Marine Biology Commons^™

Ecological History, Catastrophism, And Human Impact On The Mississippi/Alabama Continental Shelf And Associated Waters: A Review, Rezneat M. Darnell

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The Mississippi/Alabama continental shelf and associated coastal waters together form a complex ecological system of interrelated parts. The biological system of the area has become established during the period of sea level rise following the last continental glacial maximum about 18,000 years ago. Contemporary biological populations of the inshore waters are subject to episodic catastrophic events caused by exceptional cold fronts, flooding, major storms, hypoxia, red tide outbreaks, and major droughts. Most of these events are not known to affect the shelf populations directly, but indirect effects through food chain disruptions are likely. Loop Current intrusions and entrainment of deep …

Seasonal Phytoplankton Development Within Three Rivers In The Lower Chesapeake Bay Region, Harold G. Marshall, Lewis F. Affronti

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The seasonal and inter-annual concentrations of phytoplankton were studied over a 50 month period in the lower James, York and Rappahannock Rivers (USA). Differences in the onset, duration and magnitude of major seasonal growth periods varied from year to year. There was a tendency for spring, summer and fall maxima, with a winter period of reduced abundance. An additional study of picoplankton over a 12 month period indicated greatest abundance during summer and fall, with least development in winter.

Feeding Biology, Distribution, And Ecology Of Two Species Of Benthic Polychaetes: Paraonis Fulgens And Paraonis Pygoenigmatica (Polychaeta: Paraonidae), Gary R. Gaston, Jerry A. Mclelland, Richard W. Heard

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Paraonis fulgens and Paraonis pygoenigmatica inhabit sandy littoral and sublittoral sediments of the northem Gulf of Mexico and U.S. East Coast, but seldom overlap in distribution. The purpose of this study was to compare the feeding ecology and distribution of these species. We analyzed distributions and gut contents of Gulf of Mexico specimens and found that P. fulgens inhabited substrates with slightly more silt and clay than those inhabited by P. pygoenigmatica. Although Paraonis fulgens ingested more diatoms than P. pygoenigmatica, this distinction likely resulted from habitat differences, not selective feeding. Previous studies suggested that P. fulgens fed …

Closed System Culture Of Penaeus Vannamei, John T. Ogle, Jeffrey M. Lotz

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Penaeus vannamei were cultured utilizing three different closed recirculating seawater systems. The first system used biological filtration for water treatment. The second system utilized both physical and chemical filtration, but no biological filtration. The third system used a combination of biological, physical, and chemical filtration. Shrimp growth was monitored for a 12-week period for each system. Shrimp from the biological filtration system had a growth rate of 0.82 g/wk and an overall survival rate of 45.6%. Shrimp from the closed system which used physical and chemical filtration had a growth rate of 0.99 g/wk and a survival rate of 29.2%. …

A Note On The Fine Structure Of Myoskeletal Junctions In Acartia Tonsa Dana (Copepoda, Calanoida), Harold D. Howse, William E. Hawkins, Harriet Perry

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The endoskeleton of the calanoid copepod, Calanus finmarchicus, and its muscle attachments were described by Lowe (1935). She reported that the endoskeleton in C. finmarchicus consists of two tendinous endosternites and chitinous exoskeletal ingrowths to which muscles are attached. Howse (1960) noted attachments of the main muscles of the thorax to the exoskeleton in Acartia tonsa.

Bouligand (1962) described the ultrastructure of muscle attachments to cuticle in three species of freshwater copepods of the genus Cyclops. Raymont et al. (1974) described the fine structure of muscle attachments to cuticle in C. finmarchicus.

Information of the …

Effects Of Salinity On Survival And Growth Of Postlarval Penaeus Vannamei, John T. Ogle, Kathy Beaugez, Jeffrey M. Lotz

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Eight and 22-day-old Penaeus vannamei postlarvae were exposed to several salinities for 24 hours and 120 hours by direct transfer from 32 ppt salinity to lower salinity waters. The challenge study included six experiments conducted on 8-day-old postlarvae (PL-8) and five experiments conducted on 22-day-old postlarvae (PL-22). Each experiment consisted of ten replicates of ten animals each. Shrimp were held in 1 L plastic containers with 500-ml of seawater. Lowered salinity resulted in lower survival for shrimp of both ages. Longer exposure time resulted in lower survival for shrimp of both ages. Younger shrimp exhibited lower survival than older shrimp. …

El Día Del Delfín, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Situación De La Conservación De Cetáceos En Venezuela, Aldemaro Romero Jr., A. Ignacio Agudo

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Situación De La Conservación De Cetáceos En Venezuela (2nd Ed), Aldemaro Romero Jr., A. Ignacio Agudo

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Spiny Lobster Recruitment In South Florida: Quantitative Experiments And Management Implications, Mark J. Butler Iv, William F. Herrnkind

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Understanding recruitment and identifying factors critical to that process are imperative if adult spiny lobster Panulirus argus stocks are to be conserved and properly managed. The goal of our research has been to obtain ecological information linking inshore postlarval spiny lobster recruitment to later life stages, thereby providing the basic framework for assessing and predicting adult stock. Since 1983, we have investigated various aspects of spiny lobster recruitment including: postlarval time-to-metamorphosis, postlarval/juvenile habitat selection and selection cues, postlarval/juvenile crypticity and susceptibility to predation, juvenile food preference and emigration, juvenile sociality, and the effect of habitat degradation (i.e., siltration) on postlarval/juvenile …

Long-Term Adult Population Fluctuations And Distribution Of The Spot, Leiostomus Xanthurus, In Mississippi, Brian D. Leblanc, Deborah L. Murphy, Robin M. Overstreet, Michael J. Maceina

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Adult specimens of the spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, were collected from bayou, Mississippi Sound, and barrier island locations along the Gulf Coast of Mississippi from November 1982 to July 1989. The mean total length of all spot sampled in comparable gill net sets was 219 mm (± 14 standard deviation, n=4,338). Ninety-five percent of the spot were collected in the island and sound areas, where the salinity was higher than in the bayous. Catch per unit effort was high at island and sound stations in spring and autumn, with relatively few fish caught during the winter spawning season and summer. …

Variability In Growth Of Postlarval Penaeus Vannamei, John T. Ogle

Gulf and Caribbean Research

This note reports the average size of Penaeus vannamei postlarvae held under a variety of conditions for approximately 30 days. Fifteen separate and independent rearing trials were completed over several seasons. Extreme growth variations were noted, with significant differences existing in eight of the 26 replicates. Significant differences were noted for treatments in seven of the 12 studies. Shrimp ranged in size from an average of 0.01 to 3.08 g after a month of culture.

The Effect Of Salinity On Spawning Frequency Of Penaeus Setiferus In Aquaria, John T. Ogle

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Penaeus setiferus were matured and spawned in a small 120L tank system in the absence of males. No significant differences in the number of shrimp that spawned or the time required to spawn were detected for shrimp held at salinities of 20, 25 or 30 ppt in either natural or artificial seawater. The earliest that spawning occurred was an average of 17 days past ablation and as late as 28 days past ablation. None of the shrimp held in artificial seawater at 20 and 25 ppt spawned in the same molt cycle in which they were ablated, while one third …

Isopods Of The Genus Excorallana Stebbing, 1904 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Corallanidae) From The East Coast Of Mexico With A Supplemental Description Of E. Subtilis, Antonio Cantu-Diaz Barriga, Elva Escobar Briones

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Eight species of Excorallana, E. acuticauda, E. delaneyi, E. oculata, E. sexticornis, E. subtilis, E. tricornis tricornis, E. warmingii, and Excorallana sp. are recorded for the eastern coast of Mexico. The range of E. delaneyi is extended south in the Gulf of Mexico. Excorallana oculata and E. subtiIis are reported for the first time in the Gulf. Based on specimens from the east coast of Mexico, a supplemental description of E. subtilis is presented and its taxonomy to other closely related species discussed. A key is provided to the adult males of …

Molecular And Physiological Responses Of Diatoms To Variable Levels Of Irradiance And Nitrogen Availability: Growth Of Skeletonema Costatum In Simulated Upwelling Conditions, G. Jason Smith, Richard C. Zimmerman, Randall S. Alberte

OES Faculty Publications

Molecular mechanisms that drive metabolic acclimation to environmental shifts have been poorly characterized in phytoplankton. In this laboratory study. the response of light- and N-limited Skeletonema costatum cells to an increase in light and NO₃ availability was examined. C assimilation was depressed relative to N assimilation early in enrichment, and the photosynthetic quotient (O₂: CO₂) increased, consistent with the shunting of reducing equivalents from CO₂ fixation to NO₃- reduction. The concomitant increase in dark respiration was consistent with the increased energetic demand associated with macromolecular synthesis. The accelerations of N-specific rates of …

Port Everglades Macroinvertebrate Monitoring: Monitoring Of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages At The Southport Turning Basin And Adjacent Areas Of John U. Lloyd State Recreation Area: August 1991, Charles G. Messing, Richard E. Dodge, Alan Sosnow

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

This report documents the August 1991 monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Port Everglades Southport turning basin vicinity and adjacent areas of John U. Lloyd State Recreation Area. This is the first monitoring effort of the series carried out by Nova University Oceanographic Center. As of this sampling period, the turning basin is complete and in operation; mitigation areas in John U. Lloyd Park exhibit considerable vegetative expansion of cord grass, growth of mangrove seedlings, and natural recruitment of additional mangrove propagules (including black and white mangroves).

Sampling was carried out during the last week of August and extended …

An Analysis Of The 20-Year Use Of A Deep Broward County Lime-Rock Pit As A Natural Advanced Wastewater Treatment And Groundwater Recycling Facility, With A Recommendation That: With The Large Number Of Similar Lime-Rock Pits In Southeast Florida, The Opportunity For Expanding The Benefits Of Such Inland Wastewater Retention Should Be Given Serious Consideration Instead Of Wastefully Discharging The Water Into The Ocean., Curtis M. Burney, Bart J. Baca, Gary S. Kleppel, George H. Snyder, Raymond F. Mcallister, Michael T. Hermesmeyer, Ben H. Chen, Bill Raymond, Charles R. Forman

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

The benefits of the inland retention of freshwaters in South Florida are indisputable. During periods of prolonged drought, the maintenance of a higher groundwater table, which benefits terrestrial vegetation and retards saltwater intrusion, is clearly preferable to the alternative of discharging up to 400,000 gallons of freshwater per day into the ocean.

Therefore, the only objections to the retention of treated sewage effluent in an inland lime-rock pit, with the physical, chemical and biologic characteristics of our pits, would have to do with possible detrimental effects to public health or the environment. The major public health concern involves the possible …

Population Ecology Of Polydora Ligni (Polychaeta: Spionidae). I. Seasonal Variation In Population Characteristics And Reproductive Activity, Roman Zajac

Biology and Environmental Science Faculty Publications

A population of the polychaete Polydora ligni Webster was studied during 1982 and 1983 in Alewife Cove, Connecticut, USA, to determine seasonal changes in population characteristics. During early spring (March and April), the population was comprised of primarily large adults that had over-wintered. Females in this group exhibited the highest mean individual fecundity over the year (> 2000 larvae per brood). However, total larval production at this time was low (5200 to 208 000 larvae m^-2 per 14 d) due to low densities of adults. Population density increased slowly during spring as juveniles produced by overwintering adults recruited into …

Population Ecology Of Polydora Ligni (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Ii. Seasonal Demographic Variation And Its Potential Impact On Life History Evolution, Roman Zajac

Biology and Environmental Science Faculty Publications

Seasonal demographic variation was studied in an estuarine population of the opportunistic polychaete Polydora ligni between May 1982 and November 1983 in Alewife Cove, Connecticut, USA. The demography of 15 cohorts settling during this period was analyzed using life cycle graph models. Cohorts settling in spring and early summer had the shortest life spans (≈ 10 wk); highest survivorship over all life cycle stages and adult females produced an estimated maximum of 6 larval broods. Early adult stages contributed most to population growth during this period, and the potential for population growth, λ, was the highest during the study. Late …

Variation In A Host-Epiphyte Relationship Along A Wave Exposure Gradient, Phillip S. Levin, Arthur C. Mathieson

New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station Publications

The red alga Polysiphonia lanosa (L ) Tandy is an obligate epiphyte that primarily occurs on the fucoid brown algal basiphyte Ascophyllum nodosum (L) Le Jolis In the present study we examine how epiphytic interactions between P lanosa and A nodosum vary along a wave exposure gradient within the southern Gulf of Maine, USA P lanosa was most dense on protected shores, however because the stature of P lanosa was greater on exposed than on sheltered shores, greater biomass occurred In exposed habitats Epiphytlc P lanosa pnmanly attached to inlured vegetative bssue at exposed sites, while ~ t osc currence …

The Phytoplankton Bloom In The Northwestern Arabian Sea During The Southwest Monsoon Of 1979, John C. Brock, Charles R. Mcclain, Mark E. Luther, William W. Hay

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The biological variability of the northwestern Arabian Sea during the 1979 southwest monsoon has been investigated by the synthesis of satellite ocean color remote sensing with analysis of in situ hydrographic and meteorological data sets and the results of wind-driven modeling of upper ocean circulation. The phytoplankton bloom in the northwestern Arabian Sea peaked during August-September, extended from the Oman coast to about 65-degrees-E, and lagged the development of open-sea upwelling by at least 1 month. In total, the pigment distributions, hydrographic data, and model results all suggest that the bloom was driven by spatially distinct upward nutrient fluxes to …

Reflectance Model For Quantifying Chlorophyll-A In The Presence Of Productivity Degradation Products, Kendall L. Carder, S. K. Hawes, K. A. Baker, R. C. Smith, R. G. Steward, B. G. Mitchell

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Marine colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) (also gilvin or yellow substance) absorbs light at an exponentially decreasing rate as a function of wavelength. From 410 nm to about 640 nm, particulate phytoplankton degradation products including pheopigments, detritus, and bacteria have absorption curves that are similar in shape to that of CDOM. In coastal areas and areas downstream from upwelling regions, these constituents of seawater often absorb much more light than do living phytoplankton, leading to errors in satellite-derived chlorophyll estimates as high as 133%. Proposed NASA sensors for the 1990s will have spectral channels as low as 412 nm, permitting …

Museum Notes, Eugene G. Maurakis

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Provenance And Disposition Of Fish Specimens Appearing In Color Plates Of Kuehne And Barbour's Book, The American Darters, Carter R. Gilbert, Stephen J. Walsh

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Number 24 (November 1991), Southern Fishes Council

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

(November 1991) - Fishes of the Sucarnoochee River System Alabama and Mississippi. By W.D. Hubbard, et al., 11 pp.

Provenance and Disposition of Fish Specimens Appearing in Color Plates of Kuehne and A. Barbour's Book, The American Darters. By C.R. Gilbert and S.J. Walsh, 8 pp. Museum Notes by E.G. Maurakis, 1 pp.

Fishes Of The Sucarnoochee River System, Alabama And Mississippi, Walter D. Hubbard, Charles E. Tucker, Herbert Boschung

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

No abstract provided.

15N/14N And 13C/12C In Weddell Sea Invertebrates: Implications For Feeding Diversity, Greg H. Rau, Thomas L. Hopkins, Joseph J. Torres

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Biomass delta-C-13, delta-N-15, and C/N were measured for each of 29 taxa of pelagic invertebrates sampled from the Weddell Sea in March 1986. The delta-C-13 values of these animals ranged from -33.2 to -23.9 parts per thousand, and a significant negative logarithmic relationship was observed between these values and biomass C/N. This implies that the relative proportion of carbon-rich C-13-depleted lipid in these animals significantly influenced the delta-C-13 of their bulk biomass. No such relationship with C/N is evident with respect to biomass delta-N-15 where values ranged from -1.2 to +7.3 parts per thousand. This spread of values reflects a …

Number 22 (October 1990), Southern Fishes Council

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

(October 1990) - Fishes of Springs and Spring-fed creeks of Calhoun County Alabama. By D.R. Sizemore and W.M. Howell, 6 pp.

Pebble-nests of Four Semotilus Species. By W.F. Maurakis, et al., 7 pp.

Evidence for a Genetically Unique Walleye Population in the Upper Tombigbee River System of Northeastern Mississippi. By B.R. Murphy, 3 pp.

Department Of Fisheries Annual Report 1990/91, Department Of Fisheries, Western Australia

Department of Fisheries Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

A Laboratory Study Of Predation On The Trinidadian Guppy, Poecilia Reticulata, By Two Natural Piscine Predators: Effects Of Predator Size, Prey Size, And Habitat Complexity, Hayden Thomas Mattingly

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Test populations of different-sized guppies, Poecilia reticulata, were exposed to individuals of two natural predatory species, the pike cichlid Crenicichla a/ta and the killifish Rivulus harti, under conditions of varying prey (guppy) density and habitat complexity in the laboratory. Rivulus fed most frequently on newborn and juvenile guppies < 14 mm. Crenicichla consumed more and larger guppies than did Rivulus. The mean guppy size eaten by Crenicichla was dependent on the length of the individual predator, but as a group, the 15 Crenicichla tested were non-selective with respect to guppy size and gender. The prey gender preference of Rivulus could not he determined …