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Articles 1321 - 1350 of 3559

Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology

Exploration Of Wedelia Chinensis Leaf-Assisted Silver Nanoparticles For Antioxidant, Antibacterial And In Vitro Cytotoxic Applications, Das M. Paul, Livingstone J. Rebecca, P. Veluswamy, J. Das Jul 2020

Exploration Of Wedelia Chinensis Leaf-Assisted Silver Nanoparticles For Antioxidant, Antibacterial And In Vitro Cytotoxic Applications, Das M. Paul, Livingstone J. Rebecca, P. Veluswamy, J. Das

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Green synthetic route of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has already been proved to be an advantageous over other physico-chemical approaches due to its simplicity, cost effectiveness, ecofriendly and nontoxicity. In this finding, aqueous Wedelia chinensis leaf extract (WLE) mediated synthesis of AgNPs was approached. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 408 nm preliminary indicated the formation of AgNPs, while TEM and XRD characterization confirmed the formation of spherically shaped and crystalline AgNPs with an average size of 31.68 nm, respectively. The plausible biomolecules in the aqueous leaf extract responsible for the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs were identified by FTIR analysis …

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Characteristics Of Fucose-Containing Polysaccharides From Submerged Fermentation Of Agaricus Blazei Murill, H.-T. Wang, L.-C. Yang, H.-C. Yu, M.-L. Chen, H.-J. Wang, T.-J. Lu Jul 2020

Characteristics Of Fucose-Containing Polysaccharides From Submerged Fermentation Of Agaricus Blazei Murill, H.-T. Wang, L.-C. Yang, H.-C. Yu, M.-L. Chen, H.-J. Wang, T.-J. Lu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Fucose is one of important residues of recognition pattern for many immune cells. In this study, we characterized bioactive fucose-containing acidic polysaccharides from submerged fermentation of Agaricus blazei Murill. We obtained the polysaccharides through a cell-based activity-guided strategy, and used carbohydrate recognition monoclonal antibodies based Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) along with methylation and NMR analyses to investigate the structural characteristics of the polysaccharides. The polysaccharides had Mw of 3.5 × 10 5 Da. The major sugars were L-fucose, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-xylose, and D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 6.4, 15.5, 28.5, 14.7, and 25.0% with a small amount …

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Determination Of Total Mercury In Seafood By Ion-Selective Electrodes Based On A Thiol Functionalized Ionic Liquid, J. Miao, X. Wang, Y. Fan, J. Li, L. Zhang, G. Hu, C. He, C. Jin Jul 2020

Determination Of Total Mercury In Seafood By Ion-Selective Electrodes Based On A Thiol Functionalized Ionic Liquid, J. Miao, X. Wang, Y. Fan, J. Li, L. Zhang, G. Hu, C. He, C. Jin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A mercury(II) ion-selective electrode with an ionic liquid (IL), 1-methyl-2-butylthioimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide ([C 1 C 4 Sim]NTf 2 ) as active material was constructed. Parameters affecting the performance of the electrodes such as the dosages of the IL and carbon nanotubes and the aqueous pH values were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the optimal composition of the electrode filling material was 47.6% [C 1 C 4 Sim]NTf 2 , 47.6% tetrabutylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (TBPNTf 2 ) and 4.8% carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH). Under the selected conditions, the proposed electrodes showed a good linear response in the concentration range of 10 −10 …

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Analysis Of Veterinary Drug Residue Monitoring Results For Commercial Livestock Products In Taiwan Between 2011 And 2015, H.-C. Lee, C.-M. Chen, J.-T. Wei, H.-Y. Chiu Jul 2020

Analysis Of Veterinary Drug Residue Monitoring Results For Commercial Livestock Products In Taiwan Between 2011 And 2015, H.-C. Lee, C.-M. Chen, J.-T. Wei, H.-Y. Chiu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Antibiotics have been widely used in the treatment of livestock diseases. However, the emergence of issues related to drug resistance prompted governments to enact a series of laws regulating the use of antibiotics in livestock. Following control of the problem of drug resistant bacteria, public attention has shifted to the recurring incidence of human health and safety issues caused by residual veterinary drugs in livestock products. To guarantee the safety and hygiene of meat, milk, and eggs from food-producing animals, governments and relevant agencies established laws and regulations for the use of veterinary drugs. It is, therefore, necessary to monitor …

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A Validated Capillary Electrophoretic Method For The Determination Of Indacaterol And Its Application To A Pharmaceutical Preparation, T. Güray, M. Tunçel, U.D. Uysal Jul 2020

A Validated Capillary Electrophoretic Method For The Determination Of Indacaterol And Its Application To A Pharmaceutical Preparation, T. Güray, M. Tunçel, U.D. Uysal

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Indacaterol is a new inhaled ultra-long acting β 2 -agonist. It has been recently approved in the European Union for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This paper reports, for the first time, a method for the determination and validation of Indacaterol (IND) using an internal standard in capsules. Capillary electrophoretic separation was performed on an uncoated fused-silica capillary (50 cm effective length, 75 μm i.d.) and background electrolyte composed of 20 mmol L −1 of sodium tetraborate buffer, 15% (v/v) methanol (pH = 10.0) with the application of 20 kV of potential; 10 s at 5 × 10 …

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Sialoglycoprotein Isolated From Eggs Of Carassius Auratus Promotes Fracture Healing In Osteoporotic Mice, F. Wang, L. Han, X. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Zhu, J. Wang, C. Xue Jul 2020

Sialoglycoprotein Isolated From Eggs Of Carassius Auratus Promotes Fracture Healing In Osteoporotic Mice, F. Wang, L. Han, X. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Zhu, J. Wang, C. Xue

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, open tibial fracture surgery was performed on mice with ovariectomy induced osteoporosis to investigate the effect of a treatment with sialoglycoprotein isolated from Carassius auratus eggs (Ca-SGP) on fracture healing. Dynamic histological analysis showed that Ca-SGP promoted the generation of cartilage callus on day 5 post-surgery, then facilitated the transformation of the cartilage callus to bony callus on days 11 and 24 post-surgery, and enhanced the remodeling of bony callus on 35 day post-surgery. Moreover, Ca-SGP significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum on day 5 post-surgery, thus inhibiting the negative spread of the …

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Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution And Excretion Of Tangeretin In Rat, W.-L. Hung, W.-S. Chang, W.-C. Lu, G.-J. Wei, Y. Wang, C.-T. Ho, L.S. Hwang Jul 2020

Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution And Excretion Of Tangeretin In Rat, W.-L. Hung, W.-S. Chang, W.-C. Lu, G.-J. Wei, Y. Wang, C.-T. Ho, L.S. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tangeretin, 4′,5,6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone, is one of the major polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) existing in citrus fruits, particularly in the peels of sweet oranges and mandarins. Tangeretin has been reported to possess several beneficial bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and neuroprotective effects. To achieve a thorough understanding of the biological actions of tangeretin in vivo, our current study is designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, distribution and excretion of tangeretin in rats. After oral administration of 50 mg/kg bw tangeretin to rats, the C max , T max and t 1/2 were 0.87 ± 0.33 μg/mL, 340.00 ± 48.99 min and 342.43 ± 71.27 min, …

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Methodology For Sample Preparation And Size Measurement Of Commercial Zno Nanoparticles, P.-J. Lu, W.-E. Fu, S.-C. Huang, C.-Y. Lin, M.-L. Ho, Y.-P. Chen, H.-F. Cheng Jul 2020

Methodology For Sample Preparation And Size Measurement Of Commercial Zno Nanoparticles, P.-J. Lu, W.-E. Fu, S.-C. Huang, C.-Y. Lin, M.-L. Ho, Y.-P. Chen, H.-F. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study discusses the strategies on sample preparation to acquire images with sufficient quality for size characterization by scanning electron microscope (SEM) using two commercial ZnO nanoparticles of different surface properties as a demonstration. The central idea is that micrometer sized aggregates of ZnO in powdered forms need to firstly be broken down to nanosized particles through an appropriate process to generate nanoparticle dispersion before being deposited on a flat surface for SEM observation. Analytical tools such as contact angle, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential have been utilized to optimize the procedure for sample preparation and to check the …

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Standards And Labeling Of Milk Fat And Spread Products In Different Countries, C.-L. Lee, H.-L. Liao, W.-C. Lee, C.-K. Hsu, F.-C. Hsueh, J.-Q. Pan, C.-H. Chu, C.-T. Wei, M.-J. Chen Jul 2020

Standards And Labeling Of Milk Fat And Spread Products In Different Countries, C.-L. Lee, H.-L. Liao, W.-C. Lee, C.-K. Hsu, F.-C. Hsueh, J.-Q. Pan, C.-H. Chu, C.-T. Wei, M.-J. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In the present paper, we provide comprehensive information related to labeling claims and standards of identity of milk fat and spread products. By reviewing the standards and regulations for dairy and non-dairy fat products, Codex Alimentarius and several other countries have clearly specified these products and set the requirements for use of the product name to prevent misleading or confusing the consumers. Generally, for the milkfat products, the fat in the products should be exclusively from milk and/or the products obtained from milk. The milkfat contents of these products should be no less than 10%. Whereas, the blends or blended …

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Determination Of Ractopamine And Salbutamol In Pig Hair By Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, K.-C. Chang, Y.-T. Chang, C.-E. Tsai Jul 2020

Determination Of Ractopamine And Salbutamol In Pig Hair By Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, K.-C. Chang, Y.-T. Chang, C.-E. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of two β-agonists (ractopamine and salbutamol) in pig hair samples. An isotope of ractopamine-d5 or salbutamol-d6 as an internal standard was used to carry out quantitative analysis. Concentrated sodium hydroxide was used to pretreat hair samples and then purified by the solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure. The extracted solution was evaporated and reconstituted for injection in the instrument with electrospray ionization (ESI) operating in a positive multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode. Ractopamine and salbutamol separation were performed on C18 analytical column under gradient condition. The internal standard calibration curve was …

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The Integration Of Multi-Platform Ms-Based Metabolomics And Multivariate Analysis For The Geographical Origin Discrimination Of Oryza Sativa L., D.K. Lim, C. Mo, J.H. Lee, N.P. Long, Z. Dong, J. Li, J. Lim, S.W. Kwon Jul 2020

The Integration Of Multi-Platform Ms-Based Metabolomics And Multivariate Analysis For The Geographical Origin Discrimination Of Oryza Sativa L., D.K. Lim, C. Mo, J.H. Lee, N.P. Long, Z. Dong, J. Li, J. Lim, S.W. Kwon

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

For the authentication of white rice from different geographical origins, the selection of outstanding discrimination markers is essential. In this study, 80 commercial white rice samples were collected from local markets of Korea and China and discriminated by mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics approaches. Additionally, the potential markers that belong to sugars & sugar alcohols, fatty acids, and phospholipids were examined using several multivariate analyses to measure their discrimination efficiencies. Unsupervised analyses, including principal component analysis and k-means clustering demonstrated the potential of the geographical classification of white rice between Korea and China by fatty acids and phospholipids. In addition, the …

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A New Strategy For Choosing “Q-Markers” Via Network Pharmacology, Application To The Quality Control Of A Chinese Medical Preparation, W. Xiang, T.-C. Suo, H. Yu, A.-P. Li, S.-Q. Zhang, C.-H. Wang, Y. Zhu, Z. Li Jul 2020

A New Strategy For Choosing “Q-Markers” Via Network Pharmacology, Application To The Quality Control Of A Chinese Medical Preparation, W. Xiang, T.-C. Suo, H. Yu, A.-P. Li, S.-Q. Zhang, C.-H. Wang, Y. Zhu, Z. Li

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Due to its chemical complexity, proper quality control for a Chinese medical preparation (CMP) has been a great challenge. Choosing the appropriate quality markers (Q-markers) for quality control of CMP is an important work. Best of all, the chosen Q-markers are the main chemical compounds from the herbals as well as the active constituents of this CMP. Only in this way the established quality control system can really achieve the purpose of controlling the quality of CMP and ensuring the safely and effectively use of CMP. To achieve the purpose, network pharmacology combined with the contents of chemical compounds in …

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Rapid Screening Of Toxic Glycoalkaloids And Micronutrients In Edible Nightshades (Solanum Spp.), B. Yuan, D. Byrnes, D. Giurleo, T. Villani, J.E. Simon, Q. Wu Jul 2020

Rapid Screening Of Toxic Glycoalkaloids And Micronutrients In Edible Nightshades (Solanum Spp.), B. Yuan, D. Byrnes, D. Giurleo, T. Villani, J.E. Simon, Q. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) because of their nutrient density have the unique potential to reduce micronutrient deficiencies in sub-Saharan Africa, yet some may also contain anti-nutritive compounds. Vegetable nightshades from Solanum americanum, Solanum nigrum, Solanum scabrum and Solanum villosum are among the major AIVs used as a leafy vegetables and consumed regularly in many countries in sub-Sahara Africa. These under-recognized food crops have not been subjected to extensive studies for their nutritional and antinutritive factors. In this study, 15 entries of the vegetable nightshades were field-grown and the leaves which are the consumed product of commerce chemically profiled by LC/ESI-MS. …

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Antibacterial Activity Of Propolins From Taiwanese Green Propolis, Y.-W. Chen, S.-R. Ye, C. Ting, Y.-H. Yu Jul 2020

Antibacterial Activity Of Propolins From Taiwanese Green Propolis, Y.-W. Chen, S.-R. Ye, C. Ting, Y.-H. Yu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Taiwanese green propolis is a prenylated flavonoid rich honeybee product and propolins isolated from Taiwanese green propolis exert a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as anti-cancer and anti-oxidant. However, the anti-bacterial effects of Taiwanese green propolis or propolins are still poorly understood. In the current study, the antibacterial effects of Taiwanese green propolis and propolins were evaluated. Results show that the maximum dry matter yields of Taiwanese green propolis were observed in the 95% and 99.5% ethanol extracts compared to other extraction methods. Consistently, the highest concentration of propolins C, D, F and G from Taiwanese green propolis was …

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Modified Quechers Method For 24 Plant Growth Regulators In Grapes Using Lc-Ms/Ms, C.-H. Pu, S.-K. Lin, W.-C. Chuang, T.-H. Shyu Jul 2020

Modified Quechers Method For 24 Plant Growth Regulators In Grapes Using Lc-Ms/Ms, C.-H. Pu, S.-K. Lin, W.-C. Chuang, T.-H. Shyu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A multiresidue analytical method was developed for grapes for the following 24 plant growth regulators: 1-naphthylacetamide, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, 2,4,5-T, 2-naphthoxyacetic acid, 3-indolylacetic acid, 4-(3-indolyl)-butyric acid, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 4-nitrophenol, 6-benzylaminopurine, N6-isopentenyladenine, butralin, chlormequat chloride, chlorphonim-Cl, cloprop, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid 3, gibberellic acid 4, gibberellic acid 7, inabenfide, mepiquat chloride, paclobutrazol, prohydrojasmon, thidiazuron and uniconizole-P. The compounds were extracted from grape samples using an extraction method modified from the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method. Liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry was used for the detection and quantification of the compounds. Validation of the method was performed by using …

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In Vitro And In Vivo Assessment Of Delivery Of Hydrophobic Molecules And Plasmid Dnas With Peo–Ppo–Peo Polymeric Micelles On Cornea, F. Hsiao, P.-Y. Huang, T. Aoyagi, S.-F. Chang, J. Liaw Jul 2020

In Vitro And In Vivo Assessment Of Delivery Of Hydrophobic Molecules And Plasmid Dnas With Peo–Ppo–Peo Polymeric Micelles On Cornea, F. Hsiao, P.-Y. Huang, T. Aoyagi, S.-F. Chang, J. Liaw

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The stability and bio-distribution of genes or drug complexes with poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO–PPO–PEO, Pluronic F-68) polymeric micelles (PM) are essential for an effective nanosized PM delivery system. We used Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs with PM and measured the FRET ratio to assess the stability of PM in vitro and in vivo on the cornea. The FRET ratio reached a plateau at 0.8 with 3% PM. Differential scanning calorimetry measurement confirmed the complex formation of FRET pairs with PM. Confocal imaging with the fluorophores fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) and rhodamine B base (RhB) also showed the …

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Ultra-Sensitive Electrochemical Sensing Of Acetaminophen And Codeine In Biological Fluids Using Cuo/Cufe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles As A Novel Electrocatalyst, F. Hasanpour, M. Taei, S. Tahmasebi Jul 2020

Ultra-Sensitive Electrochemical Sensing Of Acetaminophen And Codeine In Biological Fluids Using Cuo/Cufe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles As A Novel Electrocatalyst, F. Hasanpour, M. Taei, S. Tahmasebi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Copper ferrite−copper oxide (CuO-CuFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles as a semiconductor composite with p–n junction were synthesized by co-precipitation reaction. Then, a novel CuO-CuFe 2 O 4 carbon paste modified electrode was fabricated which displays an effectual electrocatalytic response to the oxidation of acetaminophen (AC) and codeine (CO). A linear range of 0.01–1.5 μmol L −1 and 0.06–10.0 μmol L −1 with the detection limits of 0.007 μmol L −1 and 0.01 μmol L −1 were achieved for AC and CO, respectively. The practical usage of the proposed sensor revealed reasonable results for quantification of AC and CO in …

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Immunochemical Assay With Monoclonal Antibodies For Detection Of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin H, N.V. Rudenko, A.P. Karatovskaya, A.N. Noskov, A.O. Shepelyakovskaya, M.P. Shchannikova, I.V. Loskutova, O.A. Artyemieva, D.A. Nikanova, E.A. Gladyr, F.A. Brovko Jul 2020

Immunochemical Assay With Monoclonal Antibodies For Detection Of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin H, N.V. Rudenko, A.P. Karatovskaya, A.N. Noskov, A.O. Shepelyakovskaya, M.P. Shchannikova, I.V. Loskutova, O.A. Artyemieva, D.A. Nikanova, E.A. Gladyr, F.A. Brovko

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Staphylococcal enterotoxins cause food poisoning of various degrees of severity. For milk and meat products, there is a high probability of contamination with staphylococcal enterotoxin H (SEH). In this regard specific and sensitive methods are required to be developed for its detection and monitoring. In this work, the gene seh was expressed and a preparation of recombinant toxin was obtained. Using hybridoma technology, a panel of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to SEH was produced. The antibodies were characterized and shown to have no cross-reactivity towards the main staphylococcal enterotoxins (A, B, C1, D, E, G and I). Based on these …

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Regulatory Analysis On The Medical Use Of Ephedrine-Related Products In Taiwan, W.-N. Yu, L.-H. Wang, H.-W. Cheng Jul 2020

Regulatory Analysis On The Medical Use Of Ephedrine-Related Products In Taiwan, W.-N. Yu, L.-H. Wang, H.-W. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

To prevent ephedrine-related products from being misused to produce amphetamine and/or its analogs, there's a need for more effective and achievable regulatory mechanisms for the health, police, investigational, prosecution and judiciary authorities in Taiwan. This review was conducted to evaluate the international and Taiwan's regulatory policies and management of medical ephedrine-related products through the corresponding information collected from international and Taiwan government agency authorities. The combat of illegal drugs should involve both supply and demand sides to be successful. Health authorities in Taiwan do not have the investigational power to manage the forbidden transformation, abusing and manufacture of the illegal …

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Effects Of Vinegar–Egg On Growth Inhibition, Differentiation Human Leukemic U937 Cells And Its Immunomodulatory Activity, S.-Y. Wang, C.-Y. Chang, C.-W. Chen Jul 2020

Effects Of Vinegar–Egg On Growth Inhibition, Differentiation Human Leukemic U937 Cells And Its Immunomodulatory Activity, S.-Y. Wang, C.-Y. Chang, C.-W. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Vinegar and eggs have rich nutrients. In this study, the mixed form of both derived products, vinegar–egg solution and its products (vinegar–egg concentrate and vinegar–egg condensate) were chosen for an assessment of their biological activity. To further our understanding regarding the anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of vinegar–egg, we investigated its effects on the proliferation and differentiation of U937 cells. Vinegar–egg was treated using spray drying, freeze drying and vacuum concentration and used to stimulate human mononuclear cells. The conditioned media obtained from these cultures by filtration were used to treat U937 cells. Three conditioned media inhibited U937 cell growth by …

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Association Of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals And Acetaminophen (Paracetamol): Friend Or Foe?, M. Abdel-Daim, A.I. Abushouk, R. Reggi, N.S. Yarla, M. Palmery, I. Peluso Jul 2020

Association Of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals And Acetaminophen (Paracetamol): Friend Or Foe?, M. Abdel-Daim, A.I. Abushouk, R. Reggi, N.S. Yarla, M. Palmery, I. Peluso

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Acetaminophen (paracetamol or APAP) is an analgesic and antipyretic drug that can induce oxidative stress-mediated hepatotoxicity at high doses. Several studies reported that antioxidant nutraceuticals, in particular phenolic phytochemicals from dietary food, spices, herbs and algae have hepatoprotective effects. Others, however, suggested that they may negatively impact the metabolism, efficacy and toxicity of APAP. The aim of this review is to discuss the pros and cons of the association of antioxidant nutraceuticals and APAP by reviewing the in vivo evidence, with particular reference to APAP pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity. Results from the murine models of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity showed amelioration of liver …

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Nanoparticle Based Bio-Bar Code Technology For Trace Analysis Of Aflatoxin B1 In Chinese Herbs, Y.-Y. Yu, Y.-Y. Chen, X. Gao, Y.-Y. Liu, H.-Y. Zhang, T.-Y. Wang Jul 2020

Nanoparticle Based Bio-Bar Code Technology For Trace Analysis Of Aflatoxin B1 In Chinese Herbs, Y.-Y. Yu, Y.-Y. Chen, X. Gao, Y.-Y. Liu, H.-Y. Zhang, T.-Y. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A novel and sensitive assay for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection has been developed by using bio-bar code assay (BCA). The method that relies on polyclonal antibodies encoded with DNA modified gold nanoparticle (NP) and monoclonal antibodies modified magnetic microparticle (MMP), and subsequent detection of amplified target in the form of bio-bar code using a fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) detection method. First, NP probes encoded with DNA that was unique to AFB1, MMP probes with monoclonal antibodies that bind AFB1 specifically were prepared. Then, the MMP-AFB1-NP sandwich compounds were acquired, dehybridization of the oligonucleotides on the nanoparticle surface allows …

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Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Aptes-Decorated Mcf7-Cell Membrane Chromatographic System For Characterizing Potential Anti-Breast-Cancer Components From Yuanhu–Baizhi Herbal Medicine Pair, X.-Y. Wang, X. Ding, Y.-F. Yuan, L.-Y. Zheng, Y. Cao, Z.-Y. Zhu, G.-Q. Zhang, Y.-F. Chai, X.-F. Chen, Z.-Y. Hong Jul 2020

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Aptes-Decorated Mcf7-Cell Membrane Chromatographic System For Characterizing Potential Anti-Breast-Cancer Components From Yuanhu–Baizhi Herbal Medicine Pair, X.-Y. Wang, X. Ding, Y.-F. Yuan, L.-Y. Zheng, Y. Cao, Z.-Y. Zhu, G.-Q. Zhang, Y.-F. Chai, X.-F. Chen, Z.-Y. Hong

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Rhizoma corydalis and Radix Angelicae Dahurica (Yuanhu–Baizhi) herbal medicine pair has been used for thousands of years and has been reported to be potentially active in recent cancer therapy. But the exact active components or fractions remain unclear. In this study, a new comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-decorated MCF7-cell membrane chromatography (CMC)/capcell-C18 column/time-of-flight mass spectrometry system was established for screening potential active components and clarifying the active fraction of Yuanhu–Baizhi pair. APTES was modified on the surface of silica, which can provide an amino group to covalently link cell membrane fragments with the help of glutaraldehyde in order to improve …

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Pxr As A Mediator Of Herb–Drug Interaction, B.C. Hogle, X. Guan, M.M. Folan, W. Xie Jul 2020

Pxr As A Mediator Of Herb–Drug Interaction, B.C. Hogle, X. Guan, M.M. Folan, W. Xie

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Medicinal herbs have been a part of human medicine for thousands of years. The herb–drug interaction is an extension of drug–drug interaction, in which the consumptions of herbs cause alterations in the metabolism of drugs the patients happen to take at the same time. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been established as one of the most important transcriptional factors that regulate the expression of phase I enzymes, phase II enzymes, and drug transporters in the xenobiotic responses. Since its initial discovery, PXR has been implicated in multiple herb–drug interactions that can lead to alterations of the drug's pharmacokinetic properties …

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Transporter-Mediated Interaction Of Indican And Methotrexate In Rats, S.-P. Lin, C.-P. Yu, Y.-C. Hou, C.-Y. Huang, L.-C. Ho, S.-L. Chan Jul 2020

Transporter-Mediated Interaction Of Indican And Methotrexate In Rats, S.-P. Lin, C.-P. Yu, Y.-C. Hou, C.-Y. Huang, L.-C. Ho, S.-L. Chan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Indican (indoxyl-β-D-glucoside) is present in several Chinese herbs e.g. Isatis indigotica, Polygonum tinctorium and Polygonum perfoliatum. The major metabolite of indican was indoxyl sulfate (IS), an uremic toxin which was a known substrate/inhibitor of organic anion transporter (OAT) 1, OAT 3 and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 4. Methotrexate (MTX), an important immunosuppressant with narrow therapeutic window, is a substrate of OAT 1, 2, 3, 4 and MRP 1, 2, 3, 4. We hypothesized that IS, the major metabolite of oral indican, might inhibit the renal excretion of MTX mediated by OAT 1, OAT 3 and MRP 4. Therefore, this study …

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Transporter-Mediated Natural Product–Drug Interactions For The Treatment Of Cardiovascular Diseases, W. Zha Jul 2020

Transporter-Mediated Natural Product–Drug Interactions For The Treatment Of Cardiovascular Diseases, W. Zha

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The growing use of natural products in cardiovascular (CV) patients has been greatly raising the concerns about potential natural product–CV drug interactions. Some of these may lead to unexpected cardiovascular adverse effects and it is, therefore, essential to identify or predict potential natural product–CV drug interactions, and to understand the underlying mechanisms. Drug transporters are important determinants for the pharmacokinetics of drugs and alterations of drug transport has been recognized as one of the major causes of natural product–drug interactions. In last two decades, many CV drugs (e.g., angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers and statins) have been identified to be …

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Activation Of P-Glycoprotein And Cyp 3a By Coptidis Rhizoma In Vivo: Using Cyclosporine As A Probe Substrate In Rats, C.-P. Yu, C.-Y. Huang, S.-P. Lin, Y.-C. Hou Jul 2020

Activation Of P-Glycoprotein And Cyp 3a By Coptidis Rhizoma In Vivo: Using Cyclosporine As A Probe Substrate In Rats, C.-P. Yu, C.-Y. Huang, S.-P. Lin, Y.-C. Hou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Coptidis Rhizoma (CR), the rhizome of Coptis chinensis FRANCH, is a popular Chinese herb. CR contains plenty of isoquinoline alkaloids such as berberine, coptisine and palmatine. Cyclosporine (CSP), an important immunosuppressant with narrow therapeutic window, is employed as a probe substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP3A4 in order to investigate the in vivo modulation effect of CR on P-gp and CYP3A4. Three groups of rats were orally administered CSP without and with single dose or repeated dosing of CR in a parallel design. Blood samples were collected at specific time points and the blood CSP concentration was determined by a …

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Risk Undermined In The Bilateral Pharmaceutical Regulatory System In Taiwan, H.-P. Wang, C.-L. Wang Jul 2020

Risk Undermined In The Bilateral Pharmaceutical Regulatory System In Taiwan, H.-P. Wang, C.-L. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The concept of Pharmacovigilance Planning and Risk Minimization Planning (PVP/RMP), initiated by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), addressed an important conceptual change from monitoring the safety of individual medicine to proactively conducting risk prevention for the minimization of medication error. However, the implementation of PVP/RMP is a challenge in societies like Taiwan where irrational medication and co-medication is prevalent. It is even more difficult in Taiwan where two regulatory bodies are governing pharmaceutical affairs, namely Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) in charge of Western Medicine (WM) and the Department of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy (DCMP) in charge of …

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Excipient-Drug Pharmacokinetic Interactions: Effect Of Disintegrants On Efflux Across Excised Pig Intestinal Tissues, W. Gerber, J.H. Hamman, J.D. Steyn Jul 2020

Excipient-Drug Pharmacokinetic Interactions: Effect Of Disintegrants On Efflux Across Excised Pig Intestinal Tissues, W. Gerber, J.H. Hamman, J.D. Steyn

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Pharmaceutical excipients were designed originally to be pharmacologically inert. However, certain excipients were found to have altering effects on drug pharmacodynamics and/or pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic interactions may be caused by modulation of efflux transporter proteins, intercellular tight junctions and/or metabolic enzyme amongst others. In this study, five disintegrants from different chemical classes were evaluated for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) related inhibition and tight junction modulation effects. Bi-directional transport studies of the model compound, Rhodamine 123 (R123) were conducted in the absence (control group) and presence (experimental groups) of four concentrations of each selected disintegrant across excised pig jejunum tissue. The results showed that …

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Update Of Green Tea Interactions With Cardiovascular Drugs And Putative Mechanisms, J.P. Werba, S. Misaka, M.G. Giroli, K. Shimomura, M. Amato, N. Simonelli, L. Vigo, E. Tremoli Jul 2020

Update Of Green Tea Interactions With Cardiovascular Drugs And Putative Mechanisms, J.P. Werba, S. Misaka, M.G. Giroli, K. Shimomura, M. Amato, N. Simonelli, L. Vigo, E. Tremoli

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Many patients treated with cardiovascular (CV) drugs drink green tea (GT), either as a cultural tradition or persuaded of its putative beneficial effects for health. Yet, GT may affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CV compounds. Novel GT-CV drug interactions were reported for rosuvastatin, sildenafil and tacrolimus. Putative mechanisms involve inhibitory effects of GT catechins at the intestinal level on influx transporters OATP1A2 or OATP2B1 for rosuvastatin, on CYP3A for sildenafil and on both CYP3A and the efflux transporter p-glycoprotein for tacrolimus. These interactions, which add to those previously described with simvastatin, nadolol and warfarin, might lead, in some cases, …

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