil, gastrointestinal tract and liver. Most studies represent single case reports or case series.

Our patient presented with tumor in the lymph nodes. Histology revealed tumor cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei, and prominent nucleoli. …

Visual-Spatial & Visual-Motor Function In Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients, Stephanine Dianne Griffone

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Heart surgery is commonly used to repair congenital heart defects and to perform heart transplantation. The associated hypoxia before or during the surgery may cause damage in the parasaggital area of the cerebral cortex, with resulting difficulty during tasks requiring visual-spatial and visual-motor skills. This study compares the performance of children who received a heart transplant during infancy to that of nonclinical children with no medical complications on three visual-motor measures, three visual-spatial measures, and two computerized visual-spatial tasks - a Block Design Matching task and a Mental Rotation task. The children who received a heart transplant achieved significantly lower …

Pakistan - Country Profile Of Cancer And Cancer Control 1995-2004, Yasmin Bhurgri, Asif Bhurgri, Sania Nishter, Ashfaq Ahmed, Ahmed Usman, Shahid Pervez, Naila Kayani, Rashida Ahmed, Sheema H. Hassan, Ahmed Riaz, Hadi Bhurgri, Imtiaz Bashir

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Diagnostic Value Of Chest X-Ray And Echocardiography For Cardiac Tamponade In Post Cardiac Surgery Patients, Mohammad Hamid, Mueen Ullah Khan, Allen C. Bashour

Department of Anaesthesia

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of X-ray and echocardiography (ECHO) as a diagnostic tool for cardiac tamponade in adult cardiac surgery patients.Methods: Thirty five coronary artery bypass and graft surgery patients who developed cardiac tamponade at Cleveland clinic foundation, were included in this study. Their diagnosis was confirmed at the time of re-exploration in the operating room. These patients were followed retrospectively for demographics, X-ray and echocardiography findings. Abnormal and enlarged cardiac silhouette which was different from first postoperative X-ray was used as radiological criteria for tamponade while echocardiographic diagnosis was left to the discretion of cardiologist.Results: Twenty four males …

Standardization Of Anaesthesia Ready Time And Reasons Of Delay In Induction Of Anaesthesia, Saeed U. Zafar, Fauzia Anees Khan, Mueenullah Khan

Department of Anaesthesia

Objective: Anaesthesia-Ready Time (ART) is the time taken by the anaesthetist to provide sufficient anaesthetic depth for start of surgery. Our aim was to set benchmark timings for ART and compare it with our current practice.Methods: Benchmark ART time of 15 minutes was set for American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I and II patients, 30 minutes for ASA III and IV patients, 20 minutes for spinal and 30 minutes for epidural anaesthesia. An additional 15 minutes was added for each invasive procedure.Results: Three hundred elective cases were audited. Seventy eight percent of the cases were within benchmark timings. The …

Hepatic And Renal Cytochrome P450 Gene Regulation During Citrobacter Rodentium Infection In Wild-Type And Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mutant Mice, Terrilyn A Richardson, Melanie Sherman, Leposava Antonovic, Sean S Kardar, Henry W Strobel, Daniel Kalman, Edward T Morgan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Citrobacter rodentium is the rodent equivalent of human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection. This study investigated regulation of hepatic and renal cytochrome P450 (P450) mRNAs, hepatic P450 proteins, cytokines, and acute phase proteins during C. rodentium infection. Female C3H/HeOuJ (HeOu) and C3H/HeJ (HeJ) mice [which lack functional toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)] were infected with C. rodentium by oral gavage and sacrificed 6 days later. Hepatic CYP4A10 and 4A14 mRNAs were decreased in HeOu mice (

Surgical Decision Making For Unstable Thoracolumbar Spine Injuries: Results Of A Consensus Panel Review By The Spine Trauma Study Group, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Moe R. Lim, R. John Hurlbert, Ronald A. Lehman, James Harrop, D. Charles Fisher, Marcel Dvorak, D. Greg Anderson, Steven C. Zeiller, Joon Y. Lee, Michael G. Fehlings, F. C. Oner, Spine Trauma Study Group

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Objectives: The optimal surgical approach and treatment of unstable thoracolumbar spine injuries are poorly defined owing to a lack of widely accepted level I clinical literature. This lack of evidence based standards has led to varied practice patterns based on individual surgeon preferences. The purpose of this study was to survey the leaders in the field of spine trauma to define the major characteristics of thoracolumbar injuries that influence their surgical decision making. In the absence of good scientific data, expert consensus opinions may provide surgeons with a practical framework to guide therapy and to conduct future research.

Methods: A …