Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition Commons^™

State Population Influences Athletic Performance Combine Test Scores In High School-Aged American Football Players, Zachary M. Gillen, Marni E. Shoemaker, Brianna D. Mckay, Joel T. Cramer

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

This study compared athletic performance differences among high school American football combine participants originating from states of different population sizes. High school-aged American football players (n=7,214) who had participated in athletic performance combines between March 2015 and January 2016 were included in this analysis. Data included combine date and location, school state of origin, football position, class, height, weight, 10-, 20-, and 40-yd dash times, pro-agility, L-cone drill, vertical jump, broad jump, and power push-up. Participants were separated into high- (state population>10,000,000; HIGH; n=2,804), mid- (state population=5,000,000-9,999,999; MID; n=2,911), or low-population (state population<5,000,000; LOW; n=1,499) state of origin. Data were allometrically scaled to account for differences in body mass across high school grade levels and American football positions. All statistical analyses were performed on the allometrically scaled data. LOW athletes performed better than HIGH athletes in the 20-yd dash (p≤0.01). LOW athletes performed better than HIGH and MID in the 40-yd dash, proagility, broad jump, and power push-up (p<0.01). LOW and HIGH athletes performed better than MID in the Lcone and vertical jump (p<0.01). When considering population size, athletes originating from LOW states may demonstrate higher levels of athletic performance in football combine events hypothetically due to more opportunities for sports participation and playing time, leading to greater athletic development. Youth and high school coaches in MID and HIGH states might consider providing more opportunities for playing and individualized coaching to encourage long-term athletic development.

Development And Validation Of The Vending Evaluation For Nutrient-Density (Vend)Ing Audit, Tanya M. Horacek, Elif Dede Yildirim, Melissa Matthews Schreiber, Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, Sarah E. Colby, Adrienne A. White, Karla P. Shelnutt, Melissa D. Olfert, Anne E. Matthews, Kristin Riggsbee, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Jesse Stabile Morrell, Kendra Kattelmann

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: This paper describes the development and validation of the Vending Evaluation for Nutrient-Density (VEND)ing audit to comprehensively evaluate vended products based upon healthfulness, price and promotion, and machine accessibility. Methods: A novel vending nutrient-density score was created to determine the healthfulness of vended snack/beverage products. Field tested in United States colleges, VENDing audit (Σnutrient-density + 10 x % healthy products) and Support sub-scores (price + promotion + accessibility) were calculated for snack/beverage machines. Higher scores indicate more healthful vending options and supports for choosing healthfully. Nutrition Environment Measures Survey-Vending (NEMS-V) was used to validate the nutrient-density score for a …

Development And Validation Of The Policies, Opportunities, Initiatives And Notable Topics (Points) Audit For Campuses And Worksites, Tanya M. Horacek, Marlei Simon, Elif Dede Yildirim, Adrienne A. White, Karla P. Shelnutt, Kristin Riggsbee, Melissa D. Olfert, Jesse Stabile Morrell, Anne E. Matthews, Wenjun Zhou, Tandalayo Kidd, Kendra Kattelmann, Geoffrey Greene, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Sarah E. Colby, Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, Onikia Brown

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Workplace or campus wellness/obesity-prevention policies and initiatives can improve health. Research tools to assess worksite or campus policies/initiatives are scarce. Thus, the aim of this research is to develop and validate the policies, opportunities, initiatives, and notable topics (POINTS) audit. Methods: POINTS was developed and refined via expert review, pilot-testing, and field testing. Trained researchers completed a web-based review from a student-focus or employee-focus regarding 34 health-promoting topics for colleges. Each topic was evaluated on a 0–2 scale: 0 = no policy/initiative, 1 = initiatives, 2 = written policy. When a written policy was detected, additional policy support questions …

The Validity Of The Emg And Mmg Techniques To Examine Muscle Hypertrophy, Ethan C. Hill, Terry J. Housh, Josh L. Keller, Cory M. Smith, Richard Schmidt, Glen O. Johnson

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the ability of the electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude versus torque relationships to track group and individual changes in muscle hypertrophy as a result of resistance training.

Approach: Twelve women performed four weeks of forearm flexion blood flow restriction (BFR) resistance training at a frequency of three times per week. The training was performed at an isokinetic velocity of 120°∙s⁻¹ with a training load that corresponded to 30% of concentric peak torque. Muscle hypertrophy was determined using ultrasound-based assessments of muscle cross-sectional area from the biceps …

Urolithin A, A Gut Metabolite, Improves Insulin Sensitivity Through Augmentation Of Mitochondrial Function And Biogenesis, Ashley Mulcahy Toney, Rong Fan, Yibo Xian, Virginia Chaidez, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Soonkyu Chung

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Objective: Urolithin A (UroA) is a major metabolite of ellagic acid produced following microbial catabolism in the gut. Emerging evidence has suggested that UroA modulates energy metabolism in various cells. However, UroA’s physiological functions related to obesity and insulin resistance remain unclear. Methods: Male mice were intraperitoneally administrated either UroA or dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle) along with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated via glucose and insulin tolerance tests and acute insulin signaling. The effects of UroA on hepatic triglyceride accumulation, adipocyte size, mitochondrial DNA content, and proinflammatory gene expressions were determined. The impact of UroA on …

Milk-Derived Exosomes And Metabolic Regulation, Janos Zempleni, Sonal Sukreet, Fang Zhou, Di Wu, Ezra Mutai

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Exosomes are natural nanoparticles that play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Communication is achieved through the transfer of cargos, such as microRNAs, from donor to recipient cells and binding of exosomes to cell surface receptors. Exosomes and their cargos are also obtained from dietary sources, such as milk. Exosome and cell glycoproteins are crucial for intestinal uptake. A large fraction of milk exosomes accumulates in the brain, whereas the tissue distribution of microRNA cargos varies among distinct species of microRNA. The fraction of milk exosomes that escapes absorption elicits changes in microbial communities in the gut. Dietary depletion of …

Effects And Mechanisms Of Anacardium Occidentale And Glochidion Zeylanicum Leaf Extracts On Neuroprotective, Neuritogenesis, Oxidative Stress Resistance And Anti-Aging Properties., Chatrawee Duangjan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Aging is the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases and can negatively affect the quality of life. Neurodegenerative diseases are linked to neuronal cell death and neurite outgrowth impairment that are often caused by oxidative stress. As people want to live longer and healthier, healthy nutrition has been increasingly received much attention in recent years. Several studies reported a positive correlation between antioxidants in foods and longevity. Natural products from food supplements and medicinal plants with antioxidant properties could be promising candidates for fighting against various aging-related diseases and promoting longevity. Leaf extracts from A. occidentale (AO) and G. …

Pyocyanin, A Virulence Factor Produced By Sepsis-Causing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Promotes Adipose Wasting And Cachexia, Nika Larian

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

Sepsis is a leading cause of death among critically ill patients that results in metabolic alterations including hypercatabolism, lipoatrophy, and muscle wasting, contributing to the development of cachexia. Septic cachexia is associated with loss of body weight, fat mass, and lean mass and dysregulated immune function. There are currently no efficacious treatment strategies for septic cachexia, and nutritional interventions have limited success in preventing hypercatabolic wasting. Pyocyanin is a virulence factor produced by sepsis-causing Pseudomonas aeruginosa that has been shown to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), increase inflammation, and produce reactive oxygen species. Thus, pyocyanin represents a novel mechanistic …

Anti-Tumor Activities Of Auricularia Polytricha Extracts In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line (Hepg2) And Breast Cancer Cell Lines (Mcf-7 And Mda-Mb-231), Sunita Nilkhet

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Cancer is the disease that happens to occur in a high number of new cases each year. Even the choice of treatment is developing, but the adverse effects on cancer therapeutic drugs still challenging. To investigate the antitumor activities of Auricularia polytricha (AP) mushroom extract and active compounds, human cancer cell lines such as Hepatocellcular (HepG2) and Breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) were interested. The crude hexane extract of AP (APH) and crude ethanol extract of AP (APE) were prepared by maceration and Soxhlet extraction, respectively. Both APE and APH were investigated for their compound compositions by GC-MS. …

The Effects Of A Ketone Body On Synaptic Transmission, Alexandra Elizabeth Stanback

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

The ketogenic diet is commonly used to control epilepsy, especially in cases when medications cannot. The diet typically consists of high fat, low carb, and adequate protein and produces a metabolite called acetoacetate. Seizure activity is characterized by glutamate excitotoxicity and therefore glutamate regulation is a point of research for control of these disorders. Acetoacetate is heavily implicated as the primary molecule responsible for decreasing glutamate in the synapse; it is believed that acetoacetate interferes with the transport of glutamate into the synaptic vesicles. The effects on synaptic transmission at glutamatergic synapses was studied in relation to the ketogenic diet …

Evaluation Of A Brief Sodium Screener In Two Samples, Christy C. Tangney, Heather E. Rasmussen, Candace Richards, Michelle Li, Bradley M. Appelhans

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The Sodium Screener© (SS©), as developed by NutritionQuest (Berkeley, CA, USA), was designed to reduce the burden of repeated dietary or urinary sodium measurements, but the accuracy of daily sodium intake estimates has not been reported. Associations were examined between sodium intakes derived from the SS© scores and repeated 24-h recalls (24DR) in two studies with different administration modes. In one study, 102 registered dietitians (RD) completed three Automated Self-Administered 24DRs (ASA24©), version 2014, followed by the SS©; both were self-administered and web-based. In the second sample, (the Study of Household Purchasing Patterns, Eating, and Recreation or SHoPPER), trained dietitians …

Incorporating Technology Into The Icook 4-H Program, A Cooking Intervention For Adults And Children: Randomized Controlled Trial, Sarah Colby, Lauren Moret, Melissa D. Olfert, Kendra Kattelmann, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Kristin Riggsbee, Magen Payne, Ainsley Ellington, Cary Springer, Chelsea Allison, Sa'nealdra Wiggins, Rochelle Butler, Douglas Mathews, Adrienne A. White

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Families who cook, eat, and play together have been found to have more positive health outcomes. Interventions are needed that effectively increase these health-related behaviors. Technology is often incorporated in health-related interventions but is not always independently assessed.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe challenges and facilitators to incorporating technology into the iCook 4-H intervention program.

Methods: Dyads (n=228) composed of children (mean 9.4, SD 0.7 years old) and an adult primary meal preparer (mean 39.0, SD 8 years) were randomly assigned to a control (n=77) or treatment group (n=151). All treatment group dyads participated in …

Using Ripple Effects Maps To Identify Story Threads: A Framework To Link Private To Public Value, Jane E. Haskell, Barbara A. Baker, Melissa D. Olfert, Sarah E. Colby, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Kendra K. Kattelmann, Adrienne A. White

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

As funding opportunities are shifting and competitions for grant dollars increase, Extension programs need significant, measurable outcomes and impacts (Hachfeld, Bau, Holcomb, & Craig, 2013). Too often, program evaluation consists of data on inputs, activities, participants’ involvements, and feedback or changes in knowledge without providing evidence of changes in behavior and potential long-term social, economic, and environmental changes (Franz & Townson, 2008; Riggins, 2017; Stup, 2003).

The value of community programs must be expressed in captivating ways to garner public awareness and support (Franz, 2011; Franz, Arnold, & Baughman, 2014). Common

methodologies for expressing program value have included storytelling (Boyer …

Apple Pomace As A Novel Aid For Western Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Young Female Sprague Dawley Rats, R. Chris Skinner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Apple pomace is a “waste” byproduct of apple processing that causes environmental pollution and is costly to dispose of. Yet, apple pomace is rich in dietary fibers and antioxidants. Analysis of apple pomace’s nutritional profile indicates suitability as a potential dietary treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the more severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is the most prevalent liver disease in the world with prevalence and severity expected to increase in both adults and children. Currently, there is no approved drug treatment for NAFLD and therefore, dietary intervention is the primary treatment. The study objectives were to determine …

Improving Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Brewer Spent Grain With Nonthermal Plasma, Rajeev Ravindran, Chaitanya Sarangapani, Swarna Jaiswal, Peng Lu, Patrick J. Cullen, Paula Bourke, Amit Jaiswal

Articles

In this study, a new pre-treatment method based on novel non-thermal plasma technology was developed to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of brewer’s spent grain (BSG) and subsequent bioethanol production. A submerged dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor system was applied for this purpose. Pre-treatments were performed by taking into account variables including; voltages (22 kV, 25 kV and 28 kV), solvent (acid, alkali and water) and time (5, 10, 15 min). The resulting treated biomass was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. A 2.14-fold increase in yield of the reducing sugar was achieved post hydrolysis when the biomass was treated in water for …

Development Of Paper-Based 3d Cell Culture Devices And Real-Time Biosensing Applications, Naricha Pupinyo

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Due to its micro fibrous pores, paper has gained traction in the use as a scaffold for 3D cell culture. To study melanoma mechanism, screening the amount of melanin production and invasion study are major keys for drug development. In this work, we developed paper-based devices for culturing melanoma cells. Through the development process, we obtained the optimal parameters, which were applied for 3 different projects; 1) Anti-melanogenic effect screening, 2) Impedance-based E-screen assay, and 3) A membrane insert for real-time invasion assay. As a result of melanin production from melanocytes, the cells can be easily observed after a few …

Effects And Mechanisms Of Caesalpinia Mimosoides Leaf Extract On Oxidative Stress Resistance And Anti-Aging Activity In Caenorhabditis Elegans And Neurite Outgrowth Activity In Neuro2a Cells, Panthakarn Rangsinth

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

World’s population of older people is rising, dietary supplements promoting healthy lifespan are needed. Moreover, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an age-related degenerative disease, becomes a public health problem in aging society. Recent reports using cell culture models of AD suggest that amyloid precursor protein (APP), a protein causally related to AD, plays an important role as an inhibitor of neurite outgrowth. Medicinal herbs with neurite outgrowth stimulatory effect may help to prevent and cure AD. Moreover, studies suggest that dietary supplements from plant sources act in preventive nutrition, since they provide antioxidant action against oxidative stress, promote healthspan and prolong lifespan. …

Development Of Cell-Penetrating Peptides Targeting Nuclear And Extra-Nuclear Signaling Pathways In Cancer Cells, Panthita Kaewjanthong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Growth factors and hormones often mediate their biological effects through series of protein-protein interaction between cytoplasmic signaling molecules or transcription factors. Interfering of these protein-protein interactions has been shown to reduce or inhibit biological and growth responses to various growth factors and hormones. We previously demonstrated that progesterone receptor (PR) contains a polyproline domain (PPD) which directly interact to Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing molecules and expression of PR-PPD inhibits EGFR-mediated NSCLC cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated that the introduction of PR-PPD by cell-penetrating peptide could inhibit EGF-induced NSCLC cell proliferation. PR-PPD was attached to a cancer-specific CPP, …

ผลการปกป้องของสารสกัดใบรางจืดจากการเหนี่ยวนำความเป็นพิษด้วยกลูตาเมตในเซลล์ประสาท Ht-22 ผ่านวิถีออโตฟาจี, วุฒิพงษ์ วงศ์ทิพย์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

หนึ่งในสาเหตุสำคัญของการเกิดโรคความเสื่อมของระบบประสาทนั้นเกิดได้จากภาวะเครียดออกซิเดชันภายในเซลล์ประสาท โดยพบว่าสารสื่อประสาทชนิดกลูตาเมตเมื่อมีระดับสูงผิดปกติสามารถเหนี่ยวนำให้เกิดอนุมูลอิสระและภาวะเครียดออกซิเดชันนำไปสู่การสูญเสียและการตายของเซลล์ประสาทได้ โดยเฉพาะการตายของเซลล์จากการเกิดกระบวนการออโตฟาจีมากเกินไป ซึ่งเป็นกระบวนการที่มีบทบาทสำคัญในการควบคุมการตายของเซลล์ผ่านวิถีอื่นๆ รางจืด (Thunbergia laurifolia) เป็นพืชสมุนไพรไทยมีสรรพคุณในการถอนพิษ ต้านการอักเสบ และ ต้านอนุมูลอิสระได้ดี จุดประสงค์ในการวิจัยครั้งนี้ คือ ศึกษาคุณสมบัติการต้านอนุมูลอิสระของสารสกัดหยาบจากใบรางจืด และการปกป้องการตายของเซลล์ประสาทผ่านวิถีออโตฟาจี จากการเหนี่ยวนำภาวะเครียดออกซิเดชันด้วยกลูตาเมตโดยทดสอบในเซลล์ประสาทส่วนฮิปโปแคมปัสของหนูชนิด HT-22 ใบรางจืดถูกนำมาสกัดด้วยเอทานอล จากผลการทดสอบพบว่าสารสกัดหยาบจากใบรางจืดมีความสามารถในการต้านอนุมูลอิสระ และมีปริมาณสารประกอบ ฟลาโวนอยด์และฟีนอลิกสูง โดยจากการวิเคราะห์ด้วยเครื่อง LC-MS และเปรียบเทียบผลที่ได้กับฐานข้อมูล METLIN-(CA, USA) พบสารออกฤทธิ์สำคัญที่ยังไม่มีรายงานในสารสกัดเอทานอลของใบรางจืด ได้แก่ Apigenin 7-O-glucoside และ 7-Hydroxycoumarin ยิ่งไปกว่านั้นสารสกัดหยาบจากใบรางจืดยังสามารถลดการตายของเซลล์ประสาทจากการเหนี่ยวนำความเป็นพิษด้วยกลูตาเมต โดยสามารถยับยั้งการเกิดอนุมูลอิสระภายในเซลล์ และเพิ่มการแสดงออกของยีนต้านอนุมูลอิสระที่ทำหน้าที่สำคัญในกระบวนการต้านอนุมูลอิสระในร่างกาย ได้แก่ superoxide dismutase 1 และ 2 (SOD1 and SOD2) catalase (CAT) และ glutathione peroxidase (GPx) ซึ่งสัมพันธ์กับการลดการเกิดกระบวนการออโตฟาจีภายในเซลล์และเพิ่มปริมาณ ไมโตคอนเดรียโปรตีน โดยพบว่าสารสกัดหยาบจากใบรางจืดสามารถลดอัตราส่วนการแสดงออกของโปรตีน LC3B-II/LC3B-I และเพิ่มการแสดงออกของไมโตคอนเดรียโปรตีน TOM20 เมื่อทำการตรวจหาตำแหน่งที่จำเพาะต่อการแสดงออกของโปรตีนในกระบวนการออโตฟาจี (LC3B) และไมโตคอนเดรียด้วยกล้องจุลทรรศน์ชนิดคอนโฟคอล พบว่า สารสกัดหยาบจากใบรางจืดสามารถลดการเกิด LC3-puncta ซึ่งเป็นลักษณะเด่นของการเกิดกระบวนการออโตฟาจี นอกจากนี้สารสกัดหยาบจากใบรางจืดยังลดการ colocalization ของ LC3B และไมโตคอนเดรีย จากผลการศึกษานี้เราพบสารออกฤทธิ์สำคัญใหม่ที่ยังไม่มีรายงานมาก่อนของใบรางจืด โดยสารออกฤทธิ์นี้มีความสามารถในการปกป้องเซลล์ประสาทชนิด HT-22 จากภาวะเครียดออกซิเดชันและเป็นปัจจัยสำคัญทำให้สารสกัดจากใบรางจืดมีความสามารถลดการตายของเซลล์ประสาทผ่านวิถีออโตฟาจีได้ ซึ่งอาจสามารถนำไปพัฒนาเป็นสมุนไพรทางเลือกหรือยาเพื่อใช้ในการป้องกันหรือรักษาการเกิดโรคความเสื่อมของระบบประสาทได้ในอนาคต

Rats Fed Dietary Bioactive Components (Resistant Starch, Whole Grains, And Fat) Undergo Altered Biometrics And Gene Expression As A Result Of Gut Fermentation, Justin Lamont Guice

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The whole grain and fat content of the diet have been previously shown to affect intestinal fermentation and phenotype conferred by high–amylose maize resistant starch (HAMRS), a form of fermentable dietary fiber. The current studies were designed to compare rodent gut health following consumption of whole grain and non–whole grain prebiotics on moderate fat (MF) and high fat (HF) diets, and to optimize health effect based on dosage of whole grain resistant starch prebiotics.

Study 1: Diets were prepared to contain the following factors RS (Present/Absent), WG (Present/Absent), and Fat (HF/MF). A three–way ANOVA was performed with statistical slice …

A Novel Tetracycline-Responsive Transgenic Mouse Strain For Skeletal Muscle-Specific Gene Expression, Masahiro Iwata, Davis A. Englund, Yuan Wen, Cory M. Dungan, Kevin A. Murach, Ivan Jose Vechetti Jr, Christopher B. Mobley, Charlotte A. Peterson, John J. Mccarthy

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: The tetracycline-responsive system (Tet-ON/OFF) has proven to be a valuable tool for manipulating gene expression in an inducible, temporal, and tissue-specific manner. The purpose of this study was to create and characterize a new transgenic mouse strain utilizing the human skeletal muscle α-actin (HSA) promoter to drive skeletal muscle-specific expression of the reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA) gene which we have designated as the HSA-rtTA mouse. Methods: To confirm the HSA-rtTA mouse was capable of driving skeletal muscle-specific expression, we crossed the HSA-rtTA mouse with the tetracycline-responsive histone H2B-green fluorescent protein (H2B-GFP) transgenic mouse in order to label myonuclei. Results: …

Comparison Of Maternal Beliefs About Causes Of Autism Spectrum Disorder And Association With Utilization Of Services And Treatments, Virginia Chaidez, Erik Fernandez Y Garcia, Lulu W. Wang, Kathleen Angkustsiri, Paula Krakowiak, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Robin L. Hansen

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: This study aimed to describe parental perceptions of the causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in an ethnically diverse sample and explore whether these perceptions relate to treatment choices.

Methods: The sample consisted of White (n=224), Hispanic (n=85) and Asian (n=21) mothers of a child with ASD. A mixed methods approach was used in this secondary analysis focusing on parental perceptions about the causes of ASD and the relationship of these to utilization of services and treatment.

Results: Environmental and genetic factors were most often believed to be the cause or one of the causes of ASD by mothers …

Biology Of Exosomes And Their Microrna Cargos In Human And Bovine Milk, Amy Lynn Leiferman

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Exosomes are small, cargo-containing vesicles secreted by cells to facilitate intercellular communication. Of exosome cargos, microRNAs are especially interesting because of their involvement in gene regulation. Recently, our lab has shown that exosomes and their microRNA cargo are absorbed through the diet and elicit effects exogenously. Human and animal milk contain exosomes, which may have implications in infant and adult nutrition. There is evidence that bovine milk exosomes enhance growth of murine C2C12 myotube cell cultures, but whether this translates to muscle in vivo is unknown. The USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference is lacking up-to-date information about human …

Stability Of The Human Faecal Microbiome In A Cohort Of Adult Men, Raaj S. Mehta, David A. Drew, Jason Lloyd-Price, Ayshwarya Subramaian, Paul Lochhead, Amit D. Joshi, Kerry L. Ivey, Hamed Khalili, Gordon T. Brown, Casey Dulong, Mingyang Song, Long H. Nguyen, Himel Mallick, Eric B. Rimm, Jacques Izard, Curtis Huttenhower, Andrew T. Chan, Galeb S. Abu-Ali

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Characterizing the stability of the gut microbiome is important to exploit it as a therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker. We metagenomically and metatranscriptomically sequenced the faecal microbiomes of 308 participants in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Participants provided four stool samples—one pair collected 24–72 h apart and a second pair ~6 months later. Within-person taxonomic and functional variation was consistently lower than between-person variation over time. In contrast, metatranscriptomic profiles were comparably variable within and between subjects due to higher within-subject longitudinal variation. Metagenomic instability accounted for ~74% of corresponding metatranscriptomic instability. The rest was probably attributable to sources such …

Radical Social Ecology As Deep Pragmatism: A Call To The Abolition Of Systemic Dissonance And The Minimization Of Entropic Chaos, Arielle Brender

Student Theses 2015-Present

This paper aims to shed light on the dissonance caused by the superimposition of Dominant Human Systems on Natural Systems. I highlight the synthetic nature of Dominant Human Systems as egoic and linguistic phenomenon manufactured by a mere portion of the human population, which renders them inherently oppressive unto peoples and landscapes whose wisdom were barred from the design process. In pursuing a radical pragmatic approach to mending the simultaneous oppression and destruction of the human being and the earth, I highlight the necessity of minimizing entropic chaos caused by excess energy expenditure, an essential feature of systems that aim …

Effects Of Mitochondrial Nadp+-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Deficiency On Fructose-Induced Obesity In Mice, Allison Michelle Montalbano, Kaleigh Elizabeth Beane

Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management Undergraduate Honors Theses

Obesity prevalence in the United States continues to increase and is associated with health consequences such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia. Among many contributing factors to obesity, fructose may be one of the major reasons as it disrupts the antioxidant system thereby resulting in an accumulation of reactive oxidative species and leading to obese conditions. The enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), reduces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate from the TCA Cycle, hence might be implicated with not only energy metabolism but also cellular redox homeostasis. Therefore, the hypothesis was that IDH2 deficiency in mice would exacerbate hepatic lipid …

Antiproliferative Activity Of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, And Volatile Terpenoids In Carrots (Daucus Carota L.), Brittany Frederick

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Epidemiological studies have shown an association between high carrot consumption and low prevalence of cancer. This observation has been thought to be attributed to carrot carotenoids. Despite this, various intervention trials have displayed no changes in incidence or increased incidence of cancer with carotenoid supplementation. It is possible that carrot phenolics are responsible for this association, though this has not been widely accepted. Volatile terpenoids from carrots have not been studied in this regard. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to compare the antiproliferative effects of carotenoids, phenolics, and volatile terpenoids extracted from carrots on Caco-2 colon cancer …

Eating Crickets? Nutrient Mineral Content Of Two Cricket Species And Chapul Cricket Protein Bars Using Mp-Aes, Nathan Hopkins

Student Scholar Showcase

Global agriculture is beset by numerous challenges which must be surmounted to feed a developing world, from combating climate change to the cultivation of sustainable food products. This, in addition to protein and nutrient deficiencies in the developing world, makes considering alternative protein sources, such as a crickets, an attractive option. Crickets use a fraction of the land and water that protein sources like beef cattle do, and can be cultivated in urban environments in stacked boxes. This research investigation aims to quantify the nutrient mineral content (Iron, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium) of two cricket species (Acheta domesticus …

Whole Tart Cherry Improves Disease Activity Index In Rat Model Of Dextran Sulfate Solution – Induced Ulcerative Colitis By Downregulating The Janus 1 And Janus 3 Kinases And Tnf - Alpha, Johana Alexandra Coronel

LSU Master's Theses

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disabling inflammatory bowel disease. UC is characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the colon and rectum. Current treatments such as monoclonal antibodies against TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12/p40, adhesion molecules, Janus kinases (JAK) inhibitors have side effects or lose their effects over time. Alternative approaches with fewer side effects for patients are needed. Montmorency tart cherries (Prunus cerasus) are a good source of anti-inflammatory flavonoids. We hypothesized that regular consumption whole tart cherry (TC) standardized to its major anthocyanin content, namely cyanidin-3-glucosyl-rutinoside, would be effective in reducing inflammation in UC. The aim of this research was to …

Effects Of Tunable, 3d-Bioprinted Hydrogels On Human Brown Adipocyte Behavior And Metabolic Function, Mitchell Kuss, Jiyoung Kim, Dianjun Qi, Shaohua Wu, Yuguo Lei, Soonkyu Chung, Bin Duan

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Obesity and its related health complications cause billions of dollars in healthcare costs annually in the United States, and there are yet to be safe and long-lasting anti-obesity approaches. Using brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising approach, as it uses fats for energy expenditure. However, the effect of the microenvironment on human thermogenic brown adipogenesis and how to generate clinically relevant sized and functioning BAT are still unknown. In our current study, we evaluated the effects of endothelial growth medium exposure on brown adipogenesis of human brown adipose progenitors (BAP). We found that pre-exposing BAP to angiogenic factors promoted …