Nervous System Diseases Commons^™

Evidence That Brain-Reactive Autoantibodies Contribute To Chronic Neuronal Internalization Of Exogenous Amyloid-Β1-42 And Key Cell Surface Proteins During Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis, Eric L Goldwaser, Nimish K Acharya, Hao Wu, George A Godsey, Abhirup Sarkar, Cassandra A Demarshall, Mary C Kosciuk, Robert G Nagele

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is a recognized early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we examined consequences of increased BBB permeability on the development of AD-related pathology by tracking selected leaked plasma components and their interactions with neurons in vivo and in vitro. Histological sections of cortical regions of postmortem AD brains were immunostained to determine the distribution of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42), cathepsin D, IgG, GluR2/3, and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Results revealed that chronic IgG binding to pyramidal neurons coincided with internalization of Aβ42, IgG, GluR2/3, and α7nAChR as well as lysosomal compartment expansion in these …

A Novel Case Of Bacterial Meningitis In A Patient With Loeys-Dietz, Lacey D. Colvin Do, Christy Fagg

Infectious Disease

No abstract provided.

At Therapeutics Conference, Landmark Study Of Young Gene Carriers Highlights How Huntington's Disease Researchers Seek To Solve Critical Puzzles, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Striving To Overcome The Doom Of Huntington’S Disease, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Models For Evaluation And Transfer Of Patients With Suspected Large Vessel Occlusions, Edward Jauch, Parita Bhuva, Alex Schneider, Jason Thurman, Josh Lewis, Kathryn Mccarthy, Debra Philpot, Robin Jones, Albert Yoo, Don Frei

Neurology

Introduction: Mechanisms for the hospital identification of patients with suspected large vessel occlusions (LVO) vary widely based on referring and receiving stroke center resources. We compared processes for identifying patients with suspected LVO who may be candidates for endovascular therapy (EVT) at non-EVT hospitals and the criteria for interfacility transport to Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSC) for potential EVT. Methods: Data were obtained from 4 CSC which serve distinct geographic regions, ranging from rural to urban environments, over a continuous 12 month period of time beginning year 2018. Patients transferred from all referring hospitals to these facilities were considered regardless of …

Hispanics Have Higher Grade Intracerebral Hemorrhage Compared To Non-Hispanics, Jessica Houck Do, Tej Stead, Paul Banerjee, Latha Ganti Md

Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy With Triphasic Waves: A Case, Brian Birdsong, Brielle Marks, Rishim Jayswal, Adeel Rahman

Psychiatry

No abstract provided.

A Ten-Year Retrospective Evaluation Of Acute Flaccid Myelitis At 5 Pediatric Centers In The United States, 2005-2014., Margaret M. Cortese, Anita K. Kambhampati, Jennifer E. Schuster, Zaid Alhinai, Gary R. Nelson, Gloria J. Guzman Perez-Carrillo, Arastoo Vossough, Michael A. Smit, Robert C. Mckinstry, Timothy Zinkus, Kevin R. Moore, Jeffrey M. Rogg, Meghan S. Candee, James J. Sejvar, Sarah E. Hopkins

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a severe illness similar to paralytic poliomyelitis. It is unclear how frequently AFM occurred in U.S. children after poliovirus elimination. In 2014, an AFM cluster was identified in Colorado, prompting passive US surveillance that yielded 120 AFM cases of unconfirmed etiology. Subsequently, increased reports were received in 2016 and 2018. To help inform investigations on causality of the recent AFM outbreaks, our objective was to determine how frequently AFM had occurred before 2014, and if 2014 cases had different characteristics.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study covering 2005-2014 at 5 pediatric centers in 3 …

I’M A Huntington’S Disease Gene Carrier At Age 60, So Why Haven't I Developed Symptoms Yet?, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

A Neural Mechanism For Capnotaxis In The Naked Mole-Rat, Michael Zions

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

A Neural Mechanism for Capnotaxis in the Naked Mole-Rat

The Naked Mole-Rat (NM-R) is a small hairless rodent that has thrived underground in the Horn of Africa for the past 40 million years. It was first discovered in 1847, but has only been maintained in captivity and studied as a laboratory animal over the past 40 years. To date, more than 400 scientific papers have been published on this species. This is relatively few compared to established lab animals like rats and mice, but those papers contain a trove of information that has changed our understanding of the constraints of …

Psychological Distress And Its Associated Factors Among Informal Care Givers Of Disabled Young Adults With Traumatic Brain Injuries, Samera Punjwani, Yasmin Parpio, Rubina Barolia, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim, Nargis Asad

Department of Surgery Docs

Objective: To measure the psychological distress among the informal caregivers of disabled young adults with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and to identify its associated factors.
Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted with 76 informal caregivers of young adults (19 - 50 years) with TBI, using admission records of one of the tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan from 2015 to 2016. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising a general demographic questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire- 28. The effect of the predictors on the psychological distress was determined by applying multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: The …

Giant 75mm Intracranial Aneurysm Masquerading As Primary Malignancy, Andrew W. Hwang, Satvir Dhillon Md, Remus Popa

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

Planning A ‘Dancing At The Vatican’ Screening To Celebrate The Global Huntington's Disease Community's Journey, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Ectopic Pregnancy In A Woman With T9 Ais A Paraplegia Secondary To High-Grade Spinal Cord Pilocytic Astrocytoma, Elisabeth K. Acker

Graduate Medical Education (GME) Resident and Fellow Research Day Posters

Ectopic pregnancy in a woman with T9 AIS A (motor complete, sensory complete) paraplegia secondary to a high-grade spinal cord pilocytic astrocytoma

Background

In the United States, 20,000 women of childbearing age have a spinal cord injury (SCI). While SCI induces transient amenorrhea immediately after injury, women generally have normal reproductive function after SCI, and their fertility is unimpaired. Medications that commonly manage complications of SCI should be avoided or discontinued during pregnancy. Complications inherent to SCI, including urologic issues, are often exacerbated during pregnancy.

Methods

This is a case report on a female Veteran who initially presented to the …

Polio To The Rescue; New Frontiers In Glioblastoma Treatment, Syed Sarmad Bukhari, Aneela Darbar, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

Lack of substantial progress in effective treatment of glioblastomamultiforme has led investigators to explore unconventional treatment options including the use of tumour treating fields and oncolyticvirotherapy. Herein the authors have reviewed some of the recent literature on oncolyticvirotherapy for the treatment of glioblastomamultiforme.

Electrochemical Detection Of Neurotransmitters, Saikat Banerjee, Stephanie Mccracken, Md Faruk Hossain, Gymama Slaughter

Bioelectrics Publications

Neurotransmitters are important chemical messengers in the nervous system that play a crucial role in physiological and physical health. Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters have been correlated with physical, psychotic, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, dementia, addiction, depression, and schizophrenia. Although multiple neurotechnological approaches have been reported in the literature, the detection and monitoring of neurotransmitters in the brain remains a challenge and continues to garner significant attention. Neurotechnology that provides high-throughput, as well as fast and specific quantification of target analytes in the brain, without negatively impacting the implanted region is highly desired for the monitoring of the …

Ndrg1 And Myelin-Related Disease: Alcoholism And Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy, Guy Harris

Theses and Dissertations

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disease with profound health, social, and economic consequences. With an estimated 50% heritability, identifying genes that engender risk and contribute to the underlying neurobiological mechanisms represents an important first step in developing effective treatments. Gene expression studies are an important source of candidate genes for studying AUD, providing windows into the molecular machinery engaged by the brain in response to ethanol. Our laboratory has implicated N-myc down-regulated gene 1 (Ndrg1) as a potential candidate gene that modulates ethanol-induced changes in myelin-related gene expression and acute sensitivity to ethanol. Analysis of …

Meaningful Measurement Matters: Defining Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use To Target Cognitive Outcomes, Ashley I. Martinez

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Preventable and unintended consequences of medication use occur in more than 25% of ambulatory and hospitalized patients, and nearly half of long-term care patients. Unfortunately, many medications used to treat common health conditions in older adults (such as anxiety, behavioral disturbances, incontinence, insomnia, depression, and pain) have also been linked to cognitive impairment and decline. Recently, substantial efforts to investigate medications and medication classes that may be associated with cognitive impairment and decline in older adults have been undertaken. Unfortunately, studies have used a wide variety of different tools to define “potentially inappropriate medication” (PIM) use, and no published literature …

Combination Of Investigational Cell-Based Therapy And Deep Brain Stimulation To Alter The Progression Of Parkinson’S Disease, Nader El Seblani

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and the motor symptoms are caused by progressive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. There is no current treatment that can slow or reverse PD. Our current “DBS-Plus” clinical trial (NCT02369003) features the implantation in vivo of autologous Schwann cells (SCs) derived from a patient’s sural nerve into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in combination with Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) therapy for treating patients with advanced PD.

The central hypothesis of our research is that transdifferentiated SCs within conditioned nerve tissue will deliver pro-regenerative factors to enhance the survival of …

Role Of Pancreatic Amylin In Alzheimer’S And Brain Microvascular Pathologies, Han Gia Ly

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

Alzheimer disease (AD) and cerebral vascular disease (CVD) are common causes of impaired cognition and behavior in humans. Epidemiological studies have shown that AD and CVD development and progression associated with metabolic risk factors including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive, which hampers the development of treatment and prevention strategies. Research results from our laboratory and others have shown that amylin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas and involved in glucose homeostasis, induces small-vessel-type pathologies and modulates amyloid composition in both familial (genetically predisposed) and sporadic forms of AD. The results indicate amylin as a …

The Comparative Efficacy Of Amantadine Vs. Lcig Therapy For The Treatment Of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia In Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease, Katelynn Timony

Capstone Showcase

Introduction: Though levodopa-carbidopa therapy remains the gold standard of Parkinson’s disease (PD) treatment to this day, patients often experience increased dyskinetic activity as a result of long-term treatment; known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID); the mechanism of which is not completely understood. In this review, the efficacy of two adjunct treatments for LID are compared: 1) the concomitant administration of amantadine, an antiviral medication with antidyskinetic properties; and 2) a new form of levodopa administration in the form of an intestinal gel delivered straight via a device much like an insulin pump.

Methods: Two systematic literature searches of primary, peer-reviewed articles …

Comparing Open And Fetoscopic Fetal Surgical Repairs Of Myelomeningocele, Kyra Isaacs

Capstone Showcase

Introduction: There have been great advances in the treatment of myelomeningocele (MMC) spina bifida in the past 20 years. An open surgical repair in-utero has been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity, specifically decreasing the rate of shunt placement and hindbrain herniation compared to a postnatal surgical approach. However, this surgery introduced risks to the mother that were never a consideration in previous surgical approaches.

Methods: This paper compares research on new minimally invasive fetoscopic surgical techniques to open fetal surgery in the prenatal repair of MMC. Searches in PubMed and Clinical Key were conducted to produce papers published on …

Efficacy Of Onabotulinumtoxina (Botox) Injections Compared To Oral Topiramate In Reduction Of Migraines Suffered In Adults, Stephanie Blaha

Capstone Showcase

Abstract

Introduction: Migraines are a leading cause of disability in many people worldwide. There are numerous postulations as to their etiology and various medications that treat them. As crippling as migraines are, it is critical that there are therapies to prevent them rather than just treat them acutely. Both OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) and Topiramate have been shown to be beneficial as prophylaxis for migraines. This review aims to determine if, in adults who suffer from chronic migraines [P], OnabotulinumtoxinA injections [I] are more effective than oral Topiramate [C] in reduction of the amount of migraines suffered [O].

Methods: A literature search …

Evaluation Of A Concussion Management And Discharge Education Training Module For Emergency Department Nurses, Carmen Frede

DNP Projects

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to improve the Emergency Department (ED) nurses’ knowledge on identifying patients at risk for concussions and delivering effective concussion discharge education using an educational training intervention.

Methods: This project used a descriptive, non-randomized pre-post survey design. Participation involved three stages: a pre-education survey to assess baseline concussion education knowledge, an educational intervention consisting of a narrated PowerPoint presentation, and a post-education survey to evaluate knowledge on concussion discharge education. The intervention was delivered online via the UK Canvas educational platform.

Results: The majority of nursing staff participants were female (97%) and had a …

Rna Sequencing Of Human Peripheral Nerve In Response To Injury: Distinctive Analysis Of The Nerve Repair Pathways., Andrew S. Welleford, Jorge E. Quintero, Nader El Seblani, Eric Blalock, Sumedha Gunewardena, Steven M. Shapiro, Sean M. Riordan, Peter Huettl, Zain Guduru, John A. Stanford, Craig G. Van Horne, Greg A. Gerhardt

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The development of regenerative therapies for central nervous system diseases can likely benefit from an understanding of the peripheral nervous system repair process, particularly in identifying potential gene pathways involved in human nerve repair. This study employed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology to analyze the whole transcriptome profile of the human peripheral nerve in response to an injury. The distal sural nerve was exposed, completely transected, and a 1 to 2 cm section of nerve fascicles was collected for RNA-seq from six participants with Parkinson's disease, ranging in age between 53 and 70 yr. Two weeks after the initial injury, another …

Cerebrovascular Dysfunction And Degeneration In Alzheimer’S Disease Pathophysiology, Dominic Dimitri Quintana

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a terminal illness and the most common form of dementia, which disproportionately affects the aged population. The pathophysiology of AD is characterized by neurodegeneration that slowly progresses, affecting regions of the brain that are involved in learning, memory, language, and executive function. In patients with the disease, early symptoms include non-disruptive forgetfulness that evolves into the inability to form new memories and ultimately the loss of autonomy at late stages. Histopathological hallmarks in the brain from patients with AD is the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ)-plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) deposited in the parenchyma. Since the discovery …

Effect Of Western Diet And Caloric Substitution With Apple Pomace On Fatty Acid Composition And Gene Expression In The Hypothalamus Of Growing Female Sprague-Dawley Rats, Ayad Abdulhamid Alawadi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The hypothalamus plays a major role in regulating food-intake and energy-expenditure. Hypothalamic dysfunction implicated in neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by diet-induced neuroinflammation and energy dysregulation. Apple pomace, a waste byproduct of processing, is rich in polyphenols and soluble fibers, has the potential to ameliorate diet-inducing inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Western diet and caloric substitution of Western diet with 10% apple pomace on brain fatty acid composition and gene expression related to hypothalamic function and health in growing female rats. Growing female Sprague-Dawley rats (age 22-29 days) were randomly assigned (n=8 rats/group) to …

Impact Of Non-Pharmacological Treatment Methods And Lifestyle Modification On Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms And Progression, Emily Moret

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, neurological, autoimmune condition that is characterized by unpredictable demyelination of the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis remains one of the most debilitating neurological diseases for young adults, affecting an average of 2.5 per 100,000 people worldwide. The objective of this research was to further assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological treatment methods for symptom management and disease progression for multiple sclerosis. A systemic literature review was conducted using 4 research databases: American Search Premier, Medline, Cochrane, and CINAHL. Studies were included if they addressed nonpharmacological treatment approaches to multiple sclerosis. A total of 21 research articles …

Modeling Genetic Risk Factor Of Alzheimer's Disease "Sorl1" Using Patient Specific Pluripotent Stem Cells, Kamonchanok Kongsri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative; cause of dementia and trends to increase in elder society. There is still not cure. A new strategy development for treatment is needed. SORL1 is a major genetic risk factor associated with sporadic AD. It correlates with degrading amyloid beta (Aβ) by sorting to lysosome. SORL1 overexpression has been reported that reduce Aβ production. However, the molecular mechanism that regulate in neurons is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to generate an effective drug discovery platform for identifying molecules that can modulate SORL1 level in human neurons by using induced pluripotent …

Exploring The Heteromeric Interface Of The 5-Ht2a-Mglu2 Receptor Complex, Mohamed Aarif Abdul Kareem

Theses and Dissertations

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder characteristic of several neurotransmitters including dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate being in imbalance. Early therapies focused solely on dopamine antagonism and second-generation antipsychotics focused on the dopamine and serotonin systems and their respective G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) proteins. Although debate for dimerization of certain classes of GPCR exist, the establishment of an mGlu2-5-HT_2A heterocomplex, which is implicated in schizophrenia is of interest. Previous studies have used a mutation-based approach to identify transmembrane domain 4 (TM4) as the domain responsible in mGlu2 for mediating heteromerization before narrowing down the individual amino acids responsible for …