Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Energy Expenditure And Enjoyment Of Active Television Viewing, Lori A. Portzer, Renee J. Rogers, Bethany Barone Gibbs, Andrea L. Hergenroeder, Amy D. Rickman, John M. Jakicic

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 64-76, 2016. This study examined energy expenditure and enjoyment during sedentary television viewing (SED-TV), stepping in place during television commercials (COMM-TV), and physical activity prompted by common character phrases/mannerisms within a television program (PA-TV). Adults (N=38, age: 27.0±8.0 years, BMI: 25.4±4.2 kg/m2) completed three 30-minute sessions in random order: SED-TV, COMM-TV, and PA-TV. Energy expenditure and heart rate were assessed during each session. Enjoyment was assessed after the initial experimental session and at completion of the study. Energy expenditure was greater in the active versus sedentary sessions (COMM-TV vs SED-TV: difference = 32.7±1.9 kcal, …

The Relationship Between Aerobic Capacity And Bone Health In Young Women, Brittany R. Masteller, Curt B. Dixon, Eric S. Rawson, Joseph L. Andreacci

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 56-63, 2016. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationship between maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) and bone health in young women. Eighty-three participants (age=21.0±2.2 years; BMI=22.4±3.0 kg/m²) reported for testing on two occasions separated by 48 hours. During visit 1 body composition assessment via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and during visit 2, a VO₂max test performed on a motorized treadmill. Weak correlations were found between absolute VO₂max (L/min) and whole-body bone mineral density (WB-BMD: r=0.24, p=0.031) and whole-body bone mineral content (WB-BMC: …

Validation Of Self-Reported Anthropometrics In Female College Freshmen, Ryan J. Leone, Amy Morgan, Mary-Jon Ludy

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 47-55, 2016. Most investigations concerning the validity of self-reported anthropometrics focus on weight, height, and body mass index. This study extends those investigations by exploring the impact of self-reporting bias on the disease risk indicators of waist circumference and body fat percentage. Female college freshmen (n=128) self-reported weight and height, then underwent measurements for weight, height, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Self-reporting bias was defined as self-reported minus directly-assessed anthropometric value. Despite no differences in self-reported versus directly-assessed weight or height for the total group, students with high waist circumference and excess fat …

Leukocyte Subset Changes In Response To A 164-Km Road Cycle Ride In A Hot Environment, Hui Ying Luk, Amy L. Mckenzie, Anthony A. Duplanty, Ronald G. Budnar, Danielle Levitt, Alex Fernandez, Elaine C. Lee, Lawrence E. Armstrong, Jakob L. Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 34-46, 2016. The purpose of this observational study was to determine the circulating leukocyte subset response to completing the 2013 Hotter’N Hell Hundred recreational 164-km road cycle event in a hot and humid environmental condition. Twenty-eight men and four women were included in this study. Whole blood samples were obtained 1-2 hours before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) the event. Electronic sizing/sorting and cytometry were used to determine complete blood counts (CBC) including neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte subsets. The concentration of circulating total leukocytes (10³·µL^-1) increased 134% from PRE to …

An Analysis Of The Medical Costs Of Obesity For Fifth Graders In California And Texas, Danielle E. Levitt, Allen W. Jackson, James R. Morrow Jr.

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 26-33, 2016. The prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States increased more than three-fold from 1976 – 1980 to 2007 – 2008. The Presidential Youth Fitness Program’s FitnessGram® is the current method recommended by the President’s Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition for assessing health-related fitness factors, including body composition. FitnessGram® data from California and Texas, the two most populous states, over a three-year time span indicate that more than one-third of fifth grade students, typically ten-year-olds, are obese. Previous studies report that an obese ten-year-old child who remains obese into adulthood will …

Comparison Of Affect And Cardiorespiratory Training Responses Between Structured Gym Activities And Traditional Aerobic Exercise In Children, David A. White, Scott David Rothenberger, Laura A. Hunt, Fredric L. Goss

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 16-25, 2016. Physical activities (PA) that are pleasurable are likely to be repeated. Structured gym activities (SGA) are defined as dodging, chasing, and fleeing games. Traditional aerobic exercises (TAE) are defined as treadmill, cycle ergometer, and elliptical exercise. The purpose of this investigation was to compare affect and cardiorespiratory training responses between SGA and TAE in children. Thirty-two participants (9.3±0.2) were randomized to either the SGA or TAE group. Exercise training was seven weeks, with two sessions per week, for 35 minutes per session. Affect was measured by the (+5 (pleasurable) to -5 (displeasurable)) …

Effects Of A Supportive Audience On A Handgrip Squeezing Task In Adults, Brianna N. Leitzelar, Selen Razon, Umit Tokac, Shannon Dieringer, Cindy Book, Lawrence A. Judge

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 4-15, 2016. The role of social facilitation by way of audience effect in select exercise-related variables during an isometric handgrip task was assessed using a mixed design. Fifty three moderately active participants (M_age= 21.76 + 5.27) were recruited from the Midwestern United States. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: supportive audience or control. Audience members provided positive verbal encouragement to participants in the experimental condition throughout the task performance. Participants in the control group performed the task in the absence of an audience and did not receive any …

2015 International Journal Of Exercise Science Reviewer List

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1) : 1-3, 2016.

How Does High Intensity Interval Exercise Affect Fat Loss?, Melissa Grohman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

US survey trends show that since the 1970’s there has been a decline in energy intake, (consumption of food) and a rise in the prevalence of obesity. This suggests that there must have been a dramatic decrease in total energy expenditure. Energy expenditure is the sum of energy (or calories) the body needs to carry out physical functions such as breathing and digestion, as well as the energy used in physical activity. As the rate of obesity in the US increases, it is becoming more and more important to find ways to increase energy expenditure, specifically through physical activity. Physical …

Intramuscular Tnf-Alpha Signaling In Response To Resistance Exercise And Recovery In Untrained Males., Jeremy Townsend

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κβ) signaling cascade is responsible for mediating stress-activated catabolic effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) downstream of the TNF receptor (TNFR1). NF-κβ transcription factor remains inhibited in the cytosol of the muscle and can be stimulated for translocation and transcription by a variety of external stimuli, most notably by pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, currently there is a gap in the literature with regard to the time course effect of NF-κβ signaling following acute resistance exercise in humans. PURPOSE: To observe the effects of an acute lower-body resistance exercise protocol and subsequent …

Calcitriol Increases Ceramide, Diacylglycerol, And Expression Of Genes Involved In Lipid Packaging In Skeletal Muscle, Grace Elizabeth Jefferson

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Background: Vitamin D is crucial for skeletal muscle function. 25-hidroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has been correlated with skeletal muscle mass and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content. The purpose of this study was to understand how calcitriol, the active vitamin D metabolite, directly affects myocellular size and lipid partitioning.

Methods: C₂C₁₂ myotubes were treated with calcitriol (100nM) or vehicle control for 24 or 96 h. Myotube diameter and protein synthesis rate were measured to determine effects of calcitriol on myocellular size. Intramyocellular triacylglycerol (IMTG), diacylglycerol (DAG), and ceramide content were measured by LC/MS. Expression of genes involved in lipid packaging …

Development And Evaluation Of A Firefighter Physical Performance Program For Undergraduate Fire And Safety Students, Jessica Ann Moody

Online Theses and Dissertations

The number one on-duty cause of death in the fire service is heart attacks. The International Association of Firefighters and the International Association of Fire Chiefs teamed up to create the Candidate Physical Ability Test (CPAT). Fire departments across the nation will have consistent physical performance tests to hire more physically capable candidates as part of the Wellness-Fitness Initiative (International Association of Fire Fighters, 2014).

Eastern Kentucky University is a nationally recognized school for its fire science program; however students are not required to take educational classes to better prepare them for physical performance tests. Students starting in a training …

Effects Of Beta-Alanine Supplementation And High Intensity Interval Training Among Recreationally Active Females, Mary E. Yarbrough

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid that when combined with L-histidine forms the dipeptide carnosine. Recent research has shown that supplementary intake of beta-alanine can substantially increase carnosine content in muscle fibers and has been associated with attenuating fatigue and enhancing high intensity exercise performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 4 weeks of beta-alanine supplementation combined with high intensity interval training (HIIT) on indices of aerobic and anaerobic performance, rowing performance, and body composition. Twenty-one recreationally active females (22.2 ± 2.2 yrs.) participated in a double blind, placebo controlled study and were randomly assigned …

Influence Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors On Remote Ischemic Preconditioning, Tiffany Trachte

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A powerful therapy against microvascular endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury is remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC), which triggers tissue protection by exposing a limb to small cycles of vascular occlusion. Animal models indicate that CVD risk factors reduce the protective benefits of ischemic conditioning. However, there are no human studies investigating how a burden of risk factors interferes with rIPC to prevent endothelial injury. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of risk factor burden on the capacity of rIPC to prevent endothelial reperfusion injury in humans. Twenty-two (age: 45±14 yr., BMI: 31±8 kg/m2) sedentary adults (12 lower burden: …

Central And Peripheral Weight Gain Affect Trunk Kinematics And Lower-Extremity Muscle Activation Differently During Sit-To-Stand, Michelle Christine Walaszek

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Background: Obesity-induced alterations in biomechanics and muscle recruitment during activities of daily living, such as sit-to-stand (STS) are often attributed to increases in adipose tissue (AT) mass. Central or peripheral distribution of AT may differently affect biomechanics and muscle recruitment.

Methods: Fifteen healthy, normal weight (BMI 22.4 ± 1.9 kg/m², 24.1 ± 4.2 years) subjects volunteered. External loads equivalent to a 5 kg/m² BMI increase were applied in three conditions: unloaded (UN), centrally loaded (CL), and peripherally loaded (PL). Subjects completed three successful STS movements in a backless chair under each load condition in random order. Motion …

Total And Regional Bmd Comparison Of Collegiate Male And Female Athletes, Michael G. Robinson 6978741

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Total and Regional BMD Comparison of Collegiate Male and Female Athletes

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Physiological and biomechanical demands of different sports have varying effects on the athletes that play them. For example, previous studies have shown that runners and swimmers can have lower bone mineral density (BMD) than athletes in ball sports or inactive controls. PURPOSE: To quantify and compare BMD in athletes to better understand how certain sport specific exercise promotes bone acquisition. METHODS: Fifty one (N=51) NCAA Division I athletes (18-25 yrs) had a whole body DXA scan performed to quantify total body BMD and segmental BMD. Fifteen (n=15) …

Factors Affecting Injury History And Their Overall Impact On Athletic Performance In Distance Runners, Trevor Norris

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Distance running is a very precise mechanism of many intricate movements and abilities of the body. The amount of miles that a distance runner must run puts a lot of very intense stresses on one’s body. These stresses often appear at the bone level and lead to many injuries such as stress reactions and stress fractures but also may play important roles in tissue damages such as strains and pulls. In this study, we used division one college distance runners and examined many intricacies between their level of fitness and overall composition. These include looking at imbalances, dominant traits, and …

The Effects Of Exercise Intensity On Acylated Ghrelin, Active Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, And Appetite: Examining The Potential Involvement Of Interleukin-6, Hashim Islam

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulates the release of appetite-regulating hormones in animals and associates with decreased energy intake in humans. Thus, IL-6 may contribute to the intensity- dependent effects of exercise on appetite-related parameters. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise intensity on IL-6, appetite-regulating hormones, and appetite perceptions. Eight active young males completed four sessions: 1) Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 30 min running, 65% VO2max); 2) High-intensity continuous training (HICT; 30 min running, 85% VO2max); 3) Sprint interval training (SIT; 4 x 30 sec “all-out” running bouts separated by 4 min recovery); 4) Control (CTRL; no …

Resistance Exercise Elicits Selective Mobilization And Adhesion Characteristics Of Granulocytes And Monocyte Subsets, Adam Jajtner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Resistance exercise eliciting muscle damage results in an immune response, leading to increases in circulating cytokines, and immune cell mobilization. Classical monocytes respond to muscle damage, however, little is known about the intermediate or nonclassical monocyte response to resistance exercise. Moreover, the impact of polyphenol supplementation in conjunction with resistance exercise on the innate immune response is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the immune response following resistance exercise with (PPB) and without (PL) polyphenol supplementation. Thirty-nine untrained men were randomized into three groups: PPB (n=13, 21.8±2.5yrs, 171.2±5.5cm, 71.2±8.2kg), PL (n=15, 21.6±2.5yrs, 176.5±4.9cm, 84.0±15.7kg) or a control …

Using Hexoskin Wearable Technology To Obtain Body Metrics In A Trail Hiking Setting, Jeffrey Montes, Tori M. Stone, Jacob W. Manning, Damon Mccune, Debra K. Tacad, Jack C. Young, Mark Debeliso Phd, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(4): 425-430, 2015. Use of wearable technology to obtain various body metrics appears to be a trending phenomenon. However there is very little literature supporting the notion that these apparatuses can be used for research purposes in the field. The purpose of this study was to utilize Hexoskin wearable technology shirts (HxS) to obtain data in a pilot study using a trail hiking situation. Ten individuals (male, n = 4, female n = 6) volunteered to participate. On the first day, volunteers completed two approximately flat trail hikes at a self-preferred pace with a 15-minute …

Countermovement Jump Performance Changes Over The Course Of Collegiate Basketball Pre-Season Associated With Block Periodization Model Of Strength And Conditioning Program, Nobuhisa Yoshida, Caleb D. Bazyler, Takahiro Unebasami, Stephen Wells, Zachary Whitman, Danielle Lee, Mallory Stellhorn, Kimitake Sato, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Changes In Muscle Architecture And Explosive Ability In Ncaa Division I Volleyball Players, Caleb D. Bazyler, Jacob R. Goodin, Conrad Rapp, Mark Disanto, Frank Smith, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Abstract available in the 10th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College .

Application Of Principal Components Analysis In Kinetics Study For Isometric Squat, Junshi Liu, Caleb D. Bazyler, Christopher B. Taber, Tony Pustina, Satoshi Mizuguchi

ETSU Faculty Works

Abstract available in the 10th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College .

Changes In Intragastric Temperature Reflect Changes In Heat Stress Following Tepid Fluid Ingestion But Not Ice Slurry Ingestion, Christopher J. Stevens, Ben Dascombe

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

This study examined the effects of fluid and ice slurry ingestion on the relationship between intragastric temperature and rectal temperature in humans during physical activity. The purpose was to identify a technique to quantify changes in heat stress in situations when temperature probes are not feasible and when time constraints do not allow for a period long enough for an indigestible temperature capsule to reach the lower gastrointestinal tract. Eight moderately trained male runners inserted a rectal probe and ingested a telemetric capsule before randomized, crossover, pre-exercise ingestion of 7.5 mL x kg^-1 x BM^-1tepid fluid (22°C) …

Prediction Of Maximal Oxygen Consumption From Rating Of Perceived Exertion (Rpe) Using A Modified Total-Body Recumbent Stepper, John P. Mcculloch, Douglas J. Lorenz, Michael A. Kloby, Matthew D. Love, Daniela G.L. Terson De Paleville Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(4): 414-424, 2015. Exercise training is crucial to improve cardiovascular health and quality of life in people with spinal cord injuries (SCI). A key limitation is the lack of validated submaximal tests to evaluate and predict cardiovascular fitness in this population. The purpose of this study was to validate a submaximal test to predict maximal oxygen consumption for individuals with SCI. Ten able-bodied participants and two individuals with SCI completed a rating of perceived exertion (RPE)-based submaximal oxygen consumption test and a graded maximal oxygen consumption test on a NuStep T4 recumbent stepper. Prediction of …

Assessment Of Dietary Behaviors, Body Composition, And Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among College Club Rugby Team, Carly R. Macdougall, Gytis Balilionis, Svetlana Nepocatych

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(4): 403-413, 2015. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary behaviors, body composition, and potential cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among college club rugby team players. 15 athletes completed demographics, three 24-hour dietary recalls, body composition and blood lipid profile assessments following an overnight fast. Mean ± SD age of participants was 20 ± 1 years; weight 81 ± 16 kg; BMI 25.7 ± 3.2 kg/m²; body fat 13 ± 5%; total cholesterol 133 ± 37 mg/dl; high-density lipoprotein 49 ± 18 mg/dl; low-density lipoproteins 77 ± 26 mg/dl; triglycerides 86 …

The Influence Of Short-Term Quercetin Supplementation On Peak Oxygen Uptake During Simulated Altitude Exposure In Trained Cyclists, Justin A. Carlstrom

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(4): 394-402, 2015. Endurance performance and peak oxygen uptake (VO_2peak) decline as altitude increases. Some data exist suggesting that quercetin supplementation improves aerobic capacity in trained and untrained individuals at sea-level (normobaric normoxic conditions). Few studies have examined the effects of quercetin on endurance performance during simulated altitude exposure (normobaric hypoxic conditions). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming 1000 mg·day^-1 of quercetin for two weeks on cycling VO_2peak in healthy trained male cyclists performing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions (NP and HP, respectively). Fourteen …

Efficacy Of Vibration Exercise As A Warm-Up Modality For Overground Sprinting, Victoria Moddie, Amanda C. Benson, Brett A. Gordon, Noel Lythgo

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(4): 385-393, 2015. This study investigated the efficacy of vibration exercise (VbX) as a warm-up modality for maximal overground sprinting. Ten national level sprinters participated in a randomized crossover design (14.0 ± 7.4 days washout period). A VbX warm-up was compared to a warm-up involving sprint-specific exercises (control condition). The VbX warm-up involved 10 ´ 1 minute bouts delivered by a Galileo 900 side-alternating plate (frequency = 26 Hz, peak-to-peak displacement = 9 mm) with 30 s rest between bouts (total time = 15 minutes). The sprint-specific warm-up involved jogging, dynamic exercises and sprinting drills …

A Multi-Directional Treadmill Training Program For Improving Gait, Balance, And Mobility In Individuals With Parkinson’S Disease: A Case Series, Kimberly Smith, Kurt Jackson, Kimberly Edginton-Bigelow, Lloyd Laubach

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(4): 372-384, 2015. Treadmill training is a commonly used intervention for improving gait in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, little is known about how treadmill training may also influence balance and other aspects of mobility. The purpose of this case series was to explore the feasibility and possible benefits of multi-directional treadmill training for individuals with PD. Four participants (62.3 ± 6.5 yrs, Hoehn & Yahr 2-4) performed 8 weeks of treadmill training 3 times per week. Weeks 1-4 included forward walking only, while weeks 5-8 included forward and multi-directional walking. Participants were tested …

Seasonal Variation In The Distribution Of Daily Stepping In 11-13 Year Old School Children, Paul Mccrorie, Elaine Duncan, Malcolm Granat, Benedict Stansfield

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(4): 358-371, 2015. Seasonality studies in adolescent’s physical activity (PA) tend to report total PA (e.g. steps/day) rather than more specific detail such as steps/hour. This study compared the detailed changes in PA between seasons. Thirty three adolescents (baseline age 12.2 ± 0.3y) wore the activPAL activity monitor for 8 days on two occasions. Steps/day were higher in summer (Mdn = 12,879) than winter (Mdn = 10,512), p.05), however, boys had significantly higher step counts in summer between ’13:00-14:00’ (p=.023), ’19:00-20:00’ (p=.032) and ‘20:00-21:00’ (p=.023). Total steps/day masked sex differences within specific hours of the …