Human and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

The Effects Of A Vegetarian Diet On Iron Status In Female Students, Kimberly G. Englehardt

Master's Theses

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disease worldwide (Mahan & Escott-Stump, 2004). Iron deficiency anemia is of major concern especially in women of child bearing age and those who follow a vegetarian diet. The objective of this study was to compare the nutrient and hematological values related to iron status in female university students following a vegetarian versus following a nonvegetarian diet. This study took a cross sectional analysis of 39 female students at California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly State University) in San Luis Obispo, CA. Of the participants 19 were following a vegetarian diet and …

Initial Interaction Of Apoa-I With Abca1 Impacts In Vivo Metabolic Fate Of Nascent Hdl, Anny Mulya, Ji-Young Lee, Abraham K. Gebre, Elena Y. Boudyguina, Soonkyu Chung, Thomas L. Smith, Perry L. Colvin, Xian-Cheng Jiang, John S. Parks

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

We investigated the in vivo metabolic fate of preb HDL particles in human apolipoprotein A-I transgenic (hA-I Tg) mice. Pre-b HDL tracers were assembled by incubation of [125I]tyramine cellobiose-labeled apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with HEK293 cells expressing ABCA1. Radiolabeled pre-b HDLs of increasing size (pre-b1, -2, -3, and -4 HDLs) were isolated by fast-protein liquid chromatography and injected into hA-I Tg-recipient mice, after which plasma decay, in vivo remodeling, and tissue uptake were monitored. Pre-b2, -3, and -4 had similar plasma die-away rates, whereas pre-b1 HDL was removed 7-fold more rapidly. Radiolabel recovered in liver and kidney 24 h after tracer …

Lipid Extract Of Nostoc Commune Var. Sphaeroides Kützing, A Blue-Green Alga, Inhibits The Activation Of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins In Hepg2 Cells, Heather E. Rasmussen, Kara R. Blobaum, Young-Ki Park, Sarah J. Ehlers, Fan Lu, Ji-Young Lee

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides Kützing (N. commune), a blue-green alga, has been used as both a food ingredient and in medicine for centuries. To determine the effect of N. commune on cholesterol metabolism, N. commune lipid extract was incubated at increasing concentrations (25–100 mg/L) with HepG2 cells, a human hepatoma cell line. The addition of N. commune lipid extract markedly reduced mRNA abundance of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and LDL receptor (LDLR) (P < 0.05), with a concomitant decrease in their protein expression (P < 0.001). Reduced HMGR activity by 90% with N. commune lipid extract confirmed the inhibitory role of N. commune in cholesterol synthesis (P < 0.006). To elucidate a molecular mechanism underlying the repression of HMGR and LDLR by N. commune lipid extract, expression of sterol regulatory …

Who Shall Assist The Poor? An Inquiry Into The Role Of Markets, Private Charity And Government, Tom Birch

The University Dialogue

The paper uses the writings of Adam Smith (The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments) to frame some of the economic, psychological and ethical issues regarding how best to assist the poor.

Effects Of A Supplement Designed To Increase Atp Levels On Muscle Strength, Power Output, And Endurance, Trent J. Herda, Eric D. Ryan, Jeffrey R. Stout, Joel T. Cramer

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: The present study examined the acute effects of a nutritional supplement intended to improve adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations on vertical jump height, isometric strength of the leg extensors, leg extension endurance, and forearm flexion endurance.

Methods: Twenty-four healthy men (mean age ± SD = 23 ± 4 yrs, stature = 181 ± 7 cm, and body mass = 82 ± 12 kg) volunteered to complete a familiarization trial plus 2 randomly-ordered experimental trials separated by a 7-day washout period. Participants received either 6 (body mass < 91 kg) or 8 (body mass ≥ 91 kg) tablets of the treatment (TR; 625 mg of adenylpyrophosphoric acid and calcium pyruvate, 350.8 mg of cordyceps sinensis extract and yohimbine hydrochloride) or placebo (PL; 980 mg of microcrystalline cellulose) 1 hour prior to the following tests: countermovement vertical jump (CVJ), forearm flexion repetitions to exhaustion, isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the leg extensors, and a 50-repetition maximal concentric isokinetic leg extension endurance test.

Results: There were no differences between the TR and PL trials for CVJ height …

The Effect Of Beta-Alanine Supplementation On Neuromuscular Fatigue In Elderly (55–92 Years): A Double-Blind Randomized Study, Jeffrey R. Stout, B. Sue Graves, Abbie E. Smith, Michael J. Hartman, Joel T. Cramer, Travis W. Beck, Roger C. Harris

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Ageing is associated with a significant reduction in skeletal muscle carnosine which has been linked with a reduction in the buffering capacity of muscle and in theory, may increase the rate of fatigue during exercise. Supplementing beta-alanine has been shown to significantly increase skeletal muscle carnosine. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of ninety days of beta-alanine supplementation on the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWC_FT) in elderly men and women.

Methods: Using a double-blind placebo controlled design, twenty-six men (n = 9) and women (n = 17) (age ± …

Inhibition Of Stearoyl-Coa Desaturase 1 (Scd1) Dissociates Insulin Resistance And Obesity From Atherosclerosis, J. Mark Brown, Soonkyu Chung, Janet K. Sawyer, Chiara Degirolamo, Heather M. Alger, Tam Nguyen, Xuewei Zhu, My-Ngan Duong, Amanda L. Wibley, Ramesh Shah, Matthew A. Davis, Kathryn Kelley, Martha D. Wilson, Carol Kent, John S. Parks, Lawrence L. Rudel

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background—Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a well-known enhancer of the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of SCD1 in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis progression.

Methods and Results—Antisense oligonucleotides were used to inhibit SCD1 in a mouse model of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis (LDLr^-/-Apob^100/100). In agreement with previous reports, inhibition of SCD1 protected against diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. However, unexpectedly SCD1 inhibition strongly promoted aortic atherosclerosis, which could not be reversed by dietary oleate. Further analyses revealed that SCD1 inhibition promoted accumulation of saturated fatty acids …

Total Body Water Estimations In Healthy Men And Women Using Bioimpedance Spectroscopy: A Deuterium Oxide Comparison, Jordan R. Moon, Sarah E. Tobkin, Michael D. Roberts, Vincent J. Dalbo, Chad M. Kerksick, Michael G. Bemben, Joel T. Cramer, Jeffrey R. Stout

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Total body water (TBW) estimations have been used to estimate body composition, particularly fat-free mass, to aid in nutritional interventions, and to monitor hydration status. In the past, bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) devices have been used to estimate TBW. Previous investigations have examined the validity of the XiTRON 4000B (XiTRON Technologies) BIS device for estimating TBW. Recently, a new BIS device (Imp™ SFB7) has become available, claiming greater precision when estimating TBW. The Imp™ SFB7 (SFB7) is based on similar BIS principles, while offering increased portability and a greater range of frequencies when compared to older devices, such as the …

Evaluation Of A Nutrition Program Targeting Child Care Centers, Kendra Witt

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Color Me Healthy (CMH) is an interactive nutrition program designed for preschool aged children in child care settings. The current study examined if CMH increases the consumption of fruit and vegetables. Child care centers were randomly assigned to one of two conditions; children (n=165) in ten centers received CMH and children (n=98) in seven centers acted as controls. Consumption of fruit and vegetable snacks was assessed at baseline, one week post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention. Hierarchical linear modeling determined that group assignment was the only significant predictor of fruit and vegetable consumption. Children who were exposed to the CMH program …

Comparison Of Nutritional Intake Of Home School Children And Public School Children: A Comparison Study, Stephen D. Perry

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Purpose: To compare selected food /nutrient consumption between families that educate their children at home with those that educate their children in the public school system.

Methods: The study sample included 112 children aged 7-11 years in Fayette Co Kentucky. The children were divided into groups according type of education. There were 65 home-schooled children and 47 children who attend public school. Subjects recorded their dietary intake for one week. The data were analyzed using Nutrition Data Software for Research (2006). Comparisons were made for the intake of selected nutrients using two tailed independent sample t-tests.

Results: The public school …

Minimal Nutrition Intervention With High-Protein/Low-Carbohydrate And Low-Fat, Nutrient-Dense Food Supplement Improves Body Composition And Exercise Benefits In Overweight Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Christopher M. Lockwood, Jordan R. Moon, Sarah E. Tobkin, Ashley A. Walter, Abbie E. Smith, Vincent J. Dalbo, Joel T. Cramer, Jeffrey R. Stout

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Exercise and high-protein/reduced-carbohydrate and -fat diets have each been shown separately, or in combination with an energy-restricted diet to improve body composition and health in sedentary, overweight (BMI > 25) adults. The current study, instead, examined the physiological response to 10 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise (EX) versus exercise + minimal nutrition intervention designed to alter the macronutrient profile, in the absence of energy restriction, using a commercially available high-protein/low-carbohydrate and low-fat, nutrient-dense food supplement (EXFS); versus control (CON).

Methods: Thirty-eight previously sedentary, overweight subjects (female = 19; male = 19) were randomly assigned to either CON (n …

Pre-Workout Consumption Of Celsius® Enhances The Benefits Of Chronic Exercise On Body Composition And Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Jeffrey R. Stout, Jordan R. Moon, Sarah E. Tobkin, Christopher M. Lockwood, Abbie E. Smith, Jennifer L. Graef, Kristina L. Kendall, Travis W. Beck, Joel T. Cramer

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The functional beverage Celsius®, has recently been shown, after acute and chronic (28 days) consumption, to increase resting metabolism and serum blood markers of lipolysis in healthy, college-aged men and women. The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of a 10-week exercise program while consuming Celsius® on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness changes in sedentary men and women.

Beta-Alanine Supplementation And High-Intensity Interval Training Augments Metabolic Adaptations And Endurance Performance In College-Aged Men, Abbie E. Smith, Ashley A. Walter, Kristina L. Kendall, Jennifer L. Graef, Christopher M. Lockwood, Jordan R. Moon, Travis W. Beck, Joel T. Cramer, Jeffery R. Stout

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effects β-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on endurance performance.