Exercise Physiology Commons^™

The Effects, Perceptions, And Attitudes Of Previously Sedentary Individuals Starting An Exercise Program, Arlene Moreno, Megan Rasmussen

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Background: Many Americans do not eat healthfully or exercise, which is associated with higher risk of disease. Nutrition and exercise awareness have increased, but people experience barriers preventing lifestyle change. Limited research has been completed on the impact of nutrition education on dietary intake.

Objective: Examine whether starting an exercise program with or without nutrition education can influence dietary choices in previously sedentary individuals, and to determine their perceptions and attitudes.

Design: Mixed methods study gathering quantitative data through a food frequency questionnaire, InBody test, and demographics/exercise activity survey. Qualitative data was gathered through focus groups. Participants …

The Relationship Between High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Metabolic Syndrome And Exercise, Micheline A. Vargas

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: It is well known that regular physical activity is associated with lower risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical activity is also considered an important determinant of metabolic syndrome. All levels of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are thought to involve inflammation. Physical activity may reduce risk, at least in part, by modifying the inflammatory process. Recent studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between inflammatory markers, such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and physical activity. Elevated hs-CRP appears to be an independent predictor of both CVD and diabetes. Recent evidence also suggests that …

Effect Of Almond-Raisin Versus Commercial Sports Beverage On Antioxidant Status Of Runners, Anh Thu V. Tran

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Whole foods are readily available antioxidant source and provide beneficial macromolecules and phytochemicals, which may contribute to optimal health. However, the approach to examining whole foods rich in antioxidants to play either an equivalent or better role in defending exercise-induced oxidant stress have not yet been taken. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of 2 isocaloric preexercise beverages: an almond-raisin beverage and a commercial sports beverage in male endurance runners on selected antioxidant status markers.

Design: In a randomized crossover study, 10 male runners (ages 28+1.2 years) ran to exhaustion on a treadmill at …

Chronic Hypoxia, Exercise Training, And Skeletal Muscle Capillarity: Angiogenic Regulation And Morphological Consequences, Ivan Mark Olfert

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Angiogenesis is important in health and disease. In particular, exercise training is known to increase skeletal muscle capillarity, providing there is sufficient training intensity. The stimulus for this may be intracellular hypoxia activating angiogenic growth factor gene expression. Acute hypoxia alone has been shown to increase the gene expression of several key angiogenic regulators, e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to a lesser degree transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), an endogenous negative angiogenic regulator. Paradoxically, however, chronic hypoxia is generally not found to increase mammalian skeletal muscle capillarity. Accordingly, we hypothesized that …

Client-Centered Versus Traditional-Directive Educational Approach: A Randomized Study Of Exercises And Perceived Control Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Melissa D. Olfert

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A patient’s adherence to self-management therapies in diabetes strongly influences health outcomes, health care utilization, and ultimately health care costs. Engaging in regular exercise therapy reduces risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this randomized prospective study was to determine if a client-centered approach (CCA) toward diabetes education, verses a traditional-directive approach (TDA), would improve exercise participation, perceived control, intention to exercise, and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Fifty-nine type 2 patients were randomized into two groups: CCA and TDA. Diabetes education in the CCA group provided empowerment toward acquiring knowledge, skills, and responsibility …

Running Endurance In 27-Hour Fasted Humans, Kristin A. Carlson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Nine male marathon runners were exercised to exhaustion to determine the effects of a 27-hour fast on endurance performance. Each subject completed two exercise tests at 72% peak oxygen uptake (Vo₂max), one following a 27-hour fast and one three hours after a pre-exercise meal, in random order. Fasting caused a 44.7±5.8% (±SE) decrease in endurance performance (p2(9.3±2.0%), heart rate (8.4±2.4%), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and psychological fatigue, evident within the first 60 minutes of exercise. There was no difference in plasma glucose or epinephrine levels. Muscle glycogen degraded at the same rate (0.48±.15 vs 0.47±.28 u moles …

The Effect Of Exercise On Blood Flow In Pregnant Guinea Pigs, Marjorie Correll Sladek

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Recent investigations have shown decreased fetal weight in pregnant animals who were exercised regularly during pregnancy (Gilbert; Nelson; Longo, 1979; Terada, 1974). The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate fetal weight gain and measure blood flow in pregnant guinea pigs who were exercised 45 minutes per day; and thus answer the hypothesis that prolonged maternal exercise will cause decreased weight gain and decreased placental blood flow during pregnancy.

Twenty pregnant guinea pigs were exercised 15 minutes three times daily from 10 days gestation to approximately 60-62 days gestation (67 days being term) and were compared with 19 control …

The Effect Of Exercise On Metabolic Rate With Time In Overweight And Normal Weight Subjects, Roberta Jewell Keswick

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Previous studies in the Lome Linda University laboratory showed that obese subjects on an exercise program lost approximately one pound more per week as compared to a non-exercise group. Energy expenditure calculations of the exercise did not account for the total caloric deficit required to lose the additional pound. The present study was designed to investigate changes in BMR and metabolic rate with time for normal weight and overweight subjects involved in a practical exercise program. The relationship of changes in BMR and metabolic rate in coping with the problems of obesity were also studied.

Fifteen subjects, eight overweight and …