Human and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

Improving Our Food And Physical Activity Environments, Michael R. Thomsen

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

Learn about food environments, the good and not so good food environments and how to improve the not so good food environments.

Learn that physical activity environments are important for everyone.

Early Satellite Cell Communication Creates A Permissive Environment For Long-Term Muscle Growth, Kevin A. Murach, Bailey D. Peck, Robert A. Policastro, Ivan J. Vechetti, Douglas W. Van Pelt, Cory M. Dungan, Lance T. Denes, Xu Fu, Camille R. Brightwell, Gabriel E. Zentner, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden, Christopher I. Richards, Jeramiah J. Smith, Christopher S. Fry, John J. Mccarthy, Charlotte A. Peterson

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Using in vivo muscle stem cell (satellite cell)-specific extracellular vesicle (EV) tracking, satellite cell depletion, in vitro cell culture, and single-cell RNA sequencing, we show satellite cells communicate with other cells in skeletal muscle during mechanical overload. Early satellite cell EV communication primes the muscle milieu for proper long-term extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and is sufficient to support sustained hypertrophy in adult mice, even in the absence of fusion to muscle fibers. Satellite cells modulate chemokine gene expression across cell types within the first few days of loading, and EV delivery of miR 206 to fibrogenic cells represses Wisp1 expression …

Dietary Strawberries Improve Cardiometabolic Risks In Adults With Obesity And Elevated Serum Ldl Cholesterol In A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial, Arpita Basu, Kenneth Izuora, Nancy M. Betts, Jefferson W. Kinney, Arnold M. Salazar, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, R. Hal Scofield

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

Background and aims: Dietary berries, such as strawberries, are rich in bioactive compounds and have been shown to lower cardiometabolic risk. We examined the effects of two dietary achievable doses of strawberries on glycemic control and lipid profiles in obese adults with elevated serum LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Methods: In this 14-week randomized controlled crossover study, participants were assigned to one of the three arms for four weeks separated by a one-week washout period: control powder, one serving (low dose: 13 g strawberry powder/day), or two-and-a-half servings (high dose: 32 g strawberry powder/day). Participants were instructed to follow their usual diet …

Saturated Free Fatty Acids Induce Placental Trophoblast Lipoapoptosis, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Taylor Bruett, Philma Glora Muthuraj, Prakash K. Sahoo, Jillian Power, Justin L. Mott, Corrine Hanson, Ann Anderson-Berry

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Obesity during pregnancy increases the risk for maternal complications like gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and maternal inflammation. Maternal obesity also increases the risk of childhood obesity, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and diabetes to the offspring. Increased circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) in obesity due to adipose tissue lipolysis induces lipoapoptosis to hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and pancreatic-β-cells. During the third trimester of human pregnancy, there is an increase in maternal lipolysis and release of FFAs into the circulation. It is currently unknown if increased FFAs during gestation as a result of maternal obesity cause placental cell lipoapoptosis. Increased exposure of FFAs during maternal …

Preceptorship Within Accredited Nutrition And Dietetics Programs: A Pragmatic Mixed Methods Study, Angela K. Brekken

Dissertations, Theses, and Projects

The purpose of this pragmatic mixed-methods study was to identify the factors that impact a nutrition professional’s preceptorship decision and potential solutions to combat preceptor shortages within accredited nutrition and dietetics programs. Homan’s social exchange theory provided the theoretical framework that if perceived costs of preceptorship outweigh the perceived benefits, then the activity will cease.

Phase one of the study included an online mixed-methods questionnaire. Phase two included a qualitative focus group and interview with self-identified volunteers from phase one. Quantitative analysis through SPSS included descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (one-way ANOVA). Qualitative data for both …

Social Influences On Behavior Change, Regina Schreiber

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

What is Social Influence and why does it matter?

The Financing Need For Expanding Paid Maternity Leave To Support Breastfeeding In The Informal Sector In The Philippines, Valerie Gilbert Ulep, Paul Zambrano, Janice Datu-Sanguyo, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Graciela Materuel Belismelis, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Grace J. Carrol, Roger Mathisen

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

In low- and middle-income countries, almost three-fourths of women in the labour force lack maternity protection. In the Philippines, current laws do not guarantee paid maternity leave to workers in the informal economy. A non-contributory maternity cash transfer to informal sector workers could be used to promote social equity and economic productivity and could provide health benefits by helping mothers meet their breastfeeding goals. The objective of the study is to provide a realistic cost estimate and to assess the financial feasibility of implementing a publicly financed, non-contributory maternity cash transfer programme to the informal sector in the Philippines. Using …

The Importance Of Nutrition And Preventing Malnutrition In Older Adults: A Literature Review And Informational Booklet, Sophie Johnson

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Over years of studying nutrition science and gerontology, there was very little information in classes that combined these two important topics. Older adults are often classified as those above the age of 65 years old. There is a growing number of older adults in the United States, which increases the need for information on how nutrition and aging are interlaced. As humans age, multiple factors can impact nutrition. Nutrition involves consuming the proper amount of nutrients to maintain body function. There are physiological, physical, socioeconomic and medication factors that can all influence nutrition status. It is important to be aware …

Strategies For Change: Social Support, Erin Howie

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

What is Social Support?

Different types of social support.

Tips to improve our social network.

Associations Of Dietary Patterns And Nutrients With Glycated Hemoglobin In Participants With And Without Type 1 Diabetes, Arpita Basu, Amy C. Alman, Janet K. Snell-Bergeon

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

Background: Diet has been associated with poor glycemic control in diabetes. Few studies have examined this association in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), who are at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease than people without diabetes. Methods: We report data from cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses from a coronary artery calcification in type 1 diabetes (CACTI) study (n = 1257; T1D: n = 568; non-diabetic controls: n = 689) collected between the years 2000 and 2002. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, a physical examination, and biochemical analyses. Dietary patterns based on variations in food group intake were created …

Strategies For Change: Mindfulness, Ed Mink

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

Ed Mink will share mindfulness strategies and take everyone through a mindfulness session.

Intrauterine Transfer Of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids In Mother–Infant Dyads As Analyzed At Time Of Delivery, Vanessa Woodard, Melissa Thoene, Matthew Van Ormer, Maranda Thompson, Corrine Hanson, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Maheswari Mukherjee, Ana Yuil-Valdes, Tara M. Nordgren, Arzu Ulu, Kristina Harris Jackson, Ann Anderson-Berry

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for fetal development, and intrauterine transfer is the only supply of PUFAs to the fetus. The prevailing theory of gestational nutrient transfer is that certain nutrients (including PUFAs) may have prioritized transport across the placenta. Numerous studies have identified correlations between maternal and infant fatty acid concentrations; however, little is known about what role maternal PUFA status may play in differential intrauterine nutrient transfer. Twenty mother–infant dyads were enrolled at delivery for collection of maternal and umbilical cord blood, and placental tissue samples. Plasma concentrations of PUFAs were assessed using gas chromatography (GC‐FID). Intrauterine …

Effects Of Beer Based Marinades On The Plasmalogen Content And Composition Of Grilled Ruminant Meats, Charles F. Manful, Thu H. Pham, Natalia P. Vidal, Muhammad Nadeem, Evan Wheeler, Oludoyin A. Adigun, Oluwashina A. Ayinla, Dwayne N. Keough, Raymond H. Thomas

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Plasmalogens are important phospholipids essential for maintaining cardiovascular and brain health. Ruminant meats are excellent dietary sources of plasmalogens. Globally, grilling remains a popular technique for preparing meats. However, little is known concerning how marination affects retention and quality of plasmalogens in grilled ruminant meats. Here we present information on effect of two unfiltered beer-based marinades infused with herbs and spices on plasmalogens in grilled beef and moose meats. Although total plasmalogen contents of marinated grilled meats were lower compared to unmarinated controls, compositionally, wheat ale- and India session ale-based marinades retained higher levels of PUFA plasmalogen PC (phosphatidylcholine) and …

Strategies For Change: Behavior Change Using Self Talk, Kaitlyn Chamberlain

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

Speaker shares how self-talk can help improve our ability to meet our goals.

Care For Some Lunch? It’S More Than Just Food! Care, Commensality And Pedagogic Meals In Irish Primary Schools, Caroline Mcgowan

Level 3

This expository article addresses a lacuna in policy and practice literature around using primary school lunches as both a pedagogical opportunity and a space to expose children to social and cultural ‘rituals’ that model both care and food sharing as commensality. The article argues that policy literature in this space broadly tends to be concerned with a medicalised paradigm of nutrition, physical and cognitive development, and disease prevention, with scant regard for the impact that natural ‘everyday’ practices of eating and caring can have on enhancing encultured commensality, care and learning.

Low Energy Availability With And Without A High-Protein Diet Suppresses Bone Formation And Increases Bone Resorption In Men: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study, Chaise Murphy, Laura D. Bilek, Karsten Koehler

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Suppression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and leptin secondary to low energy availability (LEA) may contribute to adverse effects on bone health. Whether a high-protein diet attenuates these effects has not been tested. Seven men completed three five-day conditions operationally defined as LEA (15 kcal kg fat-free mass (FFM)^-1 day^-1) with low protein (LEA-LP; 0.8 g protein·kg body weight (BW)^-1), LEA with high protein (LEA-HP; 1.7 g protein·kg BW^-1) and control (CON; 40 kcal·kg FFM^-1·day^-1, 1.7 g protein·kg BW^-1). In all conditions, participants expended 15 kcal·kg …

Strategies For Change: Effective Goal Setting, Jamie Baum

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

Goal setting and What is a SMART goal?

Strategies For Change: Motivation & Rewards, Kayce Hyde

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

Kayce Hyde speaks about motivation and how we can initiate, guide and maintain goal-oriented behaviors.

Immunomodulatory Role Of Urolithin A On Metabolic Diseases, Ashley Mulcahy Toney, Darius Fox, Virginia Chaidez, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Soonkyu Chung

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Abstract: Urolithin A (UroA) is a gut metabolite produced from ellagic acid-containing foods such as pomegranates, berries, and walnuts. UroA is of growing interest due to its therapeutic potential for various metabolic diseases based on immunomodulatory properties. Recent advances in UroA research suggest that UroA administration attenuates inflammation in various tissues, including the brain, adipose, heart, and liver tissues, leading to the potential delay or prevention of the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review, we focus on recent updates of the anti-inflammatory function of UroA and summarize the potential mechanisms …

Introduction To Dfend 3 And Behavior Change And Determinants Of Behavior, Jamie Baum, Erin Howie

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

The purpose of the study is to learn more about the effect of behavioral, nutrition, and physical activity education and goal setting on personal health goals using online lectures, virtual coaches, and social media.

“Learning is the relatively permanent change in a person’s knowledge or behavior due to experience. This definition has three components: 1) the duration of the change is long-term rather than short term; 2) the focus of the change is the content and structure of knowledge in memory or the behavior of the learner; 3) the cause of the change is the learner’s experience in the environment …

The Effects Of Veganism On Endurance Running Performance, Wesley Toh, Kristle Ann Garcia, Ishwin Mann, Saw Caesar Htoo, Nor Natasha Amir

Introduction to Research Methods RSCH 202

With the growing interest in veganism and its potential health benefits to athletes, it is imperative to consider whether dietary practices could influence athletic performance. The purpose of this research is to find out whether veganism leads to a better performance in endurance runners. We also examine recent studies that attempt to highlight the positive and negative impacts of veganism on athletes’ health. This study adopts a similar framework to the Nutritional and Running High Mileage (NURMI) study, which aims to investigate the relationship between different diet types and running performance. 200 volunteers in Singapore will participate in a cross-sectional …

Anti-Nlrp3 Inflammasome Natural Compounds: An Update, Baolong Liu, Jiujiu Yu

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat related (NLR) family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that recognizes various danger or stress signals from pathogens, the host, and the environment, leading to activation of caspase-1 and inducing inflammatory responses. This pro-inflammatory protein complex plays critical roles in pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, intensive efforts have been devoted to understanding its activation mechanisms and to searching for its specific inhibitors. Approximately forty natural compounds with anti-NLRP3 inflammasome properties have been identified. Here, we provide an update …

Identification Of Anti-Inflammatory Vesicle-Like Nanoparticles In Honey, Xingyi Chen, Boalong Liu, Xingzhi Li, Thuy T. An, You Zhou, Gang Li, Judy Wu-Smart, Sophie Alvarez, Michael J. Naldrett, James Eudy, Gregory Kubik, Richard A. Wilson, Stephen D. Kachman, Juan Cui, Jiujiu Yu

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Honey has been used as a nutrient, an ointment, and a medicine worldwide for many centuries. Modern research has demonstrated that honey has many medicinal properties, reflected in its anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. Honey is composed of sugars, water and a myriad of minor components, including minerals, vitamins, proteins and polyphenols. Here, we report a new bioactive component‒vesicle-like nanoparticles‒in honey (H-VLNs). These HVLNs are membrane-bound nano-scale particles that contain lipids, proteins and small-sized RNAs. The presence of plant-originated plasma transmembrane proteins and plasma membrane-associated proteins suggests the potential vesicle-like nature of these particles. H-VLNs impede the formation and activation …

Zika Virus Infection Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Apoptosis In Placental Trophoblasts, Philma Glora Muthuraj, Prakash K. Sahoo, Madison Kraus, Taylor Bruett, Arun S. Annamalai, Aryamav Pattnaik, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Sathish Kumar Natarajan

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection to a pregnant woman can be vertically transmitted to the fetus via the placenta leading to Congenital Zika syndrome. This is characterized by microcephaly, retinal defects, and intrauterine growth retardation. ZIKV induces placental trophoblast apoptosis leading to severe abnormalities in the growth and development of the fetus. However, the molecular mechanism behind ZIKV-induced apoptosis in placental trophoblasts remains unclear. We hypothesize that ZIKV infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the trophoblasts, and sustained ER stress results in apoptosis. HTR-8 (HTR-8/SVneo), a human normal immortalized trophoblast cell and human choriocarcinoma-derived cell lines (JEG-3 and JAR) were …

Exercise Shifts Hypothetical Food Choices Toward Greater Amounts And More Immediate Consumption, Karsten Koehler, Safiya E. Beckford, Elise Thayer, Alexandra R. Martin, Julie B. Boron, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Although exercise modulates appetite regulation and food intake, it remains poorly understood how exercise impacts decision-making about food. The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of an acute exercise bout on hypothetical choices related to the amount and timing of food intake. Forty-one healthy participants (22.0 ± 2.6 years; 23.7 ± 2.5 kg/m² , 56% female) completed 45 min of aerobic exercise and a resting control condition in randomized order. Food amount preferences and intertemporal food preferences (preference for immediate vs. delayed consumption) were assessed using electronic questionnaires with visual food cues. Compared to rest, …

Applications Of The Critical Power Model To Dynamic Constant External Resistance Exercise: A Brief Review Of The Critical Load Test, Haley C. Bergstrom, Taylor K. Dinyer, Pasquale J. Succi, Caleb C. Voskuil, Terry J. Housh

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The study and application of the critical power (CP) concept has spanned many decades. The CP test provides estimates of two distinct parameters, CP and W0 , that describe aerobic and anaerobic metabolic capacities, respectively. Various mathematical models have been used to estimate the CP and W0 parameters across exercise modalities. Recently, the CP model has been applied to dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) exercises. The same hyperbolic relationship that has been established across various continuous, whole-body, dynamic movements has also been demonstrated for upper-, lower-, and whole-body DCER exercises. The asymptote of the load versus repetition relationship is defined …

Excessive Intake Of Iodine And Low Prevalence Of Goiter In School Age Children Five Years After Implementation Of National Salt Iodization In Shebedino Woreda, Southern Ethiopia, Elilta Elias, Workneh Tsegaya, Barbara J. Stoecker, Tafere Gebreegziabher Belay

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Background

Iodine is a trace element required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The multiple effects of iodine deficiency on human health are called iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). IDDs have been common nutritional problems in Ethiopia. In 2012, Ethiopia launched a national salt iodization program to address IDDs. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of this program after 5 years by measuring urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and prevalence of goiter in school age children as well as household salt iodine concentration (SIC).

Methods

A school-based cross-sectional design was employed. After ethical approval, 408 children from eight …

Role Of Lab In Silage Fermentation: Effect On Nutritional Quality And Organic Acid Production—An Overview, Da Hye Kim, Kyung Dong Lee, Ki Choon Choi

Center for Research on Environmental Disease Faculty Publications

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inocula play a key role in the preservation and fermentation of forage crops within inoculated silages. LAB is a significant group of the bacterial community as they successfully reduce pH, inhibit the survival of undesirable microorganisms and control nutrient loss in fermented silage. Ensiled plants and metabolites such as simple plant carbohydrates have been utilized by LAB (homo-fermentative and hetero-fermentative LAB) to initiate the production of organic acids including lactic and acetic acids. LAB as a biological silage additive provides stable feed value and secondary metabolic products during rapid anaerobic primary silage fermentation. They are able …

Household Water Filter Distribution Reduces Diarrhea In Liberia, Sadie Kornoelje, Blerta Lika, Nathan Wang, Stacy L. De Ruiter, Randall Pruim

Summer Research

Liberian Background

• Liberia has an estimated 4.82 million citizens
• 84% have access to water
• 74% have access to drinking water within 30-minute walking radius

Research on Diarrheal Rates

• 6th leading cause of death for children under the age of 5
• In 2016, 6 out of every 1000 children in Liberia died of diarrhea
• Associated with malnutrition and stunted growth
• Hypothesis: Access to filters at the household level will be positively associated with reductions in diarrheal disease

The Effects Of Phosphocreatine Disodium Salts Plus Blueberry Extract Supplementation On Muscular Strength, Power, And Endurance, John Paul V. Anders, Tyler J. Neltner, Robert W. Smith, Joshua L. Keller, Terry J. Housh, F Joseph Daugherty, Michael S. Tempesta, Alekha K. Dash, Daniel J. Munt, Richard J. Schmidt, Glen O. Johnson

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of creatine supplementation for improvements in exercise performance. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of phosphocreatine supplementation on exercise performance. Furthermore, while polyphenols have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, little is known regarding the influence of polyphenol supplementation on muscular strength, power, and endurance. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of 28 days of supplementation with phosphocreatine disodium salts plus blueberry extract (PCDSB), creatine monohydrate (CM), and placebo on measures of muscular strength, power, and endurance.

Methods: Thirty-three men were randomly assigned to consume either PCDSB, CM, …