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Articles 571 - 600 of 1481

Full-Text Articles in Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics

Characterization Of Odor-Active Compounds In Cooked Meat Of Farmed Obscure Puffer (Takifugu Obscurus) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Olfactometry, N.-P. Tao, R. Wu, P.-G. Zhou, S.-Q. Gu, W. Wu Jul 2020

Characterization Of Odor-Active Compounds In Cooked Meat Of Farmed Obscure Puffer (Takifugu Obscurus) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Olfactometry, N.-P. Tao, R. Wu, P.-G. Zhou, S.-Q. Gu, W. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The volatile and odor-active compounds in cooked meat of farmed obscure puffer (Takifugu obscurus) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). The volatile compounds were extracted by the simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) method, then separated and identified by GC-MS. Odor-active compounds in the SDE extract were characterized by GC-MS-O. A total of 68 volatile compounds were found, including 23 aldehydes, 10 alcohols, nine ketones, 17 N- or S-containing compounds and aromatics, three acids, three alkanes, and three esters. Of these, 31 odor-active compounds were detected and identified. Trimethylamine (fishy), octanal (grassy, leafy, green), (E)-2-octenal (roast, fatty), 1-octen-3-ol (fishy, fatty, mushroom, grassy), …

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Effect Of Γ-Aminobutyric Acid And Nattokinase-Enriched Fermented Beans On The Blood Pressure Of Spontaneously Hypertensive And Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto Rats, K. Suwanmanon, P.-C. Hsieh Jul 2020

Effect Of Γ-Aminobutyric Acid And Nattokinase-Enriched Fermented Beans On The Blood Pressure Of Spontaneously Hypertensive And Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto Rats, K. Suwanmanon, P.-C. Hsieh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study we have evaluated the changes in arterial blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) caused by the short-term intake of Bacillus subtilis B060-fermented beans with significant γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nattokinase activity. After being weaned, 7-week-old male SHR and 7-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomized into seven groups. Until the 8th week of life, the rats in each group were given one of the following: Group 1, high dose of GABA and nattokinase in the SHR (SHD); Group 2, medium dose of GABA and nattokinase in the SHR (SMD); Group 3, low dose of GABA and …

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A Review Of Quality Surveillance Projects On Cosmetics In Taiwan, M.-H. Chung, W.-S. Huang, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-H. Chen, M.-S. Lee, S.-C. Huang, Y.-P. Chen, D.Y.-C. Shih, H.-F. Cheng Jul 2020

A Review Of Quality Surveillance Projects On Cosmetics In Taiwan, M.-H. Chung, W.-S. Huang, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-H. Chen, M.-S. Lee, S.-C. Huang, Y.-P. Chen, D.Y.-C. Shih, H.-F. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The Food and Drug Administration in Taiwan is responsible for the quality regulation and control of cosmetics. In order to have a clear understanding of the trends in the product quality monitoring outcomes and the regulatory control measures over the past years, this study has put together the reports of nine cosmetic surveillance projects conducted between 1982 and 2012. The findings can be used as a reference in developing a more solid quality monitoring plan and management system for cosmetic products. Results show that permanent wave products, hair dye products, and phthalate esters in cosmetic products have the highest average …

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Integration Of Independent Component Analysis With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Analysis Of Bioactive Components In The Medicinal Plant Gentiana Scabra Bunge, Y.-K. Chuang, I.-C. Yang, Y.M. Lo, C.-Y. Tsai, S. Chen Jul 2020

Integration Of Independent Component Analysis With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Analysis Of Bioactive Components In The Medicinal Plant Gentiana Scabra Bunge, Y.-K. Chuang, I.-C. Yang, Y.M. Lo, C.-Y. Tsai, S. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Independent component (IC) analysis was applied to near-infrared spectroscopy for analysis of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin; the two bioactive components of Gentiana scabra Bunge. ICs that are highly correlated with the two bioactive components were selected for the analysis of tissue cultures, shoots and roots, which were found to distribute in three different positions within the domain [two-dimensional (2D) and 3D] constructed by the ICs. This setup could be used for quantitative determination of respective contents of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin within the plants. For gentiopicroside, the spectral calibration model based on the second derivative spectra produced the best effect in the …

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Determination Of The Food Dye Carmine In Milk And Candy Products By Differential Pulse Polarography, U.T. Yilmaz, F. Ergun, H. Yilmaz Jul 2020

Determination Of The Food Dye Carmine In Milk And Candy Products By Differential Pulse Polarography, U.T. Yilmaz, F. Ergun, H. Yilmaz

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

As a basis for the development of a sensitive analytical method for the determination of carmine food dye, a study of the differential pulse polarographic reduction of carminic acid (CA) on a dropping mercury electrode was performed. For the analytical differential pulse polarographic method running at pH 2.0 Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution (peak at -489 mV), the relationship between the peak current and CA concentration was linear in the range of 1 μM to 90 μM with a detection limit of 0.16 μM. The proposed electrochemical procedure was successfully applied to the determination of carmine food dye in spiked commercially …

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Comparison Of Free Radical Formation Induced By Baicalein And Pentamethyl-Hydroxychromane In Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells Using Electron Spin Resonance, Y.-K. Huang, T.-C. Chang, J.-R. Sheu, K.-H. Wen, D.-S. Chou Jul 2020

Comparison Of Free Radical Formation Induced By Baicalein And Pentamethyl-Hydroxychromane In Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells Using Electron Spin Resonance, Y.-K. Huang, T.-C. Chang, J.-R. Sheu, K.-H. Wen, D.-S. Chou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Baicalein and pentamethyl-hydroxychromane (PMC) have been investigated for use as antioxidants. However, antioxidants may stimulate free radical formation under certain conditions. The aim of our study was to determine whether PMC and baicalein exhibit both pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. In this study, electron spin resonance spectrometry was used to investigate the effects of baicalein and PMC on free radical formation. In HL-60 cells, baicalein and PMC produced hydroxyl and phenoxyl radicals, respectively, but each inhibited radical formation by the other. The PMC pro-oxidant activity required H2O2, whereas baicalein produced hydroxyl radicals during the cell …

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Electrochemical Oxidation Behavior Of Hydrochlorothiazide On A Glassy Carbon Electrode And Its Voltammetric Determination In Pharmaceutical Formulations And Biological Fluids, A.F. Alghamdi Jul 2020

Electrochemical Oxidation Behavior Of Hydrochlorothiazide On A Glassy Carbon Electrode And Its Voltammetric Determination In Pharmaceutical Formulations And Biological Fluids, A.F. Alghamdi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The electrochemical oxidation behavior of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) on a glassy carbon as a working electrode was investigated in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer pH 3, by using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). This drug gave a well-defined voltammetric oxidation peak at + 1200 mV versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The electrochemical oxidation process was shown to be irreversible and diffusion controlled, with adsorption characterized over the entire pH range. The optimized conditions, such as accumulation time and potential, scan rate, frequency, pulse amplitude, varying of working electrodes, and instrumental parameters were studied. The calibration graph for HCT was obtained …

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Flavonoid Compositions And Antioxidant Activity Of Calamondin Extracts Prepared Using Different Solvents, S.-N. Lou, Y.-S. Hsu, C.-T. Ho Jul 2020

Flavonoid Compositions And Antioxidant Activity Of Calamondin Extracts Prepared Using Different Solvents, S.-N. Lou, Y.-S. Hsu, C.-T. Ho

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Calamondin has been demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant function and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, which might be attributed to its flavonoid compounds. To improve their application, the flavonoid compositions and antioxidant activity of calamondin extracts, prepared by different solvents, were investigated. The results showed that total phenolic and flavonoid contents of extracts from peel of calamondin were higher than that from pulp, except the flavonoid content in hot water extract. The flavonoids found in extracts of calamondin were 3′,5′-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), naringin, hesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and diosmin. DGPP exhibited the highest quantity, while naringin and hesperidin were the other two major flavonoids. The …

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Catechin Content And The Degree Of Its Galloylation In Oolong Tea Are Inversely Correlated With Cultivation Altitude, G.-H. Chen, C.-Y. Yang, S.-J. Lee, C.-C. Wu, J.T.C. Tzen Jul 2020

Catechin Content And The Degree Of Its Galloylation In Oolong Tea Are Inversely Correlated With Cultivation Altitude, G.-H. Chen, C.-Y. Yang, S.-J. Lee, C.-C. Wu, J.T.C. Tzen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The taste quality of oolong tea generated from leaves of Camellia sinensis L. cultivated in the same mountain area is positively correlated to the cultivation altitude, partly due to the inverse correlation with the astringency of the tea infusion. The astringency of oolong tea mostly results from the presence of polyphenolic compounds, mainly catechins and their derivatives. Four catechins, (-)-epicatechin (EC) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) together with their gallate derivatives (with relatively high astringency), (-)-EC gallate (ECG) and (-)-EGC gallate (EGCG), were detected as major compounds in oolong tea. The degrees of catechin galloylation, designated as ECG/(EC + ECG) and EGCG/(EGC …

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Effect Of Roasting On The Volatile Constituents Of Trichosanthes Kirilowii Seeds, S. Wu, T. Xu, C.C. Akoh Jul 2020

Effect Of Roasting On The Volatile Constituents Of Trichosanthes Kirilowii Seeds, S. Wu, T. Xu, C.C. Akoh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Roasted Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds have much more intense flavor than the raw seeds, and are commonly used as food and in the preparations of many medicinal formulations. Volatile constituents in the raw and roasted T. kirilowii seeds were separated by simultaneous distillation and extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on two capillary gas chromatography columns of different polarities (DB-WAX and HP-1). A total of 40 volatile compounds were identified in the raw seeds, with pentanal, 2-pentanol, styrene, (Z)-2-heptenal, (+)-calarene, and α-muurolene being the predominant compounds; 40 volatile compounds were also identified in the roasted seeds, with 3-methylbutanal, ethanol, 2-butanol, …

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5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induced Photodynamic Inactivation On Staphylococcus Aureus And Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, C.-M. Hsieh, Y.-H. Huang, C.-P. Chen, B.-C. Hsieh, T. Tsai Jul 2020

5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induced Photodynamic Inactivation On Staphylococcus Aureus And Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, C.-M. Hsieh, Y.-H. Huang, C.-P. Chen, B.-C. Hsieh, T. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The aim of the present study was to develop a simple and fast screening technique to directly evaluate the bactericidal effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) and to determine the optimal antibacterial conditions of ALA concentrations and the total dosage of light in vitro. The effects of PDI on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of various concentrations of ALA (1.0 mM, 2.5 mM, 5.0 mM, 10.0 mM) were examined. All bacterial strains were exponentially grown in the culture medium at room temperature in the dark for 60 minutes and subsequently irradiated with 630 ± 5 …

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Correlation Of Antituberculosis Drug-Related Liver Injury And Liver Function Monitoring: A 12-Year Experience Of The Taiwan Drug Relief Foundation, L.-H. Chih, A.W.F. On, Y.-S. Huang Jul 2020

Correlation Of Antituberculosis Drug-Related Liver Injury And Liver Function Monitoring: A 12-Year Experience Of The Taiwan Drug Relief Foundation, L.-H. Chih, A.W.F. On, Y.-S. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Antituberculosis drug-related liver injury (ATLI) is the most prevalent hepatotoxicity in many countries. Whether monitoring liver tests is beneficial to prevent this potentially grave adverse drug reaction (ADR) is open to debate. The Taiwan Drug Relief Foundation (TDRF) was established by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration to collect severe cases of ADR and carry out drug injury relief tasks. Our intention was to explore the role of monitoring liver tests in the susceptibility and severity of ATLI from the database of this foundation. All cases of suspected ATLI collected by the TDRF from 1999 to 2012 were reviewed. The …

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Detection Of 10 Sweeteners In Various Foods By Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, C.-S. Chang, T.S. Yeh Jul 2020

Detection Of 10 Sweeteners In Various Foods By Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, C.-S. Chang, T.S. Yeh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The analytical method for sweeteners in various food matrixes is very important for food quality control and regulation enforcement. A simple and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of 10 sweeteners [acesulfame potassium (ACS-K), aspartame (ASP), cyclamate (CYC), dulcin (DUL), glycyrrhizic acid (GA), neotame (NEO), neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), saccharin (SAC), sucralose (SCL), and stevioside (STV)] in various foods by liquid chromatography/tandem mass chromatography (LC-MS/MS) was developed. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenex Luna Phenyl-Hexyl (5 μm, 4.6 mm × 150 mm) column with gradient elution of 10 mM ammonium acetate in water and 10 mM ammonium acetate in …

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Effect Of Extraction Solvent On Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, And Antioxidant Activity Of Limnophila Aromatica, Q.D. Do, A.E. Angkawijaya, P.L. Tran-Nguyen, L.H. Huynh, F.E. Soetaredjo, S. Ismadji, Y.-H. Ju Jul 2020

Effect Of Extraction Solvent On Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, And Antioxidant Activity Of Limnophila Aromatica, Q.D. Do, A.E. Angkawijaya, P.L. Tran-Nguyen, L.H. Huynh, F.E. Soetaredjo, S. Ismadji, Y.-H. Ju

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Limnophila aromatica is commonly used as a spice and a medicinal herb in Southeast Asia. In this study, water and various concentrations (50%, 75%, and 100%) of methanol, ethanol, and acetone in water were used as solvent in the extraction of L. aromatica. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of the freeze-dried L. aromatica extracts were investigated using various in vitro assays. The extract obtained by 100% ethanol showed the highest total antioxidant activity, reducing power and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. The same extract also exhibited the highest phenolic content (40.5 mg gallic acid equivalent/g …

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The Implementation Of Haccp Management System In A Chocolate Ice Cream Plant, J. Lu, X.-H. Pua, C.-T. Liu, C.-L. Chang, K.-C. Cheng Jul 2020

The Implementation Of Haccp Management System In A Chocolate Ice Cream Plant, J. Lu, X.-H. Pua, C.-T. Liu, C.-L. Chang, K.-C. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

To guarantee the safety of chocolate ice cream production, the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) system was applied to the production process. The biological, chemical, and physical hazards that may exist in every step of chocolate ice cream production were identified. In addition, the critical control points were selected and the critical limits, monitoring, corrective measures, records, and verifications were established. The critical control points, which include pasteurization and freezing, were identified. Implementing the HACCP system in food manufacturing can effectively ensure food safety and quality, expand the market, and improve the manufacturers' management level. © 2013, Food and …

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Quantitative Determination Of Salvinorin A, A Natural Hallucinogen With Abuse Liability, In Internet-Available Salvia Divinorum And Endemic Species Of Salvia In Taiwan, P.-X. Lin, J.-H. Li, S.-H. Chen, H.-C. Chang, R. Mcketin Jul 2020

Quantitative Determination Of Salvinorin A, A Natural Hallucinogen With Abuse Liability, In Internet-Available Salvia Divinorum And Endemic Species Of Salvia In Taiwan, P.-X. Lin, J.-H. Li, S.-H. Chen, H.-C. Chang, R. Mcketin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In recent years, recreational use of Salvia divinorum (Lamiaceae), a herbal drug that contains a hallucinogenic ingredient, salvinorin A, has become a new phenomenon among young drug users. In Taiwan, as in many other countries, dry leaves of S. divinorum and its related concentrated extract products are available via the Internet. Besides S. divinorum, there are many endemic Salvia species whose salvinorin A content is yet unknown. To understand the abuse liability of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the concentration of salvinorin A in endemic Salvia species and Internet-available salvinorin A-related products. Samples of S. …

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Simultaneous Determination Of Ranitidine And Metronidazole In Pharmaceutical Formulations At Poly(Chromotrope 2b) Modified Activated Glassy Carbon Electrodes, X. Li, G. Xu Jul 2020

Simultaneous Determination Of Ranitidine And Metronidazole In Pharmaceutical Formulations At Poly(Chromotrope 2b) Modified Activated Glassy Carbon Electrodes, X. Li, G. Xu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A simple and sensitive electrochemical method for the simultaneous and quantitative detection of ranitidine (RT) and metronidazole (MT) was developed, based on a poly(chromotrope 2B) modified activated glassy carbon electrode (PCHAGCE). The PCHAGCE showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of both RT and MT in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0). The peak-to-peak separations for the simultaneous detection of RT and MT between the two reduction waves in cyclic voltammetry were increased significantly from ∼0.1 V at activated GCE, to ∼0.55 V at PCHAGCE. By differential pulse voltammetry techniques, the reduction peak currents of RT and MT were …

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Hepatoprotective Activity Of Chhit-Chan-Than Extract Powder Against Carbon Tetrachlorideinduced Liver Injury In Rats, Y.-C. Lin, K.-M. Cheng, H.-Y. Huang, P.-Y. Chao, J.-M. Hwang, H.-H. Lee, C.-Y. Lu, Y.-W. Chiu, J.-Y. Liu Jul 2020

Hepatoprotective Activity Of Chhit-Chan-Than Extract Powder Against Carbon Tetrachlorideinduced Liver Injury In Rats, Y.-C. Lin, K.-M. Cheng, H.-Y. Huang, P.-Y. Chao, J.-M. Hwang, H.-H. Lee, C.-Y. Lu, Y.-W. Chiu, J.-Y. Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The capability of Chhit-Chan-Than extract powder (CCTEP, 10% aqueous Ocimum gratissimum L. extract) to protect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in vivo was investigated. Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Group A was a normal control group given only vehicle; Group B, the hepatotoxic group, was injected intraperitoneally twice a week with repeated 8% CCl4/olive oil (0.1 mL/100 g of body weight); Groups CeE, extract-treated groups received CCl4 and different doses of CCTEP (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) or silymarin (200 mg/kg of body weight) daily by gavage for 8 weeks, respectively. The results showed that …

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Development And Validation Of An In Vitroein Vivo Correlation (Ivivc) Model For Propranolol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Matrix Formulations, C. Cheng, P.-C. Wu, H.-Y. Lee, K.-Y. Hsu Jul 2020

Development And Validation Of An In Vitroein Vivo Correlation (Ivivc) Model For Propranolol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Matrix Formulations, C. Cheng, P.-C. Wu, H.-Y. Lee, K.-Y. Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The objective of this study was to develop an in vitroein vivo correlation (IVIVC) model for hydrophilic matrix extended-release (ER) propranolol dosage formulations. The in vitro release characteristics of the drug were determined using USP apparatus I at 100 rpm, in a medium of varying pH (from pH 1.2 to pH 6.8). In vivo plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters in male beagle dogs were obtained after administering oral, ER formulations and immediate-release (IR) commercial products. The similarity factor f2 was used to compare the dissolution data. The IVIVC model was developed using pooled fraction dissolved and fraction absorbed of propranolol …

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Detection Limit Of Molasses Spirits Mixed In Rice Spirits Using The Snif-Nmr Method, C.-H. Lai, C.-W. Hsieh, W.-C. Ko Jul 2020

Detection Limit Of Molasses Spirits Mixed In Rice Spirits Using The Snif-Nmr Method, C.-H. Lai, C.-W. Hsieh, W.-C. Ko

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Traditional Taiwanese rice spirits were made from rice, which is their only ingredient and ethanol source. Site-specific natural isotopic fractionation by nuclear magnetic resonance (SNIF-NMR) methods were used to investigate molasses spirits usually mixed in rice spirits. Themeanratios for the parameters in five rice spirits labeled as Taikeng 8,Taikeng 9,Taichung sen 10, Tainan 11, and Tainung 71 were (D/H)I, 99.0e100.3 ppm; (D/H)II, 121.3e123.0 ppm; whereas for molasses spirits labeled as MS, the mean ratios were 108.7 ppm and 126.8 ppm, respectively. A close and reproducible correlation was found for (D/H)I values of themixtures in whichMS was mixedwith authentic rice spirit …

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Accelerated Stability Testing Of A Transdermal Patch Composed Of Eserine And Pralidoxime Chloride For Prophylaxis Against (±)-Anatoxin A Poisoning, S. Banerjee, P. Chattopadhyay, A. Ghosh, S.S. Bhattacharya, A. Kundu, V. Veer Jul 2020

Accelerated Stability Testing Of A Transdermal Patch Composed Of Eserine And Pralidoxime Chloride For Prophylaxis Against (±)-Anatoxin A Poisoning, S. Banerjee, P. Chattopadhyay, A. Ghosh, S.S. Bhattacharya, A. Kundu, V. Veer

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The current study evaluated the stability potential of a transdermal patch composed of eserine and pralidoxime chloride for prophylaxis against -anatoxin A poisoning. The drug combinations were fabricated in an adhesive matrix system supported by a backing membrane and attached to a temporary release liner. Stability testing of the optimized formulation was established for 6 months under accelerated study conditions as per International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. Results obtained after 6 months showed that the optimized patch formulation was stable with respect to drugs content, pH, diffusion, visual inspection, and other analytical parameters. Copyright © 2013, Food and Drug Administration, …

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Analysis Of Iodine Content In Seaweed By Gc-Ecd And Estimation Of Iodine Intake, T.S. Yeh, N.H. Hung, T.C. Lin Jul 2020

Analysis Of Iodine Content In Seaweed By Gc-Ecd And Estimation Of Iodine Intake, T.S. Yeh, N.H. Hung, T.C. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Edible seaweed products have been consumed in many Asian countries. Edible seaweeds accumulate iodine from seawater, and are therefore a good dietary source of iodine. An adequate consumption of seaweed can eliminate iodine deficiency disorders, but excessive iodine intake is not good for health. The recommended dietary reference intake of 0.15 mg/ d and 0.14 mg/d for iodine has been established in the United States and Taiwan, respectively. In this study, 30 samples of seaweed were surveyed for iodine content. The samples included 10 nori (Porphyra), 10 wakame (Undaria), and 10 kombu (Laminaria) products. The iodine in seaweed was derivatized …

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Evaluation Of A Health-Promoting School Program To Enhance Correct Medication Use In Taiwan, H.-Y. Chi, F.-C. Chang, H.-J. Lin, L.-J. Huang, J.-C. Chang, M.-K. Yeh, J.-J. Kang Jul 2020

Evaluation Of A Health-Promoting School Program To Enhance Correct Medication Use In Taiwan, H.-Y. Chi, F.-C. Chang, H.-J. Lin, L.-J. Huang, J.-C. Chang, M.-K. Yeh, J.-J. Kang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study was an evaluation of the Health Promoting School (HPS) programin Taiwan and its effectiveness in enhancing students' knowledge and abilities with regard to correct medication usage. In 2011, baseline and follow-up self-administered online surveys were received from 3520 middle-school and primary students from intervention schools, and 3738 students from comparison primary and secondary schools completed the same survey. The results indicated that after implementing the correct medication use HPS program, students' knowledge and abilities concerning correct medication usage (i.e., the need to express clearly personal conditions to physicians, to check information on the medication packages, to take medication …

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Facile Method For Determination Of Deoxycytidine Kinase Activity In Biological Milieus, W.-H. Hao, L.-C. Yang, J.-J. Wang, C.-S. Hsu, L.-C. Chang, K.-Y. Hsu Jul 2020

Facile Method For Determination Of Deoxycytidine Kinase Activity In Biological Milieus, W.-H. Hao, L.-C. Yang, J.-J. Wang, C.-S. Hsu, L.-C. Chang, K.-Y. Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A new analytical method for determining deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) activity in biological milieus using luminescence is reported here. This method, based on utilizing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the sole phosphate donor in the kinase reaction and monitoring ATP consumption via a luciferase-based chemiluminescence reaction, is capable of detecting dCK activity without the use of specific substrates or radioisotope techniques. Comparing with the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method, this new method is suggested to be efficient and sensitive. Further, application of the proposed method for profiling dCK activity in cultured cancer cells revealed that a cervix cell line exhibited the highest …

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Protective Effects Of Strawberry And Mulberry Fruit Polysaccharides On Inflammation And Apoptosis In Murine Primary Splenocytes, C.-J. Liu, J.-Y. Lin Jul 2020

Protective Effects Of Strawberry And Mulberry Fruit Polysaccharides On Inflammation And Apoptosis In Murine Primary Splenocytes, C.-J. Liu, J.-Y. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study isolated polysaccharides from strawberry (SP) and mulberry (MP) fruit juice to compare their cytokine secretion regulatory and antiapoptotic activities using murine primary splenocytes. SP and MP in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were administered to splenocytes for 48 hours. The culture supernatant was used for cytokine secretion assay using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The cell pellet was used for the determination of anti-/proapoptotic protein (B cell lymphoma 2/ Bak) levels in the cells using the Western blotting method. The results showed that SP and MP treatment at appropriate concentrations significantly increased the proliferation of splenocytes …

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Analysis Of Drug Abuse Data Reported By Medical Institutions In Taiwan From 2002 To 2011, J. Hsu, J.-J. Lin, W.-I. Tsay Jul 2020

Analysis Of Drug Abuse Data Reported By Medical Institutions In Taiwan From 2002 To 2011, J. Hsu, J.-J. Lin, W.-I. Tsay

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Drug abuse has become a global issue of concern. It affects not only individual users, but also their families and communities. Data were retrieved from the database of the Taiwan Surveillance System of Drug Abuse and Addiction Treatment (SSDAAT) from 2002 to 2011, and 147,660 cases reported by medical institutions in Taiwan were reviewed. This study showed that the top five reported abused drugs by medical institutions during the last decade were heroin, methamphetamine, benzodiazepines, ketamine, and zolpidem. Heroin and methamphetamine continued to be the first two abused drugs reported by medical institutions. Heroin abuse was significant, but has shown …

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Modeling Research On Wheat Protein Content Measurement Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy And Optimized Radial Basis Function Neural Network, X. Mao, L. Sun, G. Hui, L. Xu Jul 2020

Modeling Research On Wheat Protein Content Measurement Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy And Optimized Radial Basis Function Neural Network, X. Mao, L. Sun, G. Hui, L. Xu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and radial basis function (RBF) neural network algorithm were used to measure the protein content of wheat owing to their nondestructiveness and quick speed as well as better performance compared to the traditional measuring method (semimicro-Kjeldahl) in actual practice. To simplify the complex structure of the RBF network caused by the excessive wave points of samples obtained by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, we proposed the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the cluster center in the hidden layers of the RBF neural network. In addition, a series of improvements for the PSO algorithm was …

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Sensitivity And Specificity Of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Used For Influenza Rapid Test In Taiwan, K.-T. Wang, C.-P. Lin, Y.-Y. Fang, M.-H. Kao, D.Y.-C. Shih, C.-F. Lo, D.-Y. Wang Jul 2020

Sensitivity And Specificity Of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Used For Influenza Rapid Test In Taiwan, K.-T. Wang, C.-P. Lin, Y.-Y. Fang, M.-H. Kao, D.Y.-C. Shih, C.-F. Lo, D.-Y. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The pandemic influenza A/H1N1 outbreak resulted in 18,449 deaths in over 214 countries. In Taiwan, the influenza rapid test, an in vitro diagnostic device (Flu-IVD), only requires documented reviews for market approval by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the analytical sensitivity and specificity of Flu- IVDs used in Taiwan. Analytical sensitivity and specificity tests were performed for influenza antigens A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) virus, A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2) virus, B/ Brisbane/60/08 virus, and human coronavirus OC43. A total of seven domestic and 31 imported Flu-IVD samples were collected, of which, 20 samples had inadequate labeling, …

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A Relative Bioavailability Study Of 500 Mg Calcium P-Aminosalicylate Film Coating Tablet In Healthy Individuals, C. Cheng, M.-L. Chen, C. Tseng, Y.-S. Uang, C.-L. Huang, K.-Y. Hsu Jul 2020

A Relative Bioavailability Study Of 500 Mg Calcium P-Aminosalicylate Film Coating Tablet In Healthy Individuals, C. Cheng, M.-L. Chen, C. Tseng, Y.-S. Uang, C.-L. Huang, K.-Y. Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the only available calcium p-aminosalicylate (Ca PAS) commercial product, which is one of the most commonly prescribed non-surveillance products fromthe Bureau of National Health Insurance (BNHI) database in Taiwan. An openrandomized, balanced, two-way crossover study was designed to evaluate the relative bioavailability (F) of a 500 mg Ca PAS F.C. tablet with a 500 mg Ca PAS suspension in 13 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected according to a planned time schedule. The plasma concentrations of PAS were measured by a validated liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method. Pharmacokinetic …

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Autophagy In Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity, S. Chen, W.B. Melchior, Jr., Y. Wu, L. Guo Jul 2020

Autophagy In Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity, S. Chen, W.B. Melchior, Jr., Y. Wu, L. Guo

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Liver injury resulting from exposure to drugs and chemicals is a major health problem. Autophagy is an important factor in a wide range of diseases, such as cancer, liver disease, muscular disorder, neurodegeneration, pathogen infection, and aging, and emerging evidence indicates that autophagy makes a substantial contribution to the pathogenesis of drug- And chemical-induced liver toxicity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on autophagy triggered by toxicants/toxins, the protective role of autophagy in liver toxicity, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We also highlight experimental approaches for studying autophagy. Copyright © 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan.

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