Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Acute Effects Of Walking With Nordic Poles In Persons With Mild To Moderate Low-Back Pain, Landon P. Revord, Karen V. Lomond, Peter V. Loubert, Roger L. Hammer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 507-513, 2016. Regular walking with or without Nordic poles is effective over time at reducing discomfort in individuals with chronic low back pain (LBP). Nordic pole use increases balance and stability, distributes weight through the arms and torso, and decreases loading of the spine and lower limbs. The purpose of this study was to determine if Nordic poles would reduce perceived acute discomfort while self-paced walking in individuals with LBP. We also examined whether walking with or without poles increased heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) or speed of movement. Subjects …

How Feedback And Goal-Setting Impact Children’S Recess Physical Activity, Ryann Koufoudakis, Heather Erwin, Aaron Beighle, Michelle L. Thornton

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 497-506, 2016. In recent years, schools desire to promote physical activity (PA) for their students but are restricted due to resources being expended in other areas of their curriculum, including standardized testing preparation. Recess/lunch periods have potential to contribute important amounts of PA to youth’s overall levels. Interventions to maximize PA during recess are warranted. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the impact of feedback and goal-setting on students’ PA during recess. A sample of 136 (67 females, 69 males) 4^th and 5^th grade students in the Southeast United States …

The Acute Effect Of Walking On Ultrasound Measurements From The Achilles Insight Ultrasonometer In College-Aged Individuals, Kristin J. Heumann, Jacob Cimolino, Jeremy R. Hawkins, Robert W. Pettitt, Steven Ross Murray

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 491-496, 2016. The Achilles InSight bone ultrasonometer is a portable ultrasound device for quantitatively measuring bone composition both safely and inexpensively via the calcaneus. The effect of acute, brisk walking as a possible source of error on the reliability of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements was investigated. Forty-seven participants (17 women, 30 men; age M ± SD = 20.44 ± 1.16) had their calcaneus measured with the Achilles InSight both before and after a 15-min bout of walking at (5.63 km·h-1 (3.5 mph). The Achilles InSight was deemed reliable via a test-and-retest protocol (ICC α …

Carotid Artery Imt, Blood Pressure, And Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Males And Females, Christina M. Cromwell, Kristin R. Aichele, Joyann E. Oakman, Michael P. Neal, Jessica M. Lenzo, Avery N. Perez, Naomi L. Bye, Erica L. Santaniello, Jessica A. Hill, Rachel C. Evans, Karla A. Thiele, Lauren N. Chavis, Allyson K. Getty, Tia R. Wisdo, Deborah L. Feairheller, Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 482-490, 2016. Previous studies have investigated carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and blood pressure and found a direct correlation between the two. It is known that adult females have better cardiovascular health than males until a certain stage of life, yet limited research has examined gender differences in vascular function. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate vascular structure and function, blood pressure, and blood glucose/cholesterol levels in relation to gender differences in young healthy adults. On three separate days, 44 adults (26.30 ±11.9yrs; 24M, 20F) completed a carotid IMT ultrasound, a …

Effects Of A Nighttime Multi-Ingredient Supplement On Recovery From A Damaging Exercise Protocol, Parker Hyde, Ciaran Fairman, Nicholas A. Coker, Keagan Kiely, Mary Beth Yarbrough, Charles Purser, Kristina L. Kendall

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 471-481, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a nighttime multi-ingredient supplement on noninvasive markers of recovery in resistance trained and untrained individuals. Forty-nine participants, both trained (n=25) and untrained (n=24) completed the randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Trained participants were randomly divided into supplement (n=12) and placebo (n=13) groups. Untrained participants were randomly divided into supplement (n=14) and placebo (n=10) groups. Two, 2 (supplement group) x 2 (training status) x 5 (time points) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilized to determine if an interaction for supplement …

The Effect Of A Moderately-Low And High Carbohydrate Intake On Crossfit Performance, Kurt A. Escobar, Jacobo Morales, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 460-470, 2016. CrossFit is a metabolically demanding strength and conditioning method which performance may benefit from a carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diet. This study investigated the effect of three consecutive days of high CHO intake on CrossFit performance and corresponding metabolically -related variables in strength trained individuals. Eighteen subjects with a CHO intake of <6 g/kg/day were randomly assigned into a CHO (n = 9) or control (C) group (n =9) and underwent a 9-day training protocol. During days 1, 5, and 9, performance was measured as repetitions completed during a 12 minute CrossFit workout. Oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and blood lactate (BL) were also measured. Days 6-8, the CHO group increased CHO intake from <6 g/kg/day to 6-8 g/kg/day; the C group maintained their current intake of <6 g/kg/day. On days 6 and 7 both groups performed CrossFit workouts followed by a day of rest prior to day 9. There was a significant increase in repetitions completed in both groups in day 9 (vs. means score of day 1 + 5) (p = 0.002), but no differences between C and CHO groups (p = 0.111). However, the CHO group displayed a 15.2 repetition increase (+10.9%) in day 9, compared to 5.7 (+4.2%) by the C group. VO2, RER, and BL were not influenced by the experimental intervention. Our results suggest that the CrossFit-embraced practice of moderately-low CHO diets may be adequate in CHO during short periods of training, however, given the noted trend, extended training periods may be effected.

Physical Fitness And Self-Image: An Evaluation Of The Exercise Self-Schema Questionnaire Using Direct Measures Of Physical Fitness, Jafra D. Thomas, J. Mark Vanness, Bradley J. Cardinal

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 445-459, 2016. The purpose of this study was to perform a construct validity assessment of Kendzierski’s exercise self-schema theory questionnaire using objective measures of health-related physical fitness. This study tested the hypothesis that individuals with an exercise self-schema would possess significantly greater physical fitness than those who did not across three domains of health-related physical fitness: Body composition, cardiovascular fitness, and upper-body muscular endurance. Undergraduate student participants from one private university on the west coast of the United States completed informed consent forms and the exercise self-schema questionnaire within a classroom setting or at …

Eight Weeks Of Kettlebell Swing Training Does Not Improve Sprint Performance In Recreationally Active Females, Michael E. Holmstrup Ph.D., Brock T. Jensen Ph.D., William S. Evans, Emily C. Marshall

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 437-444, 2016. The kettlebell swing (KBS), emphasizing cyclical, explosive hip extension in the horizontal plane, aligns with movement- and velocity-specificity of sprinting. The present study examined the effect of an eight-week KBS intervention on sprinting in recreationally-active females, in comparison to an eight-week intervention using the stiff-legged deadlift (SDL). Following a pre-testing session measuring 30 meter sprint and countermovement vertical jump performance, participants were divided evenly by sprint time into KBS (n=8) and SDL (n=10) cohorts. Following familiarization with the exercises, KBS met twice weekly to perform swings using the Tabata interval (20s work, …

Inter-Investigator Reliability Of Anthropometric Prediction Of 1rm Bench Press In College Football Players, Jerry L. Mayhew

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 427-436, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inter-investigator differences in anthropometric assessments on the prediction of one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press in college football players. Division-II players (n = 34, age = 20.4 ± 1.2 y, 182.3 ± 6.6 cm, 99.1 ± 18.4 kg) were measured for selected anthropometric variables and 1RM bench press at the conclusion of a heavy resistance training program. Triceps, subscapular, and abdominal skinfolds were measured in triplicate by three investigators and used to estimate %fat. Arm circumference was measured around a flexed biceps …

Cardiovascular Responses Between Low Cadence/High Force Vs. High Cadence/Low Force Cycling, Randy G. Canivel, Frank B. Wyatt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 419-426, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiovascular responses during sustained power output comparing low cadence (LC) high force (HF) vs. high cadence (HC) Low force (LF) cycle ergometry. Nine participants (N = 9) volunteered for this study. Participants signed a Human Participants consent form. A power output of 150 watts (W) for 20 minutes was estimated as the sustainable workload. Participants were instructed to pedal steadily at 50 rpm (LC) or 100 rpm (HC) with resistance adjusted to sustain 150 W. The following measures were obtained each minute during …

The Effect Of Metronome Use On Heart Rates And Rpe For Drum Corps Percussionists, Danielle Dye, Vaughn Barry

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 412-418, 2016. The purpose was to evaluate if playing a musical selection without a metronome would affect the heart rates and rate of perceived exertion for drum corps percussionists. Heart rate and RPE values were collected from 11 battery and 12 front ensemble members from one drum corps. The music consisted of two portions of the show at different tempos of 96 and 176 beats per minute. The music was performed at "standstill" with the battery members lined up behind the front ensemble marching, but not moving around or carrying their instruments. The participants …

Adolescents’ Perception Of The Psychosocial Factors Affecting Sustained Engagement In Sports And Physical Activity, James Gavin, Madeleine Mcbrearty, Kit Malo, Michael Abravanel, Tatiana Moudrakovski

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 384-411, 2016. The purpose of this study was to explore adolescents’ perceptions of psychosocial influences – personal characteristics, environmental factors and behavioural undertakings – influencing their prolonged involvement in sports and physical activity (PA). A qualitative approach was adopted wherein 16 adolescents (8 boys, 8 girls; mean age 15.9 years), who had been physically active for at least the last 8 years, and sixteen adults identified as their ‘parents’ or ‘guardians’ participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using the HyperRESEARCH software. Data were analysed using thematic analysis procedures. Four main …

The Effect Of Skinfold On The Assessment Of The Mean Power Frequency At The Fatigue Threshold, Alyssandra N. Baniqued,, Jorge M. Zuniga, Thomas C. Strunc, Katie M. Keenan, Agrini K. Boken, Jeff J. Anderson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 376-383, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine if the amount of subcutaneous tissue over the quadriceps affects the assessment of mean power frequency at the fatigue threshold (MPF_FT). It was hypothesized that greater skinfold values will result in lower power outputs associated to the MPF_FT. Fourteen adults (Mean ± SD age = 20.7 ± 0.99; body weight = 72.8 ± 12.6 kg) performed an incremental cycle ergometry test to exhaustion while surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were measured from the vastus lateralis. The skinfold thickness of each leg …

Effects Of Short‐Term Free‐Weight And Semi‐Block Periodization Resistance Training On Metabolic Syndrome, Mark A. South, Andrew S. Layne, N. Travis Triplett, William A. Sands, Satoshi Mizuguchi, W. Guy Hornsby, Ashley Kavanaugh, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The effects of short-term resistance training on performance and health variables associated with prolonged sedentary lifestyle and metabolic syndrome (MS) were investigated. Resistance training may alter a number of health-related, physiological, and performance variables. As a result, resistance training can be used as a valuable tool in ameliorating the effects of a sedentary lifestyle including those associated with MS. Nineteen previously sedentary subjects (10 with MS and 9 with nonmetabolic syndrome [NMS]) underwent 8 weeks of supervised resistance training. Maximum strength was measured using an isometric midthigh pull and resulting force-time curve. Vertical jump height (JH) and power were measured …

Relationship Between Bone-Specific Physical Activity Scores And Measures For Body Composition And Bone Mineral Density In Healthy Young College Women., Sojung Kim, Wi-Young So, Jooyoung Kim, Dong Jun Sung

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between bone-specific physical activity (BPAQ) scores, body composition, and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy young college women.

METHODS: Seventy-three college women (21.7 ± 1.8 years; 162.1 ± 4.6 cm; 53.9 ± 5.8 kg) between the ages of 19 and 26 years were recruited from the universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, South Korea. We used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and proximal femur BMD (left side; total hip, femoral neck). The BPAQ scores (past, pBPAQ; current, cBPAQ; total, tBPAQ) were used to …

Effects Of Acute Exercise On Postprandial Lipemia And Postprandial Glycemia, Stephen Decker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has been shown to attenuate the rise in triglycerides in during the postprandial period, however the effects of acute bouts of high-intensity exercise on postprandial lipemia and glycemia have not been explored. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute high-intensity interval training on postprandial lipemia and postprandial glycemia.

Methods: Ten healthy males participated in a randomized crossover design consisting of one high-intensity exercise session and one sedentary control session, followed by consumption of a mixed meal. Blood triglyceride and glucose concentrations were monitored following the consumption of the meal.

Results: High-intensity …

The Relationship Between Strength, Power, And Sprint Acceleration In Division I Men’S Soccer Players, Christopher Bellon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this dissertation were three-fold. The first was to identify the approximate distances characterizing early-, mid-, and late-acceleration in a population of Division I men’s collegiate soccer players. The secondary purpose was to investigate the relationships between various strength-power variables and key sprint characteristics during early-, mid-, and late-acceleration in a population of Division I men’s soccer players. The final purpose of this dissertation was to compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of “strong” versus “weak” and “more powerful” versus “less powerful” Division I men’s soccer players during early-, mid-, and late- acceleration. The following are the major findings of …

Effect Of A Recovery Supplement On Weight Lifting Performance, Muscle Fiber Morphology And Muscle Protein Accretion, Christopher B. Taber

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this dissertation were to examine the effect of a protein and carbohydrate recovery beverage versus a placebo on weightlifting performance, its effect on muscle morphological changes and specific muscle protein accretion. The following are major finding from the dissertation: 1) Protein and carbohydrate recovery supplementation does not appear to have influence on performance measure in trained weightlifters. This finding may be associated with the short-term nature of this study and the trained population used. 2) Compared with placebo, a protein and carbohydrate beverage provided greater benefits on cross sectional area of type I and type II muscle …

Seasonal Perceived Training Load In Ncaa Di Men’S Soccer: Is There A Dose-Response Relationship?, Andrew A. Pustina

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation was to determine if a there was a dose-response relationship across an NCAA Division I men’s soccer season. Specifically, this dissertation serves to: 1.) assess the validity of duration measurements that have previously been used to calculate session RPE during competitive matches, 2.) determine the degree and magnitude of change in intermittent endurance performance across a season and to observe how change in endurance relates with training load, 3.) determine the degree and magnitude of change in strength and explosiveness across a season, and to see how these strength changes relate to training load. 1.) …

A Comparison Of Cervical And Trunk Musculoskeletal Characteristics Between Female And Male Army Helicopter Pilots, Takashi Nagai, Karen A. Keenan, John P. Abt, Timothy C. Sell, Brian W. Smalley, Michael D. Wirt, Scott M. Lephart

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Introduction: Neck pain (NP) and low back pain (LBP) are prevalent among military helicopter pilots. Although there have been few studies on sex differences in the NP/LBP prevalence in this population, females are shown to be at a greater risk of NP/LBP in civilian studies. This disparity may be due to musculoskeletal characteristics differences that predispose females for NP/LBP. The purpose of this study was to compare cervical and trunk musculoskeletal characteristics between male and female pilots. Methods: A total of 8 female pilots (Age: 27.6 ± 4.2yrs, HT: 166.1 ± 7.7cm, WT: 67.9 ± 10.6kg) were tested, and they …

A Bayesian Inference Comparing Collegiate Female Cyclists To Elite Female Cyclists From A Meta-Analysis, Frank B. Wyatt, Mihir Dhimar, Yesha Shah

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 368-375, 2016. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological characteristics of competitive, collegiate female cyclists (CFC) to data of elite female cyclists (EFC) obtained from a meta-analytic review. Eleven (n=11) CFC volunteered as subjects. Subjects signed a university approved informed consent. Means and standard deviation (+ SD) were obtained from the following measurements: age (y), 22.5± 5.1; height (cm) 167.22 ± 6.2; body mass (kg) 63.78 ± 9.71; body fat (%) 22.9 ± 3.6. Subjects performed a maximal cycling ergometer test to volitional fatigue. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max, mL*kg1*min.-1) …

Effects Of Static Stretching On Squat Performance In Division I Female Athletes, Clare F. Heisey, J. Derek Kingsley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 359-367, 2016. Static stretching was once recognized as a method of preparation for physical activity that would inhibit performance and increase risk of injury. However, a growing body of research suggests that static stretching may not have an inhibitory effect. Regardless, the data have not examined gender differences or the fatigue index (FI) and flexibility effects of static stretching on the back squat over multiple sets. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a static-stretch condition (SC) and control condition (CC) on flexibility and the FI of Division I …

Individual Differences In The Programming Of Rapid Bimanual Movements: Are Two Modes Better Than One?, Ashley N. Vander Does, David E. Sherwood

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 347-358, 2016. One of the challenges in performing simultaneous bimanual movements is to prevent interference from one limb to the other, thereby maintaining spatial accuracy in both limbs. Prior research has shown that when a longer distance movement is performed with a shorter movement, the shorter movement overshoots its target and the longer movement undershoots its target relative to control conditions where two shorter or two longer movements are made. The current experiment investigated the motor control strategies used by participants when performing simultaneous aiming movements combining both different and same distances. Participants (N …

Exercise-Induced Glycogen Reduction Increases Muscle Activity, Matthew S. Tenan, J. Troy Blackburn, Robert G. Mcmurray

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 336-346, 2016. Intramuscular glycogen stores are an important energy source during extended bouts of strenuous exercise. A substantial reduction in glycogen could influence neural muscular drive and result in a decreasing quality of exercise performance and potentially increased injury rates. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of glycogen reduction on motor drive as determined by the surface electromyogram (EMG) amplitude and median frequency during a cycling graded exercise test. Eight trained cyclists performed a discontinuous cycling graded exercise test to exhaustion under both normal and glycogen reduced conditions. EMG …

Power Training And Functional Performance In Middle Aged Women: A Pilot Study, Mitchel A. Magrini, J. Jay Dawes, Craig Elder, Mary Ann Kluge

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 327-335, 2016. Muscular power is a key component of functional performance (FP) and fall risk reduction. The present study investigated the effect that power training with medicine balls had on body composition and FP in middle-age females. 10 women were divided into a control group (n=4, age=59.8+3.6) and an intervention group (n=6, age=59.5+3.6) in this 6-week study. The intervention group completed a medicine ball training program two times a week. Body composition and FP tests were administered prepost. Data was analyzed using a series of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Cohen’s d test for …

Do Girls With Excess Adiposity Perform Poorer Motor Skills Than Their Leaner Peers?, Daniel V. Chagas, Joyce F. Carvalho, Luiz A. Batista

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 318-326, 2016. The main aim of this study was to analyze the joint association of body fat percentage and physical activity levels on motor coordination scores in girls with different adiposity status. Sixty-eight school-aged children between 12 and 14 years participated in the study. Skinfold thickness was measured and the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder test was administered. Participants completed a selfreporting questionnaire on physical activity. Children’s adiposity status was attributed in according to age-specific cutoff points of a Brazilian database. Analysis of Variance was used to compare motor coordination scores among groups with different status …

Factors Influencing Muscular Strength And Endurance In Disadvantaged Children From Low-Income Families, Yi Fang, Ryan D. Burns, James C. Hannon, Timothy A. Brusseau

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 306-317, 2016. Examining the correlates of muscular strength and endurance in children from low-income families will provide evidence for interventions to improve these parameters. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors and trends of muscular strength and endurance in at-risk school-aged children. The sample included 1,232 children (Mean age = 8.8 ± 1.6 years; 625 girls, 607 boys; 60% Hispanic) recruited from three U.S. low-income schools. Children performed health-related fitness testing and wore pedometers for one school week. A stratified random subsample (n = 533) also wore accelerometers to record sedentary …

Perceptions Of Motivational Climate, Goal Orientations, And Light- To Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity Engagement Of A Sample Of Finnish Grade 5 To 9 Students, Arto Gråstén, Anthony P. Watt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 291-305, 2016. The aim of this study was the examination of relationships between children’s perceptions of motivational climate, goal orientation, and their engagement in light- to vigorous-intensity physical activity. The sample comprised 585 school children at age of 11 to 16-year-old from three small cities located in Northeast-Finland. The cross-sectional data was collected using online questionnaires in April 2014. The findings indicated that the higher task-involving motivational climate in physical education the children reported, the higher total light- and moderate-intensity levels they accumulated. Task-involving climate also indicated higher task orientation and ego-involving climate higher …

The Acute Effect Of Pilates Exercise On Lower Extremity Maximal Strength, Heather Monger, Blain C. Harrison

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 283-290, 2016. In recent years, the effects of chronic core training on athletic performance have been examined with mixed results; however, the acute effects of core training on athletic performance variables have yet to be examined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between an acute bout of core training and lower extremity maximal strength. Seventeen healthy males (weight 90.1 ± 17.2 kg; height 176.7 ± 11.2 cm; age 20.9 ± 1.3 years) performed maximal deadlift assessments following 2 testing conditions. A general cardiovascular warm-up was used as the control …

Physiological Characteristics Of Youth Synchronized Skaters, Laura E. Fischer M.Ed., Lynn A. Darby Ph.D., Amy L. Morgan Ph.D., David A. Tobar Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 270-282, 2016. Figure skating is a lifelong sport with participation rates increasing for skaters of all ages. Development within the five disciplines of figure skating (individual skating, synchronized skating, pairs skating, ice dancing, and theater on ice) has led to increased physical demands placed on skaters’ bodies. As a result, focus on sport performance testing, training, and injury prevention specific to figure skating is increasing. The purpose of this study was to use field tests to describe the physical characteristics of synchronized skaters and to determine the relationships between these physiological characteristics and skating …