Pharmacology Commons^™

Monitoring Of Heavy Metal Loading Into The Wetlands South Of Lake Victoria Basin, Nothern Tanzania, M K D Mutakyahwa, J R Ikingura, G Y S Mtui

Tanzania Journal of Science

The paper discusses sources, concentrations and physicochemical parameters of heavy metals of environmental concern in the wetlands of Lake Victoria basin in Tanzania. The metals investigated include copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and mercury (Hg). These metals are released into the wetlands via weathering and erosion of rock formations, mining operations and industrial activities, discharge of municipal and domestic waste, and use of agrochemicals. The levels of these heavy metals in soil, sediment, water, and biota differ. Wetlands impacted by gold mining activities in the South Lake …

A Comparison Of Fluoroquinolones Versus Other Antibiotics For Treating Enteric Fever: Meta-Analysis, Durrane Thaver, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Julia Critchley, Asma Azmatullah, Syed Ali Madni, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objectives: To review evidence supporting use of fluoroquinolones as first line agents over other antibiotics for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever).
Design: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources: Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group specialised register, CENTRAL (issue 4, 2007), Medline (1966-2007), Embase (1974-2007), LILACS (1982-2007), selected conferences, reference lists, and ongoing trial register (November 2007).
Review methods: Trials comparing fluoroquinolones with chloramphenicol, cephalosporins, or azithromycin in culture-proven enteric fever were included. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Trials recruiting over 60% children were analysed separately from trials on …

The Future (Or Lack Of Future) Of Personalized Prescription In Psychiatry, Jose De Leon

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

Rapid technological advances in genetics have created conceptual chaos regarding the genetics of drug response. Terms for differing concepts are used interchangeably: pharmacogenetics with pharmacogenomics, personalized medicine with personalized prescription. Biomarker has many definitions. The author prefers the concept of personalized prescription and uses it with implications beyond pharmacogenetics by considering all scientific information valid for prescribing medication. Genetics may not be crucial for all drugs. In this comprehensive view, clinicians must consider genetic, environmental and personal variables when prescribing medication and incorporate some basic pharmacological principles: (1) safety and efficacy, (2) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, (3) therapeutic window and prescriber's …

In Vitro Studies On Metabolism Of Salvinorin A, Lukasz M. Kutrzeba, Vardan T. Karamyan, Robert C. Speth, John S. Williamson, Jordan K. Zjawiony

Office for Research Publications and Presentations

Microbial transformation of natural products is a well established model for mammalian metabolism. Salvinorin A, a diterpenoid isolated from the hallucinogenic mint Salvia divinorum Epling & Játiva-M (Lamiaceae), is a potent non-nitrogenous κ-opioid receptor agonist. The metabolism of salvinorin A has still not yet been well established. Thirty fungal species were screened for the ability to metabolize salvinorin A. We observed that salvinorin A undergoes fast hydrolysis of the acetate group at carbon atom C2, resulting in formation of the pharmacologically inactive product, salvinorin B. Ex vivo experiments were also performed using organelle fractions isolated from rat liver and brain. …

Ros-Mediated Oxidative Stress Influence Anti-Apoptotic Genes And Cyt C Release In Hyperglycemic Mouse Kidneys To Initiate Late Nephropathic Complications, Krina Shah, Mayur S. Parmar, Sidhartha D. Ray

HPD Articles

Decades of intense research has shown that hyperglycemiainduced ROS production can lead to a redox-imbalance causing oxidative stress (OS) in a variety of target organs in vivo. In the absence of an efficient antioxidant counteracting system, massive OS often leads to activation of stress-responsive signaling pathways resulting in deregulated expression of pro-survival and/or pro-death genes. Persistent deregulation of such pathways eventually masterminds late complications of diabetes. Most studies hold hyperglycemia-induced OS as the ‘cause’, and premature onset of apoptosis as the ‘effect’. This ‘cause and effect’ axis ultimately initiates the development and progression of macro and microvascular complications including diabetic …

Insights Into Expression, Cellular Localization, And Regulation Of Supernatant Protein Factor, A Putative Regulator Of Cholesterol Biosynthesis, Elzbieta Ilona Stolarczyk

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

SPF (Supernatant Protein Factor) is a cytosolic protein that stimulates at least two enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway: squalene monooxygenase and HMGCoA reductase. The mechanism of action has not been established but may be related to lipid transfer between intracellular membranes.

There are three human genes for SPF: SEC14L2 (SPF1), SEC14L3 (SPF2) and SEC14L4 (SPF3). The present study differentiates these closely related genes by evaluating their tissue-specific and relative expression levels. SPF1 mRNA was found to be most abundant in liver, mammary gland and stomach. SPF2 showed negligible expression in all tissues tested; SPF3 expression pattern was similar to …

Flavonoid Glycosides From The Leaves Of Uvaria Rufa With Advanced Glycation End-Products Inhibitory Activity, Khanittha Deepralard, Kazuko Kawanishi, Masataka Moriyasu, Thitima Pengsuparp, Rutt Suttisri

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patients leads to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in their body tissues, which contribute to the development and progression of diabetic complications and aging. Preliminary screening of the eth...

Biomaterial As Nanobiopharmaceuticals, Murugan Veerapandian, Mohana Marimuthu, Kyu-Sik Yun, Sanghyo Kim

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The development of wide spectrum of drug delivery systems is fundamental importance to change the establishment of disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The fusion technologies of material science and nanomedicine have emerged as a new alternative...

Evaluation Of Antityrosinase And Antioxidant Activities Of Raphanus Sativus Root: Comparison Between Freeze-Dried Juice And Methanolic Extract, Rattanamanee Jakmatakul, Rutt Suttisri, Parkpoom Tengamnuay

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Two types of extracts (freeze-dried juice and methanolic extract) from the root of Thai radish (Raphanus sativus L.) were evaluated for antityrosinase and antioxidant activities to determine their potential as a skin-whitening and anti-aging agent in cos...

Downstreaming And Purification Of Lovastatin From Monascus Purpureus Culture, Ajaz Ahmad, Bibhu Prasad, Shamshir Khan, Mohd. All, Saleem Javed

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Lovastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase was produced using M onascus purpureus strain. A new extraction procedure was applied which yielded 737mg of lovastatin per liter of synthetic medium from in to to culture. Purification of extracted lovastati...

Pharmaceutically Equivalent Parenteral Depot Suspension Of Methyl Prednisolone Acetate, A. Alam, J. Ali, A. Ahuja, S. Baboota, S.K. Gidwani, Y.S. Bhide, F. Shakeel

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate pharmaceutically equivalent injectable aqueous suspension for parenteral depot of methyl prednisolone acetate (MPA). Various aqueous suspensions were prepared by rapid stirring and colloid millin...

Glutathione S-Transferase Polymorphisms And Risk Of Bladder Cancer In Thais, Kannika Pradubkaew, Pornpen Pramyothin, Chanin Limwongse, Payiarat Suwannasri, Anunchai Assawamakin

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

In this study, we determine the association of glutathione S-transferase Mu-1 gene (G STM1), glutathione S-transferase Pi-1 gene (GSTP1) and glutathione S-transferase Theta-1 gene (GSTT1) polymorphisms and the risk of bladder cancer in Thais. One hundred...

Acute Oral Toxicity Studies Of Antipsoriatic Herbal Mixture Comprising Of Aqueous Extracts Of Calendula Officinalis, Momordica Charantia, Cassia Tora And Azadirachta Indica Seed Oil, Roopashree Ts, Raman Dang, Shobha Rani Rh, Narendra C

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Aqueous extracts of Calendula officinalis, Momordica charantia, Cassia tora and A zadirachta indica seed oil have been used individually for treating skin diseases such as psoriasis in traditional system of medicine. Though the individual herbal extracts...

Effects Of The Standard Extract Of Centella Asiatica (Eca233) On Rat Hepatic Cytochrome P450, Kornphimol Kulthong, Mayuree H., Nuansri Niwattisaiwong, Khemchat Apipalakul, Songpol Chevapat, Somsong Lawanprasert

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Umbelliferae) has been used traditionally in various diseases. The aim of this study was to examine subchronic effects of the standard extract of c. asiatica (ECa233) on hepatic xenobiotic/drug metabolizing enzymes, particul...

Floating Matrix Tablets Of Domperidone: Formulation And Optimization Using Simplex Lattice Design, Shailesh T. Prajapati, Laxmanbhai D., Chhaganbhai N. Patel

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

One method of achieving sustained drug release is by the use of hydrophilic polymeric excipients directly compressed with active ingredients into tablets. Hydrophilic polymers swell in the presence of water to form hydrogel structures from which drugs ar...

Screening Of Antifungal Activities Of Barks Of Cinnamomum Species, M. Maridass

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Antifungal activity of the essential oil from Cinnamomum species have been evaluated in this present study. Essential oils were collected through hydro distillation for 4 h from barks of C. sulphuratum, C. walaiwarense, C. travancoricum and C. malabatrum...

Effects Of Longan Seed Extract On Scopolamine-Induced Learning And Memory Deficit In Mice, Nattanan Losuwannarak, Cholatit Pasadhika, Mayuree H. Tantisira, Boonyong Tantisira

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Longan (Euphoria longana) seed is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant which has been claimed to have positive effect on deficit in learning and memory. In this study, the effects of crude ethanolic extracts of longan seed on learning and memory impairm...

Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination Of Carbidopa And Levodopa By Partial Least Squares Regression, Principal Component Regression And Least Squares Support Vector Machine Methods, Kuldeep Kaur, Ashok Kumar, Baldev Singh, M. Godarzi

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Three chemometric methods; partial least squares regression (PLS), principal component regression (PCR) and least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) were applied for simultaneous determination of carbidopa and levodopa in synthetic mixtures and rea...

Author Index, Keyword Index, N/A

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Lipid Signaling In Brain Aging And Alzheimer's Disease: Pharmacologically Targeting Cholesterol Synthesis, Transport And Metabolism, James Lucas Searcy

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The role cholesterol plays in the brain has long been underappreciated even though the brain contains a disproportionately high percentage of body cholesterol. Recent studies have found a link between the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and the risk of acquiring Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as a predisposition to cognitive decline. The goal of these studies was to elucidate the possible role lipid metabolism plays in pathological and normal brain aging by pharmacologically manipulating lipid metabolism and determining effects on key hippocampal biomarkers of AD and age-related cognitive decline. One series of experiments used an agonist (TO901317) to the liver …

Blood Pressure Lowering And Vasomodulator Effects Of Piperine, Syed Intasar Husain Taqvi, Abdul Jabbar Shah, Anwar Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

This study was aimed to explore underlying mechanism(s) of cardiovascular effects of piperine. Intravenous administration of piperine caused a dose-dependent (1 to 10 mg/kg) decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in normotensive anesthetized rats, the next higher dose (30 mg/kg) did not cause any further change in MAP. The fall in blood pressure (BP) was followed by small increase in MAP after each dose. In Langendorrf's rabbit heart preparation, piperine caused partial inhibition and verapamil caused complete inhibition of force and rate of ventricular contractions and coronary flow. In rabbit aortic rings, piperine inhibited high K(+) (80 mM) precontractions and …

Maturational Changes In Myosin Light Chain Kinase Activity In Ovine Carotids, Elisha Raju Injeti

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Vascular reactivity changes dramatically during postnatal maturation due in large part to developmental changes in myofilament calcium sensitivity. Recent findings suggest that reactivity of the thick filament component of calcium sensitivity is upregulated in fetal compared to adult arteries. In light of these findings, the present study tests the hypothesis that upregulation of fetal thick filament reactivity is due to upregulation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activity. To test this hypothesis, MLCK abundance and its activity is measured in intact arteries. The results indicate that MLCK abundance is 6.03 ± 0.96 fold greater in adult than in fetal arteries. …

Nanoengineered Templates For Controlled Delivery Of Bioactive Compounds, Nalinkanth Ghone Veerabadran

Doctoral Dissertations

The significance of any drugs, therapeutic proteins, or any bioactive compounds, is based not only on their effects on diseases but also on how specifically, how readily, how controllable and how prolonged their effects on the disease without having any side effects. Thus the techniques involved in the drug encapsulation and its controlled release for a longer duration of time form one of the important processes of drug reformulation. In recent years nanoparticles have created overwhelming attention for delivering drugs by nanoencapsulation. The smaller size of nanoparticles has longer circulation time and higher cellular uptake when compared with larger size …

Cannabinoids: A Novel Treatment Strategy For Retinal Neurodegenerative Disorders, Sandeep Samudre

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Synthetic and naturally occurring cannabinoids are known to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucomatous damage to the retina and optic nerve progresses even after therapy to maintain normal intraocular pressure (IOP). Topical application of cannabinoids decreases IOP while not affecting blood pressure or heart rate. Based upon their effects on other tissues, we hypothesize that these analogs reduce IOP and may also confer direct neuroprotective effects on the retina, possibly via CB1 and/or CB2 receptors. The purpose of this study is to determine if the newly synthesized CB agonists, lipid soluble O-1812 (CB 1), and water soluble O-2545 (CB 1

The …

Stability Evaluation Of Celecoxib Nanoemulsion Containing Tween 80, F. Shakeel, S. Baboota, A. Ahuja, J. Ali, M.S. Faisal, S. Shafiq

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the stability of celecoxib (CXB) using novel nanoemulsion formulation. Optimized nanoemulsion formulation of CXB was prepared by low energy emulsification method, stability studies were performed for the perio...

Preparation And Stability Of Butterfly Pea Color Extract Loaded In Microparticles Prepared By Spray Drying, Angkana Tantituvanont, Pornpen Werawatganone, Pacharaporn Jiamchaisri, Kasorn Manopakdee

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Butterfly pea is one of the most interesting sources of natural color used in food and cosmetics. Anthocyanins are the main coloring compounds in its petals and could be extracted easily with water. The pH of medium, temperature, and light were found to ...

Author Index, Keyword Index, N/A

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Fast-Disintegrating Aceclofenac Tablets: Formulation Development Using Simplex Lattice, Garala Kevin C., Ekshinge Vinit, Jarag Ravindra, Shinde Anil J.

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The poor aqueous solubility of the drug results เท variable dissolution profile and hence poor bioavailability. The aim of present work was to show the effect of various super disintegrants on the disintegration time and in vitro drug release rate. ...

Bioequivaience Study Of Two Different Formulations Of 300 Mg Gabapentin Capsule In Thai Healthy Volunteers, Supeecha Wittayalertpanya, Sumana Chompootaweep, Nongnuch Thaworn, Wondee Khemsri, Nantana Intanil

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The objective of this study was to compare the bioavailability of new generic product of gabapentin with the innovator’s product. The study was performed in 20 Thai male healthy volunteers who received a single oral dose of 300 mg gabapentin capsule. D...

The Role Of National Science Journals: Information, Advocacy And Education, Alexander T. Florence

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.