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Articles 1351 - 1380 of 3559

Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology

Food-Drug Interactions Precipitated By Fruit Juices Other Than Grapefruit Juice: An Update Review, M. Chen, S.-Y. Zhou, E. Fabriaga, P.-H. Zhang, Q. Zhou Jul 2020

Food-Drug Interactions Precipitated By Fruit Juices Other Than Grapefruit Juice: An Update Review, M. Chen, S.-Y. Zhou, E. Fabriaga, P.-H. Zhang, Q. Zhou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This review addressed drug interactions precipitated by fruit juices other than grapefruit juice based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Literature was identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science till December 30 2017. Among 46 finally included RCTs, six RCTs simply addressed pharmacodynamic interactions and 33 RCTs studied pharmacokinetic interactions, whereas seven RCTs investigated both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. Twenty-two juice-drug combinations showed potential clinical relevance. The beneficial combinations included orange juice-ferrous fumarate, lemon juice-99mTc-tetrofosmin, pomegranate juice-intravenous iron during hemodialysis, cranberry juice-triple therapy medications for H. pylori, blueberry juice-etanercept, lime juice-antimalarials, and wheat grass juice-chemotherapy. The potential …

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Volatile Sulfur Compounds In Tropical Fruits, R.J. Cannon, C.-T. Ho Jul 2020

Volatile Sulfur Compounds In Tropical Fruits, R.J. Cannon, C.-T. Ho

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Global production and demand for tropical fruits continues to grow each year as consumers are enticed by the exotic flavors and potential health benefits that these fruits possess. Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are often responsible for the juicy, fresh aroma of tropical fruits. This poses a challenge for analytical chemists to identify these compounds as most often VSCs are found at low concentrations in most tropical fruits. The aim of this review is to discuss the extraction methods, enrichment techniques, and instrumentation utilized to identify and quantify VSCs in natural products. This will be followed by a discussion of the …

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A Regulatory Science Viewpoint On Botanical–Drug Interactions, M. Grimstein, S.-M. Huang Jul 2020

A Regulatory Science Viewpoint On Botanical–Drug Interactions, M. Grimstein, S.-M. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

There is a continued predisposition of concurrent use of drugs and botanical products. Consumers often self-administer botanical products without informing their health care providers. The perceived safety of botanical products with lack of knowledge of the interaction potential poses a challenge for providers and both efficacy and safety concerns for patients. Botanical–drug combinations can produce untoward effects when botanical constituents modulate drug metabolizing enzymes and/or transporters impacting the systemic or tissue exposure of concomitant drugs. Examples of pertinent scientific literature evaluating the interaction potential of commonly used botanicals in the US are discussed. Current methodologies that can be applied to …

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General Survey Of Fructus Psoraleae From The Different Origins And Chemical Identification Of The Roasted From Raw Fructus Psoraleae, J. Yang, J. Yang, J. Du, Y. Feng, X. Chai, M. Xiao, Y. Wang, X. Gao Jul 2020

General Survey Of Fructus Psoraleae From The Different Origins And Chemical Identification Of The Roasted From Raw Fructus Psoraleae, J. Yang, J. Yang, J. Du, Y. Feng, X. Chai, M. Xiao, Y. Wang, X. Gao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Fructus Psoraleae, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for preventing and treating various diseases such as vitiligo, osteoporosis and psoriasis. Coumarin, such as psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, psoralen and isopsoralen, are important compounds in Fructus Psoraleae. In our study, ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector was employed for an excellent method validation for simultaneous quantification of psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, psoralen and isopsoralen, which was further applied in performing general survey of Fructus Psoraleae from the different origins and chemical identification of the roasted from raw Fructus Psoraleae in the light of illuminating the transformed rule of psoralenoside and isopsoralenoside. …

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Oxidative Stress Evoked Damages Leading To Attenuated Memory And Inhibition Of Nmdar–Camkii–Erk/Creb Signalling On Consumption Of Aspartame In Rat Model, A. Iyaswamy, A.K. Kammella, C. Thavasimuthu, W. Wankupar, W. Dapkupar, S. Shanmugam, R. Rajan, S. Rathinasamy Jul 2020

Oxidative Stress Evoked Damages Leading To Attenuated Memory And Inhibition Of Nmdar–Camkii–Erk/Creb Signalling On Consumption Of Aspartame In Rat Model, A. Iyaswamy, A.K. Kammella, C. Thavasimuthu, W. Wankupar, W. Dapkupar, S. Shanmugam, R. Rajan, S. Rathinasamy

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Many controversial reports are available on the use of aspartame as it releases methanol as one of its metabolite during metabolism. The present study proposes to investigate whether long term (90 days) aspartame (40 mg/kg b.wt) administration could induce oxidative stress and alter the memory in Wistar strain male albino rats. To mimic the human methanol metabolism, methotrexate (MTX)-treated rats were included as a model to study the effects of aspartame. Wistar strain albino rats were administered with aspartame (40 mg/kg b.wt) orally and studied along with controls and MTX-treated controls. Aspartame interfered in the body weight and corticosterone levels …

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Mulberry Leaf Extracts Prevent Obesity-Induced Nafld With Regulating Adipocytokines, Inflammation And Oxidative Stress, C.-H. Peng, H.-T. Lin, D.-J. Chung, C.-N. Huang, C.-J. Wang Jul 2020

Mulberry Leaf Extracts Prevent Obesity-Induced Nafld With Regulating Adipocytokines, Inflammation And Oxidative Stress, C.-H. Peng, H.-T. Lin, D.-J. Chung, C.-N. Huang, C.-J. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Mulberry (Morus alba) leaf has been used in Chinese medicine as the remedy for hyperlipidemia and metabolic disorders. Recent report indicated Mulberry leaf extract (MLE) attenuated dyslipidemia and lipid accumulation in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is generally considered as the liver component of metabolic syndrome. The hepatic lipid infiltration induces oxidative stress, and is associated with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) which are regulated by the leptin and adiponectin. MLE could prevent obesity-related NAFLD via downregulating the lipogenesis enzymes while upregulating the lipolysis markers. Treatment of MLE, especially at 2%, enhanced the expression …

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Organic Solute Carrier 22 (Slc22) Family: Potential For Interactions With Food, Herbal/Dietary Supplements, Endogenous Compounds, And Drugs, R.E. Lai, C.E. Jay, D.H. Sweet Jul 2020

Organic Solute Carrier 22 (Slc22) Family: Potential For Interactions With Food, Herbal/Dietary Supplements, Endogenous Compounds, And Drugs, R.E. Lai, C.E. Jay, D.H. Sweet

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Many drugs, hormones, components of herbal medicines, environmental pesticides and toxins are Solute Carrier family 22 (SLC22) substrates. The last twenty years has seen great progress in determining SLC22 tissue expression profiles, membrane localization, energetics, substrate profiles and biopharmaceutical significance. However, much still remains to be answered in terms of SLC22 family member's roles in ‘normal’ physiology as compared to pathophysiological states, as well as in drug interactions that impact pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity. This review begins with a brief synopsis of SLC22 family discovery, function and tissue expression. Subsequent sections provide examples establishing a role for SLC22 transporters in …

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Effects Of Processing Adjuvants On Traditional Chinese Herbs, L.-L. Chen, R. Verpoorte, H.-R. Yen, W.-H. Peng, Y.-C. Cheng, J. Chao, L.-H. Pao Jul 2020

Effects Of Processing Adjuvants On Traditional Chinese Herbs, L.-L. Chen, R. Verpoorte, H.-R. Yen, W.-H. Peng, Y.-C. Cheng, J. Chao, L.-H. Pao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Processing of Chinese medicines is a pharmaceutical technique that transforms medicinal raw materials into decoction pieces for use in different therapies. Various adjuvants, such as vinegar, wine, honey, and brine, are used in the processing to enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of crude drugs. Proper processing is essential to ensure the quality and safety of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Therefore, sound knowledge of processing principles is crucial to the standardized use of these processing adjuvants and to facilitate the production and clinical use of decoction pieces. Many scientific reports have indicated the synergistic effects of processing mechanisms on …

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Concurrent Administration Of Anticancer Chemotherapy Drug And Herbal Medicine On The Perspective Of Pharmacokinetics, Y.-Y. Cheng, C.-H. Hsieh, T.-H. Tsai Jul 2020

Concurrent Administration Of Anticancer Chemotherapy Drug And Herbal Medicine On The Perspective Of Pharmacokinetics, Y.-Y. Cheng, C.-H. Hsieh, T.-H. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

With an increasing number of cancer patients seeking an improved quality of life, complementary and alternative therapies are becoming more common ways to achieve such improvements. The potential risks of concurrent administration are serious and must be addressed. However, comprehensive evidence for the risks and benefits of combining anticancer drugs with traditional herbs is rare. Pharmacokinetic investigations are an efficient way to understand the influence of concomitant remedies. Therefore, this study aimed to collect the results of pharmacokinetic studies relating to the concurrent use of cancer chemotherapy and complementary and alternative therapies. According to the National Health Insurance (NHI) database …

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Corrigendum To “Chemopreventive Effect Of Natural Dietary Compounds On Xenobiotic-Induced Toxicity” [J Food Drug Anal 25 (2017) 176–186] (S1021949816301818) (10.1016/J.Jfda.2016.10.019)), J.-C. Wu, C.-S. Lai, M.-L. Tsai, C.-T. Ho, Y.-J. Wang, M.-H. Pan Jul 2020

Corrigendum To “Chemopreventive Effect Of Natural Dietary Compounds On Xenobiotic-Induced Toxicity” [J Food Drug Anal 25 (2017) 176–186] (S1021949816301818) (10.1016/J.Jfda.2016.10.019)), J.-C. Wu, C.-S. Lai, M.-L. Tsai, C.-T. Ho, Y.-J. Wang, M.-H. Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The affiliations of Min-Hsiung Pan were missing. The affiliations should be corrected to: fDepartment of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan gDepartment of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan hInstitute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan © 2017

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A Novel Uv-Photolysis Approach With Acetone And Isopropyl Alcohol For The Rapid Determination Of Fluoride In Organofluorine-Containing Drugs By Spectrophotometry, V.B.K. Mullapudi, K. Dheram Jul 2020

A Novel Uv-Photolysis Approach With Acetone And Isopropyl Alcohol For The Rapid Determination Of Fluoride In Organofluorine-Containing Drugs By Spectrophotometry, V.B.K. Mullapudi, K. Dheram

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A UV photolysis decomposition (UVPD) method for the determination of fluoride in fluorine containing pharmaceuticals by spectrophotometry is reported. It is based on the use of high intensity UV-irradiation in the presence of a digesting solution comprising a mixture of acetone and isopropanol. For the optimization of the UVPD procedure, three bulk drugs (levofloxacin, nebivolol and efavirenz) were chosen as representatives of three diverse compounds containing a single fluorine atom, two fluorine atoms, and trifluoromethyl groups respectively. Operational conditions of the UVPD method, such as concentration and volume of reagents (acetone and isopropyl alcohol), and UV irradiation time (1–6 minutes) …

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Investigation Of Borneols Sold In Taiwan By Chiral Gas Chromatography, T.-J. Ho, C.-C. Hung, T.-L. Shih, L.-M. Yiin, H.-P. Chen Jul 2020

Investigation Of Borneols Sold In Taiwan By Chiral Gas Chromatography, T.-J. Ho, C.-C. Hung, T.-L. Shih, L.-M. Yiin, H.-P. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Borneol is a monoterpene that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. There are two different products sold in Taipei's traditional Chinese medicine market, natural and chemically synthesized borneol. Chemically synthesized borneol contains four stereoisomers, (+)-isoborneol, (−)-isoborneol, (−)-borneol, and (+)-borneol. The ratio of these four isomers in chemically synthesized and natural borneol products was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A huge variation between these products is highlighted in this survey. The results suggest that the Food and Drug Administrations in Asian countries should establish a regulatory standard regarding the ratio of the four different borneol isomers in both natural …

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Comprehensive Analysis Of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Of Different Geographical Origins Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints And Multivariate Chemometric Methods, L.-L. Sun, M. Wang, H.-J. Zhang, Y.-N. Liu, X.-L. Ren, Y.-R. Deng, A.-D. Qi Jul 2020

Comprehensive Analysis Of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Of Different Geographical Origins Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints And Multivariate Chemometric Methods, L.-L. Sun, M. Wang, H.-J. Zhang, Y.-N. Liu, X.-L. Ren, Y.-R. Deng, A.-D. Qi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) is increasingly being used not just as a traditional herbal medicine but also as a popular functional food. In this study, multivariate chemometric methods and mass spectrometry were combined to analyze the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC) fingerprints of PMR from six different geographical origins. A chemometric strategy based on multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares (MCR–ALS) and three classification methods is proposed to analyze the UPLC fingerprints obtained. Common chromatographic problems, including the background contribution, baseline contribution, and peak overlap, were handled by the established MCR–ALS model. A total of 22 components were resolved. Moreover, relative species …

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Preparation, Characterization, And Antimicrobial Activity Of Nanoemulsions Incorporating Citral Essential Oil, W.-C. Lu, D.-W. Huang, C.-C.R. Wang, C.-H. Yeh, J.-C. Tsai, Y.-T. Huang, P.-H. Li Jul 2020

Preparation, Characterization, And Antimicrobial Activity Of Nanoemulsions Incorporating Citral Essential Oil, W.-C. Lu, D.-W. Huang, C.-C.R. Wang, C.-H. Yeh, J.-C. Tsai, Y.-T. Huang, P.-H. Li

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Citral is a typical essential oil used in the food, cosmetic, and drug industries and has shown antimicrobial activity against microorganisms. Citral is unstable and hydrophobic under normal storage conditions, so it can easily lose its bactericide activity. Nanoemulsion technology is an excellent way to hydrophilize, microencapsulate, and protect this compound. In our studies, we used a mixed surfactant to form citral-in-water nanoemulsions, and attempted to optimize the formula for preparing nanoemulsions. Citral-in-water nanoemulsions formed at S o 0.4 to 0.6 and ultrasonic power of 18 W for 120 seconds resulted in a droplet size of < 100 nm for nanoemulsions. The observed antimicrobial activities were significantly affected by the formulation of the nanoemulsions. The observed relationship between the formulation and activity can lead to the rational design of nanoemulsion-based delivery systems for essential oils, based on the desired function of antimicrobials in the food, cosmetics, and agrochemical industries. © 2017

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A Comparative Analysis For The Volatile Compounds Of Various Chinese Dark Teas Using Combinatory Metabolomics And Fungal Solid-State Fermentation, L. Cao, X. Guo, G. Liu, Y. Song, C.-T. Ho, R. Hou, L. Zhang, X. Wan Jul 2020

A Comparative Analysis For The Volatile Compounds Of Various Chinese Dark Teas Using Combinatory Metabolomics And Fungal Solid-State Fermentation, L. Cao, X. Guo, G. Liu, Y. Song, C.-T. Ho, R. Hou, L. Zhang, X. Wan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A total of 98 compounds including 20 aldehydes, eight arenes, six acids, 17 alcohols, 13 ketones, nine esters, nine methoxyphenolics, three alkenes, seven alkanes, and six other components were tentatively identified in six Chinese dark teas (CDTs) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that dark teas from Yunnan and Guangxi provinces could be classified into one group, and other CDTs belonged to the other cluster. The diagnostic volatile compounds being responsible for CDTs' discrimination were observed as (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, methoxyphenolics, geraniol, α-terpineol, 2,4-heptadienal, cis-jasmone, linalool oxides, and 2-nonenal. Furthermore, mature tea leaves were separately fermented using Eurotium cristatum and …

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Optimization Of Culture Conditions For Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Production In Fermented Adzuki Bean Milk, H.Y. Song, R.C. Yu Jul 2020

Optimization Of Culture Conditions For Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Production In Fermented Adzuki Bean Milk, H.Y. Song, R.C. Yu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a nonprotein amino acid, is widely distributed in nature and fulfills several physiological functions. In this study, various lactic acid strains commonly used to produce fermented milk products were inoculated into adzuki bean milk for producing GABA. The high GABA producing strain was selected in further experiment to improve the GABA production utilizing culture medium optimization. The results demonstrated that adzuki bean milk inoculated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG increased GABA content from 0.05 mg/mL to 0.44 mg/mL after 36 hours of fermentation, which showed the greatest elevation in this study. Furthermore, the optimal cultural condition to adzuki …

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Evaluation Of Synergistic Anticandidal And Apoptotic Effects Of Ferulic Acid And Caspofungin Against Candida Albicans, Z. Canturk Jul 2020

Evaluation Of Synergistic Anticandidal And Apoptotic Effects Of Ferulic Acid And Caspofungin Against Candida Albicans, Z. Canturk

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study aimed to investigate the synergy between anticandidal and apoptotic effects of ferulic acid and caspofungin against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, with the help of a quantitative checkerboard microdilution assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) as a viability dye. Apoptotic effects of caspofungin and ferulic acid concentrations (alone and combined) were analyzed for C. albicans and C. glabrata based on annexin V–propidium iodide binding capacities using flow cytometric analysis. C. albicans showed a synergistic effect, represented by a fractional inhibitory concentration index of < 0.5, but C. glabrata showed no synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration index > 0.5). Early and late apoptotic effects of caspofungin and ferulic acid concentrations (1 μg/mL and 1000 …

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Fatty Acid Composition And Antibacterial Potential Of Cassia Tora (Leaves And Stem) Collected From Different Geographic Areas Of India, S. Shukla, S. Hegde, A. Kumar, G. Chaudhary, S.K. Tewari, D.K. Upreti, M. Pal Jul 2020

Fatty Acid Composition And Antibacterial Potential Of Cassia Tora (Leaves And Stem) Collected From Different Geographic Areas Of India, S. Shukla, S. Hegde, A. Kumar, G. Chaudhary, S.K. Tewari, D.K. Upreti, M. Pal

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition of Cassia tora (leaves and stem) was determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Twenty-seven fatty acids were identified in C. tora (leaves and stem) which was collected from three different geographical areas of India: Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), Nainital (Uttarakhand), and Bhavnagar (Gujarat), coded as CT-1, CT-2, and CT-3, respectively. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids found were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, margaric acid, melissic acid, and behenic acid. The highest amounts of saturated fatty acids were found in …

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Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant, And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities Of Germinated Rice: Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Based Metabolomics Study, P. Pramai, Hamid N.A. Abdul, A. Mediani, M. Maulidiani, F. Abas, S. Jiamyangyuen Jul 2020

Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant, And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities Of Germinated Rice: Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Based Metabolomics Study, P. Pramai, Hamid N.A. Abdul, A. Mediani, M. Maulidiani, F. Abas, S. Jiamyangyuen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In an attempt to profile the metabolites of three different varieties of germinated rice, specifically black (GBR), red, and white rice, a 1 H-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-based metabolomics approach was conducted. Multivariate data analysis was applied to discriminate between the three different varieties using a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. The PLS model was used to evaluate the relationship between chemicals and biological activities of germinated rice. The PLS-DA score plot exhibited a noticeable separation between the three rice varieties into three clusters by PC1 and PC2. The PLS model indicated that α-linolenic acid, γ-oryzanol, α-tocopherol, γ-aminobutyric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, fumaric …

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The Time-Dependent Effects Of St John's Wort On Cytochrome P450, Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferase, Glutathione S-Transferase, And Nad(P)H-Quinone Oxidoreductase In Mice, J.-F. Yang, Y.-R. Liu, C.-C. Huang, Y.-F. Ueng Jul 2020

The Time-Dependent Effects Of St John's Wort On Cytochrome P450, Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferase, Glutathione S-Transferase, And Nad(P)H-Quinone Oxidoreductase In Mice, J.-F. Yang, Y.-R. Liu, C.-C. Huang, Y.-F. Ueng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Hypericum perforatum [St. John's wort (SJW)] is known to cause a drug interaction with the substrates of cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) isoforms, mainly CYP3A. This study aims to determine the dose response and time course of the effects of SJW extract on P450s, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO) in mice. The oral administration of SJW extract to male mice at 0.6 g/kg/d for 21 days increased hepatic oxidation activity toward a Cyp3a substrate nifedipine. By extending the SJW treatment to 28 days, hepatic nifedipine oxidation (NFO) and warfarin 7-hydroxylation (WOH) (Cyp2c) activities were increased by 95% …

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Optimal Conditions For Cordycepin Production In Surface Liquid-Cultured Cordyceps Militaris Treated With Porcine Liver Extracts For Suppression Of Oral Cancer, L.-T. Lin, Y.-J. Lai, S.-C. Wu, W.-H. Hsu, C.-J. Tai Jul 2020

Optimal Conditions For Cordycepin Production In Surface Liquid-Cultured Cordyceps Militaris Treated With Porcine Liver Extracts For Suppression Of Oral Cancer, L.-T. Lin, Y.-J. Lai, S.-C. Wu, W.-H. Hsu, C.-J. Tai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Cordycepin is one of the most crucial bioactive compounds produced by Cordyceps militaris and has exhibited antitumor activity in various cancers. However, industrial production of large amounts of cordycepin is difficult. The porcine liver is abundant in proteins, vitamins, and adenosine, and these ingredients may increase cordycepin production and bioconversion during C. militaris fermentation. We observed that porcine liver extracts increased cordycepin production. In addition, air supply (2 h/d) significantly increased the cordycepin level in surface liquid-cultured C. militaris after 14 days. Moreover, blue light light-emitting diode irradiation (16 h/d) increased cordycepin production. These findings indicated that these conditions are …

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Nutritional Composition In The Chia Seed And Its Processing Properties On Restructured Ham-Like Products, Y. Ding, H.-W. Lin, Y.-L. Lin, D.-J. Yang, Y.-S. Yu, J.-W. Chen, S.-Y. Wang, Y.-C. Chen Jul 2020

Nutritional Composition In The Chia Seed And Its Processing Properties On Restructured Ham-Like Products, Y. Ding, H.-W. Lin, Y.-L. Lin, D.-J. Yang, Y.-S. Yu, J.-W. Chen, S.-Y. Wang, Y.-C. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Low-fat meat products always have harder texture, lower juiciness, and worse flavor. Due to their higher water-holding, water absorption, and organic molecule absorption, chia seeds (CHIA) have been applied in powders, nutrition bars, breads, and cookies. Hence, the objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the nutritional compositions in CHIA; and (2) look for the possible application of CHIA on restructured ham-like products. CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. Regarding processing properties of CHIA, a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) increased (p < 0.05) production yield of restructured ham-like products. A scanning electron microscope observation indicated that CHIA and CA addition can assist an emulsification in this ham-like product. Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. Following storage at 4°C, higher (p < 0.05) purge and centrifugation losses, as well as hardness of this ham-like product can be improved by adding CHIA and CA. CHIA addition also resulted in lower (p < 0.05) lipid and protein oxidation, especially a 1.0% addition. In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. © 2017

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Hypocholesterolemic Activity Of Indigenous Probiotic Isolate Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Ardmc1 In A Rat Model, D. Saikia, A.K. Manhar, B. Deka, R. Roy, K. Gupta, N.D. Namsa, P. Chattopadhyay, R. Doley, M. Mandal Jul 2020

Hypocholesterolemic Activity Of Indigenous Probiotic Isolate Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Ardmc1 In A Rat Model, D. Saikia, A.K. Manhar, B. Deka, R. Roy, K. Gupta, N.D. Namsa, P. Chattopadhyay, R. Doley, M. Mandal

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The aim of this study was to investigate probiotic attributes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARDMC1 isolated from traditional rice beer starter cake and its hypocholesterolemic effects on Wistar rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. The indigenous isolate ARDMC1 showed potential probiotic characteristics such as tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal stress conditions, autoaggregation properties, and adhesion to intestinal epithelium Caco-2 cell line. In addition, ARDMC1 isolate exhibited in vitro cholesterol assimilation properties in media supplemented with cholesterol. Furthermore, administration of probiotic isolate to rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet resulted in significant reduction of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride at the end …

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Ceratonia Siliqua Honeys From Morocco: Physicochemical Properties, Mineral Contents, And Antioxidant Activities, R. El-Haskoury, W. Kriaa, B. Lyoussi, M. Makni Jul 2020

Ceratonia Siliqua Honeys From Morocco: Physicochemical Properties, Mineral Contents, And Antioxidant Activities, R. El-Haskoury, W. Kriaa, B. Lyoussi, M. Makni

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Physicochemical properties, main mineral content, and antioxidant activity were determined for eight floral carob honeys collected from different geographical regions of Morocco. Moroccan honeys showed good chemical and nutritional qualities, fulfilling the criteria described in the standard codex for honey. The percentages obtained for ashes were (0.13–0.69%), electrical conductivity (0.36–1.35 mS/cm), water content (17.30–22.80%), pH (4.17–5.05), free acidity (11.0–42.50 meq/kg), lactone acidity (4.0–16.50 meq/kg), and for total acidity (16.50–59.50 meq/kg). In addition, minerals such as K, Na, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Ca of honey samples were determined and potassium was the major mineral in all samples. The antioxidant activities based …

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Urine Specimen Validity Test For Drug Abuse Testing In Workplace And Court Settings, S.-Y. Lin, H.-H. Lee, J.-F. Lee, B.-H. Chen Jul 2020

Urine Specimen Validity Test For Drug Abuse Testing In Workplace And Court Settings, S.-Y. Lin, H.-H. Lee, J.-F. Lee, B.-H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In recent decades, urine drug testing in the workplace has become common in many countries in the world. There have been several studies concerning the use of the urine specimen validity test (SVT) for drug abuse testing administered in the workplace. However, very little data exists concerning the urine SVT on drug abuse tests from court specimens, including dilute, substituted, adulterated, and invalid tests. We investigated 21,696 submitted urine drug test samples for SVT from workplace and court settings in southern Taiwan over 5 years. All immunoassay screen-positive urine specimen drug tests were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We found …

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Convenient Isolation Of Strictinin-Rich Tea Polyphenol From Chinese Green Tea Extract By Zirconium Phosphate, Y. Ma, Y. Shang, F. Liu, W. Zhang, C. Wang, D. Zhu Jul 2020

Convenient Isolation Of Strictinin-Rich Tea Polyphenol From Chinese Green Tea Extract By Zirconium Phosphate, Y. Ma, Y. Shang, F. Liu, W. Zhang, C. Wang, D. Zhu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Zirconium phosphate (ZrP) was prepared and employed to separate strictinin-rich tea polyphenol from Chinese green tea extracts. The influences of ZrP calcination temperatures, green tea extraction conditions, and the amounts of ZrP on the isolation of strictinin-rich tea polyphenol were evaluated; the absorption and desorption dynamics of strictinin on ZrP were also determined. Our results revealed that the HPLC content of strictinin increased from 4.96% in 70% ethanol extract of green tea to 58.2% in isolated strictinin-rich tea polyphenol obtained by ZrP-900 (ZrP calcined at 900°C). Furthermore, the suitable time for both strictinin absorption and desorption was 4 hours at …

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Functional Components In Scutellaria Barbata D. Don With Anti-Inflammatory Activity On Raw 264.7 Cells, H.-L. Liu, T.-H. Kao, C.-Y. Shiau, B.-H. Chen Jul 2020

Functional Components In Scutellaria Barbata D. Don With Anti-Inflammatory Activity On Raw 264.7 Cells, H.-L. Liu, T.-H. Kao, C.-Y. Shiau, B.-H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The objectives of this study were to determine the variety and amount of various functional components in Scutellaria barbata D. Don as well as study their anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells. Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were shown to contain the functional components including phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophylls, and carotenoids, with the former mainly composed of phenolics and flavonoids, and the latter of carotenoids and chlorophylls. Both extracts could significantly inhibit (p < 0.05) the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E 2 , interlukin-6, and interlukin-1β, as well as the expressions of phosphor extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphor-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), but failed to retard tumor necrosis factor-α expression. Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory efficiency can be varied for both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, which can be attributed to the presence of different varieties and amounts of functional components, as mentioned above. This finding suggested that S. Barbata extract may be used as an anti-inflammatory agent for possible future biomedical application. © 2017

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Designing A Biochip Following Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction For The Detection Of Salmonella Serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Infantis, Hadar, And Virchow In Poultry Products, Y.-C. Chiang, H.-H. Wang, L. Ramireddy, H.-Y. Chen, C.-M. Shih, C.-K. Lin, H.-Y. Tsen Jul 2020

Designing A Biochip Following Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction For The Detection Of Salmonella Serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Infantis, Hadar, And Virchow In Poultry Products, Y.-C. Chiang, H.-H. Wang, L. Ramireddy, H.-Y. Chen, C.-M. Shih, C.-K. Lin, H.-Y. Tsen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Salmonella-contaminated foods, especially poultry-derived foods (eggs, chicken meat), are the major source of salmonellosis. Not only in the European Union (EU), but also in the United States, Japan, and other countries, has salmonellosis been an issue of concern for food safety control agencies. In 2005, EU regulation 1003/2005 set a target for the control and reduction of five target Salmonella enterica serovars—S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Infantis, S. Hadar, and S. Virchow—in breeding flocks. Thus, a simple biochip for the rapid detection of any of these five Salmonella serovars in poultry products may be required. The objectives of this study …

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Tea Silkworm Droppings As An Enriched Source Of Tea Flavonoids, T.-Y. Chou, M.-J. Yang, S.-K. Tseng, S.-S. Lee, C.-C. Chang Jul 2020

Tea Silkworm Droppings As An Enriched Source Of Tea Flavonoids, T.-Y. Chou, M.-J. Yang, S.-K. Tseng, S.-S. Lee, C.-C. Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Andraca droppings is the waste excreted from the tea biter Andraca theae. Its chemical constituents and potential medical use, unlike those of the traditional Chinese medicine silkworm droppings, have not been reported yet. To explore new nutraceuticals, the chemical constituents of this substance were investigated. Since the bioactive ingredients are generally present in the EtOAc-soluble fraction, this fraction, obtained from the ethanolic extract of the dried Andraca droppings by liquid–liquid partitioning, was separated by chromatographic methods, including Sephadex LH-20, centrifugal partition chromatography, and RP-18 columns, to produce 14 compounds (1–14). They were characterized as 1,7-dimethyl xanthine (1), three benzoic acids …

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Vegetable, Fruit, And Phytonutrient Consumption Patterns In Taiwan, W.-H. Pan, N.-H. Yeh, R.-Y. Yang, W.-H. Lin, W.-C. Wu, W.-T. Yeh, M.-K. Sung, H.-S. Lee, S.-J. Chang, C.-J. Huang, B.-F. Lin, M.-T. Chiang Jul 2020

Vegetable, Fruit, And Phytonutrient Consumption Patterns In Taiwan, W.-H. Pan, N.-H. Yeh, R.-Y. Yang, W.-H. Lin, W.-C. Wu, W.-T. Yeh, M.-K. Sung, H.-S. Lee, S.-J. Chang, C.-J. Huang, B.-F. Lin, M.-T. Chiang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Phytonutrients may play important roles in human health and yet only recently a few studies have described phytonutrient consumption patterns, using data obtained from daily consumption methods. We aimed to estimate the phytonutrient content in Taiwanese diets and analyzed main food sources of 10 major phytonutrients. In this study, food items and dietary data gathered with the 24-hour dietary recall from 2908 participants in the 2005–2008 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan were used to create a food phytonutrient database with 933 plant-based foods through integrating database, literature search, and chemical analysis and to appraise phytonutrient consumption status of participants. …

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