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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology
Bayesian Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Of Ondansetron For Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, Kevin Lam, John Mondick, Gary Peltz, Manhong Wu, Walter Kraft
Bayesian Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Of Ondansetron For Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, Kevin Lam, John Mondick, Gary Peltz, Manhong Wu, Walter Kraft
Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
Ondansetron is an anti-emetic 5-HT3 receptor antagonist being investigated for treating neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Sparse PK data were analyzed from a multicenter, double-blind clinical trial with 98 mother/neonate dyads. Pregnant women with opioid use disorder were randomized to receive either placebo or ondansetron 8 mg intravenously within 4 h of delivery. Neonates born to mothers who were randomized to ondansetron received 0.07 mg/kg orally once every 24 h for up to five doses. Using current PK data, model parameters from a two-compartmental structural model from the literature (i.e., a priori model) were updated with the Metropolis-Hastings Markov-chain Monte …
Opioid System's Potential Involvement In Ketamine's Cognitive And Antidepressant-Like Effects In Rats, Fan Zhang
Theses and Dissertations
Depression stands as one of the most pervasive mental health challenges worldwide, including the United States. Conventional antidepressants typically display a delayed onset of therapeutic action (4-8 weeks) and lack efficacy in a substantial portion of patients (over 40% of depressed patients are treatment-resistant). The dissociative anesthetic ketamine, which is a glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, has emerged as a promising novel treatment due to its rapid and prolonged antidepressant effects, and it is especially beneficial for treatment-resistant depression. Nevertheless, the precise neurochemical mechanisms underlying ketamine’s antidepressant properties remain elusive, hampering the development of safer and more efficacious treatments. The present …
The Opioid Epidemic: How Genetics Play A Role In Addiction And Treatment, Kirsten Houston
The Opioid Epidemic: How Genetics Play A Role In Addiction And Treatment, Kirsten Houston
Honors College Theses
The opioid epidemic is an issue within the pharmaceutical industry in the United States of America due to prescription and non-prescription substances being made available to the population. Opioids include chemical substances that affect the body and brain through opioid receptors, including the mu, kappa, and delta receptors. These substances are derived and synthesized from the poppy plant. Multiple causes have been linked to opioid abuse disorder, including but not limited to employment, income, housing, nutrition, mental health disorders, and genetics. By gathering information from previous literature, genetics may be the main cause of narcotic analgesic tolerance and abuse. Specific …
Intrinsic Efficacy As A Determinant Of Opioid Effectiveness In Treatment Of Pain-Depressed Behavior, Edna Santos
Intrinsic Efficacy As A Determinant Of Opioid Effectiveness In Treatment Of Pain-Depressed Behavior, Edna Santos
Theses and Dissertations
Pain is a major public health concern that is commonly associated with behavioral depression, and a major goal in pain treatment is alleviation of pain-related behavioral depression. High-efficacy mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists (e.g. fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone) are effective to treat pain, but their use is limited by side effects that not only endanger the patient but may also obscure analgesic rescue of pain-depressed behavior. The ongoing epidemic of opioid abuse and overdose deaths has stimulated research to discover non-opioid alternative analgesics; however, this search neglects the clinical potential of safer intermediate-efficacy MOR agonists (e.g. buprenorphine). The objective of the …
Evaluation Of Opioid Consumption Trends For Pain In Taiwan And Comparison With Neighboring Asian Countries, Jhi-Joung Wang, Shu-Fang Teng, Yu-Roo Chu, Chin-Chen Chu, Chung-Han Ho, Li-Ling Chu
Evaluation Of Opioid Consumption Trends For Pain In Taiwan And Comparison With Neighboring Asian Countries, Jhi-Joung Wang, Shu-Fang Teng, Yu-Roo Chu, Chin-Chen Chu, Chung-Han Ho, Li-Ling Chu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Opioids are effective analgesics for pain relief, however, inappropriate use may cause risks. The aims of the study were to evaluate trends of opioid consumption for pain management in Taiwan and compare them among neighboring Asian countries. Opioid consumption data, including fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone, codeine, and pethidine, were collected from the Controlled Drugs Management Information System of Taiwan Food and Drug Administration from 2008 to 2018. Data of different continents and neighboring Asian countries were retrieved from the WHO website. The major findings include: (1) In Taiwan, the total annual opioid consumption has gradually increased from 2008 to 2018, …
Opioid Use Disorder: The Timeline For Medication Assisted Therapy, Alexander Cristofori
Opioid Use Disorder: The Timeline For Medication Assisted Therapy, Alexander Cristofori
Capstone Showcase
Opioid Use Disorder is patterns of opioid use leading to withdrawal, giving up important life events in order to use opioids, and excessive time spent using opioids, to name a few diagnostic criteria. The clinical progression of the disorder involves periods of acute exacerbation and remission that are cyclic in nature. Treatment is most effective when it includes both pharmacological and psychosocial modalities, referred to as medication assisted therapy (MAT). Three drugs used commonly in MAT-based treatment for OUD from oldest to newest include Methadone, Buprenorphine-naloxone, and Naltrexone. Treatment program models that prioritize total abstinence from the addictive substance attached …
Current Perspectives On The Therapeutic Potential Of Mitragyna Speciosa And Its Derivatives On Animal Model, Norsyifa Harun, Illa Syafiqah Johari, Rima Atria Japarin, Farah Wahida Suhaimi, Zurina Hassan, Mohammed Shoaib
Current Perspectives On The Therapeutic Potential Of Mitragyna Speciosa And Its Derivatives On Animal Model, Norsyifa Harun, Illa Syafiqah Johari, Rima Atria Japarin, Farah Wahida Suhaimi, Zurina Hassan, Mohammed Shoaib
The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
The plant Mitragyna speciosa Korth. is receiving increased attention as a therapeutic substitution for opioid use disorder (OUD). The active alkaloids constituents of the plant, particularly mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, have been shown to modulate opioid receptors, acting as agonists at mu-opioid receptors. Given this pharmacology, several studies have examined the abuse and dependence potential of M. speciosa and its alkaloids in various animal models of dependence. In addition to action on opioid receptors, the Mitragyna alkaloids also appear to exert diverse activities at other receptors in the central nervous system which may explain the complex pharmacological profile of these alkaloids. …
Evidence For Intravenous Self-Administration Of Mitragynine In Fentanyl-Dependent Rats, Norsyifa Harun, Zurina Hassan, Surash Ramanathan, Mohammed Shoaib
Evidence For Intravenous Self-Administration Of Mitragynine In Fentanyl-Dependent Rats, Norsyifa Harun, Zurina Hassan, Surash Ramanathan, Mohammed Shoaib
The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Introduction: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) is currently used as an alternative for the self-treatment of pain and management of opioid dependence and withdrawal. Due to the opioid-like effect of the plant’s active alkaloid, mitragynine (MG), the evaluation of its ability to maintain self-administration in animal models of opioid dependence appears to be great significance. Objectives: Here, the ability of MG to cross-substitute to the reinforcing effects of the synthetic narcotic fentanyl is investigated. Methods: Rats with implanted catheters were allowed to self-administer fentanyl (2.0 μg/kg/infusion) on a fixed-ratio 1 of schedule of reinforcement. Results: A significant increase in lever pressing …
Effects Of A Heroin Conjugate Vaccine On The Antinociceptive And Abuse-Related Effects Of Heroin In Rats And Monkeys, Kathryn L. Schwienteck
Effects Of A Heroin Conjugate Vaccine On The Antinociceptive And Abuse-Related Effects Of Heroin In Rats And Monkeys, Kathryn L. Schwienteck
Theses and Dissertations
The increase in heroin use is one factor contributing to the current opioid epidemic in the United States. There are three Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), and these include agonist (i.e. methadone and buprenorphine) and antagonist (i.e. naltrexone) therapies. Although these medications are effective for some patients, regulatory constraints for agonist therapies limit access and patient compliance for naltrexone is poor. The development of new therapies, such as immunopharmacotherapies, for the treatment of OUD is a priority for the National Institute of Drug Abuse. A heroin immunopharmacotherapy, or vaccine, produces …
Complexities Of Chronic Opioid Exposure, Maciej Gonek
Complexities Of Chronic Opioid Exposure, Maciej Gonek
Theses and Dissertations
Studies on repeated exposure to opioids have been carried out for decades yet the mechanisms for certain phenomena such as tolerance are still not fully understood. Furthermore, different medications, such as frequently prescribed benzodiazepines, or different disease states, such as HIV, have their own effects and interactions with chronic opioid exposure that are not fully understood. The overall objective of this dissertation was to investigate the complexities of chronic opioid exposure and how different disease states and medications may modulate the effects of chronic opioids. Our findings demonstrate that the administration of diazepam, at doses that are not antinociceptive or …
In Silico Study Of Newly Synthesized Opioid Analgesics Bound To Three Opioid Receptors, Abdullah Allaoa, Mai Zahran
In Silico Study Of Newly Synthesized Opioid Analgesics Bound To Three Opioid Receptors, Abdullah Allaoa, Mai Zahran
Publications and Research
Opioids are the most widely used drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe, chronic pain. They achieve antinociception by activation of mu (MOR-1), kappa (KOR-1), and delta (DOR-1) opioid receptors. Natural products found in kratom plant, Mitragyna speciosa, represent diverse chemical groups with opioid activity, providing opportunities to better understand opioid pharmacology. Pharmacology studies show that Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl is a mu agonist/delta antagonist opioid with a signaling bias for G-protein-mediated signaling pathways in vitro and which produced potent antinociception in vivo. Respiratory depression assays along with other behavioral testing also showed that some of the major problems …