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Articles 1 - 30 of 56
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
Development Of The Core Lit Apparatus For Seaweed Hatcheries (Clash) Bioreactor Using A Germplasm Approach, Phillip O. Tahimic
Development Of The Core Lit Apparatus For Seaweed Hatcheries (Clash) Bioreactor Using A Germplasm Approach, Phillip O. Tahimic
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
In comparison to the Asian aquaculture industry, the United States has minimal seaweed production. There are several drivers of the limited industry in the US, such as regulatory constraints and limited market demand, but the ability to scale is a considerable barrier to commercialization. One possible solution is the development of land-based systems that integrate bioreactors, which utilize fewer resources and do not wholly rely on an oceanic flow-through system. This study assessed the application of a modular bioreactor, known as Core Lit Apparatus for Seaweed Hatcheries (CLASH), as a nursery system and open-source project designed to expand land-based seaweed …
Geographic Variation In Proteomic Responses To Ocean Acidification In A Cold-Water Coral (Balanophyllia Elegans), Keana A. Richmond
Geographic Variation In Proteomic Responses To Ocean Acidification In A Cold-Water Coral (Balanophyllia Elegans), Keana A. Richmond
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
In the face of a rapidly changing climate, assessing organismal responses to future stressors in the context of current, natural exposure to stress could provide key insights to understanding marine ecosystem resilience. I used Balanophyllia elegans, a cold-water, solitary, azooxanthellate coral as a model to better understand how varying oceanographic conditions across its geographic range have shaped its ability to tolerate and potentially adapt to current and future ocean acidification conditions. I collected B. elegans individuals from four sites across 2,500km of their range and subjected them to two pH treatments to investigate site-specific protein expression in response to …
Investigating The Refugial River Mouth Hypothesis: Assessing The Effects Of Low Salinity Conditions On The Microscopic Life Stages Of Nereocystis Luetkeana, Duncan Jackson
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Populations of Nereocystis luetkeana (bull kelp) have experienced localized extinction events in northern California since 2014 due to multiple stressor events, including the area’s most severe marine heatwave (MHW) to-date. Previous surveys in the region observed that bull kelp recovered and persisted at river mouths following the 2014-2015 MHW, suggesting that river mouths may serve as refugia – the refugial river mouth hypothesis. My study aimed to assess this hypothesis and the long-term stability of these refugia by studying how freshwater influences communities at these sites and bull kelp recruitment. Field surveys of salinity fluctuation and kelp and sea urchin …
A Review Of Contact Dependent Interactions Among Encrusting Bryozoans, Sheena Emily Stephens-Norton
A Review Of Contact Dependent Interactions Among Encrusting Bryozoans, Sheena Emily Stephens-Norton
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
This review of published literature is focused on bryozoan interactions and discusses overgrowths, “stalemates,” erect bi-laminate growths and fusions. Overgrowths, where one colony grows zooids atop another, have received the most attention in the scientific literature. Stalemates, where two colonies cease growth at the region of contact, have received relatively little research investigating the possible reasons for its occurrence. Erect, bi-laminate growth, following inter- and/or intraspecific contact between colonies, has also received little research, but could reflect mutualistic behavior of encrusting species to increase feeding and reproduction. Fusion of self-self-contacts appears common, yet non-self-fusions to form natural chimeras may also …
Benthic Community Structure Changes In Northern California Following A Marine Heatwave, Franklin D. Moitoza
Benthic Community Structure Changes In Northern California Following A Marine Heatwave, Franklin D. Moitoza
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
In 2014, an unprecedented ecosystem shift impacted the rocky reef communities of northern coastal California following a rapid succession of severe disturbance events. Rocky reef communities shifted from kelp forests to large scale urchin barrens due to the demise of the sunflower sea star (Pycnopodia helianthoides), an unprecedented marine heatwave event (MHW) and increased purple sea urchin densities. This “perfect storm” caused a decrease in benthic species richness and led to a change in community structure due to intense sea urchin grazing. Here I examine the richness of the benthic community across four survey sites over an 8-year time …
Associational Seaweed Defense Reduces Sea Urchin Grazing On Bull Kelp: Potential Use In Restoration, Brayden Tate Wiley
Associational Seaweed Defense Reduces Sea Urchin Grazing On Bull Kelp: Potential Use In Restoration, Brayden Tate Wiley
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Kelp forests are declining globally under warming seas, altered predator–prey dynamics, and intensified herbivory, with sea urchins often driving shifts from canopy-dominated forests to persistent urchin barrens. Management commonly relies on labor-intensive urchin removals, with variable success, underscoring the need for complementary, ecosystem-based tools that directly reduce urchin grazing pressure. Focusing on far northern California kelp forests, we combined subtidal surveys, field experiments, and laboratory feeding assays to assess whether the understory alga Desmarestia cf. herbacea can provide associational defense for bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) by physically deterring purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) grazing and offering low …
Using Environmental Dna Metabarcoding To Investigate Diversity And Seasonal Variation Of Fishes In Humboldt Bay, California, Johnathon M. Richardson
Using Environmental Dna Metabarcoding To Investigate Diversity And Seasonal Variation Of Fishes In Humboldt Bay, California, Johnathon M. Richardson
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
This study applied environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to characterize fish diversity and temporal patterns in fish assemblage structure within Humboldt Bay, California. This work advances ecological understanding of Humboldt Bay’s ichthyofauna, regional natural history and ecosystem function. Over one year (February 2023–January 2024), triplicate surface-water samples were collected every two weeks from a fixed site in Humboldt Bay (n = 78). DNA was extracted from filters and amplified using MiFish 12S primers in six replicate PCRs per sample. Amplicon concentrations were normalized, pooled and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform (2×150 bp). Sequences were processed using a custom bioinformatics pipeline, …
An Economic And Production Analysis Of Seaweed Farms In California And The Pacific Northwest, Brian Donovan
An Economic And Production Analysis Of Seaweed Farms In California And The Pacific Northwest, Brian Donovan
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Since the early 2010s, the seaweed aquaculture industry has steadily expanded in the United States, with states like Alaska, Maine, Hawaii, and Connecticut leading the way in the development of this emerging sector. However, information gaps remain concerning certain aspects of the domestic seaweed aquaculture industry. The purpose of this study was to examine the status of the seaweed aquaculture industry along the West Coast of the United States; specifically in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. Seaweed farmers in these states were invited to voluntarily complete surveys asking important production, economic, and commercial questions regarding their operations. Data …
Cultivation Of Winged Kelp (Alaria Marginata) In Humboldt Bay, Evan C. Simpson
Cultivation Of Winged Kelp (Alaria Marginata) In Humboldt Bay, Evan C. Simpson
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
The cultivation potential of the winged kelp (Alaria marginata) was evaluated in Humboldt Bay, California, to further develop sustainable aquaculture in the region. Seasonality, depth, and system design were evaluated in regard to harvest biomass and quality. Results suggested that single-longline configurations at shallow depths (< 2 m) produced greater total biomass than a multi-longline system, suggesting enhanced water flow and reduced self-shading improved growth. Kelp grew best with a winter outplanting period (December-April), most likely due to environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, nutrients, and salinity) being within the kelp’s tolerable range, with as much as 2.24 kg/meter of kelp being harvested. These findings demonstrate that while the estuarine system has more variable conditions than predicted, A. marginata can be successfully cultivated in Humboldt Bay and highlight its potential as a viable crop for northern California’s emerging seaweed industry. Future work targeting the optimization of single-longline design and deployment timing may further improve yield and support regional goals for sustainable aquaculture and food security.
A Porpoise-Driven Approach: Using Agent-Based Models To Predict Population Consequences Of Offshore Wind Noises On Gulf Of Maine Harbor Porpoises, Ben Greenberg Pridonoff
A Porpoise-Driven Approach: Using Agent-Based Models To Predict Population Consequences Of Offshore Wind Noises On Gulf Of Maine Harbor Porpoises, Ben Greenberg Pridonoff
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Marine mammals are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic noises, including from offshore wind activities, necessitating the development and refinement of tools to predict the effects of noise on their populations. Agent-based models (ABMs) are an effective tool that can simulate realistic movements and behaviors of animals to quantify population consequences of disturbance. In this study, I used the Europe-based ABM ‘DEPONS’ to (1) evaluate its effectiveness in a new environment, the Gulf of Maine, USA/Bay of Fundy, Canada, and (2) develop estimates of the population dynamics of local harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) interacting with expected noises from proposed floating …
Accelerated Aging System For Pinniped Tags, Sean Shermer, Nathan Vasquez, Deekshitha Garige
Accelerated Aging System For Pinniped Tags, Sean Shermer, Nathan Vasquez, Deekshitha Garige
Undergraduate Scholarship
This project focused on the design of an accelerated aging system intended to evaluate the durability of pinniped identification tags used in marine mammal research. The system was developed in collaboration with the Cal Poly Humboldt Marine Lab and NOAA, under the guidance of Dr. Dawn Goley, to address the limitations of field based durability testing, which is slow, inconsistent, and difficult to reproduce. The primary objective was to create a repeatable laboratory testing framework capable of simulating multiple environmental stressors experienced by pinniped tags. This includes the accelerated tests of UV radiation, mechanical abrasion, temperature cycling and biological fouling. …
Novel Microbiological Medium Developed For The Isolation Of Bacteria Associated With Estuarine Anemones, Parker K. Lund, Catalina Cuellar-Gempeler
Novel Microbiological Medium Developed For The Isolation Of Bacteria Associated With Estuarine Anemones, Parker K. Lund, Catalina Cuellar-Gempeler
IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt
Out of the nearly one trillion species of microbiota estimated to inhabit Earth only ten thousand have been cultured in the laboratory. Culturing continues to play a vital role in determining the physiology and ecologic function of individual bacteria in microbial communities and for microbes associated with host organisms one of the major challenges is developing microbiological media that mimics the bacteria’s natural environment enough to promote growth. Here, we target bacteria associated with the estuary anemones Diadumene lineata and Metridium senile by developing a novel medium that uses anemone tissue as the sole source of nutrients. We further measured …
Characterizing The Habitat Use Of Pacific Coast Feeding Group Gray Whales (Eschrichtius Robustus) And The Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Their Benthic And Planktonic Invertebrate Prey In Northern California, Robyn E. Norman
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
As opportunistic foragers, the Eastern North Pacific population (~20,000) of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) feed on diverse benthic and planktonic invertebrates in northern Alaska foraging grounds before they undertake one of the largest yearly migrations of any mammal to breed in Baja California, Mexico. While most of the population travels to the summer foraging grounds in Alaska, a sub-group of whales (~230) called the Pacific Coast Feeding Group (PCFG) summer between British Columbia, Canada, and northern California. The diet of PCFG whales typically includes high-density and/or high-caloric prey items like mysids and diverse species of amphipods, yet a …
Using Biological Parameters And Traditional Ecological Knowledge To Study The Status Of Spirinchus Starksi (Night Smelt) In Northern California, Z. Zenobia
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Night smelt spawns from central California to southeast Alaska, on the shore of sandy beach surf zones at night. This species is a vital part of regional food webs and, in California, is fished commercially primarily in Humboldt and Del Norte counties. It has cultural importance for dietary and subsistence needs to the Tribes across the coast, as well as inland. The objectives of this thesis are as follow: study the status of the population of night smelt in Humboldt and Del Norte counties by (A) comparing the abundance, length, weight, age, sex ratio, and timing of reproduction of the …
Assessing The Effects Of Remaining Northern California Kelp Forest Mesopredators On Purple Sea Urchin Abundance, Distribution, And Feeding Activity, Sandra E. Traverso
Assessing The Effects Of Remaining Northern California Kelp Forest Mesopredators On Purple Sea Urchin Abundance, Distribution, And Feeding Activity, Sandra E. Traverso
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Kelp forests are threatened by regional abiotic and biotic stressors, including overgrazing by sea urchins. On the north coast of California, purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) are prolific grazers of kelp and with the regional extinction of their main predator (sunflower stars, Pycnopodia helianthoides), it is unknown whether any remaining mesopredators could exert top-down control of purple urchin populations. Other known predators of purple urchins in northern California include rock crabs, which have been shown to control sea urchin populations in Atlantic urchin barrens and indirectly cause phase shifts back to kelp forests. Yet, little is known …
Studying Redtail And Silver Surfperch In Sandy Beach Surf Zones With Mpas In Humboldt County, California, Usa, Noah G. Angell
Studying Redtail And Silver Surfperch In Sandy Beach Surf Zones With Mpas In Humboldt County, California, Usa, Noah G. Angell
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
The sandy beach surf zone (SBSZ) represents an ecologically, economically, and culturally important marine habitat around the world. Despite its significance, the SBSZ has been historically underrepresented in marine and coastal ecology research. This in turn has caused many inshore marine species that prefer this habitat to be largely ignored. Two particular species, the Redtail surfperch Amphistichus rhodoterus and the Silver surfperch Hyperprosopon ellipticum, have not been well studied in the PNW region . There are merely three studies conducted on the Redtail surfperch in the Pacific Northwest region and the Silver surfperch has received even less research attention with …
Temperature Driven Variability In Bull Kelp (Nereocystis Luetkeana) Early Life Stages: A Comparative Study Of California Populations, Marzia Fattori
Temperature Driven Variability In Bull Kelp (Nereocystis Luetkeana) Early Life Stages: A Comparative Study Of California Populations, Marzia Fattori
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
This study investigated the effects of elevated temperatures on the reproductive and developmental stages of Nereocystis luetkeana, a crucial brown macroalgae found along the western coast of North America. My objectives were to 1) evaluate the impact of increasing temperature on the abundance of gametophytes from various sites, 2) determine the length of gametophytes that were affected by temperature on day 10 of culture, 3) assess the presence or absence of oocytes, sporophytes (young vs. multicellular), and abnormal cells, to understand the reproductive and stress responses to higher temperatures, and 4) determine if there is variation among early developmental …
Effect Of In Situ Experimental Heating Of Artificial Mytilus Californianus Beds On Associated Invertebrate Communities In Northern California, Claire C. Windecker
Effect Of In Situ Experimental Heating Of Artificial Mytilus Californianus Beds On Associated Invertebrate Communities In Northern California, Claire C. Windecker
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
With the continued progression of climate change, the role of foundation species as mediators of temperature stress for species living on and within them has become increasingly important. In the intertidal zone, a major foundation species is the California mussel, Mytilus californianus, which can help to limit thermal stress for species that live among aggregations of these mussels. The ability of mussels to limit thermal stress as temperatures increase, however, is still unclear. This study sought to experimentally manipulate surface temperatures of artificial mussel beds in situ to examine the effects that increased surface heating at a single site …
Inferring Exposure To Harmful Pseudo-Nitzschia Blooms From Ocean-To-Estuary Gradients In Domoic Acid Concentrations In Humboldt Bay Bivalves, Natasha Hope Ficzycz Winnacott
Inferring Exposure To Harmful Pseudo-Nitzschia Blooms From Ocean-To-Estuary Gradients In Domoic Acid Concentrations In Humboldt Bay Bivalves, Natasha Hope Ficzycz Winnacott
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) result from outbreaks of any of several different species of toxin-producing phytoplankton and that can have major detrimental effects on marine ecosystems and pose severe health and economic threats to human communities. Of particular concern along the United States West Coast are HABs of pennate diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia that produce the potent neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). The coastal ocean between Cape Mendocino, CA, and Cape Blanco, OR is a hotspot for Pseudo-nitzschia spp. HABs. Such blooms impact coastal fisheries and pose a potential threat to aquaculture operations in Humboldt Bay, California’s second largest estuary and largest …
Host-Microbe Interactions In Non-Native Estuarine Anemones: Biogeography And Temperature, Parker K. Lund
Host-Microbe Interactions In Non-Native Estuarine Anemones: Biogeography And Temperature, Parker K. Lund
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Non-native species are increasing in prevalence around the world, resulting in negative economic and ecological impacts. However, the broad distributions of non-native species also offer a system for investigating the response of host-associated microbial communities to environmental factors across a range of ecological scales. At the broadest scale, I investigated the geography of microbial communities in the non-native estuarine anemone Diadumene lineata on the west coast of the United States of America. Across latitudes, microbial community composition was very similar and displayed a high percentage of Klebsiella spp. at all sites. However, the communities in California tended to exhibit higher …
Are Biodiverse Communities More Resistant To Invasion? A Case Study With Marine Fouling Communities, Taylor Robert Bruntil
Are Biodiverse Communities More Resistant To Invasion? A Case Study With Marine Fouling Communities, Taylor Robert Bruntil
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
The theory of biotic resistance predicts that more diverse communities should be less susceptible to invasion by novel species, but given the opposing results of multiple observational and experimental studies in marine systems, it is unclear how changes in environmental conditions can affect invasion success in communities that differ in diversity. I used marine fouling communities to test how the diversity of the species present in an initial community (hereafter termed “resident species”) affected the establishment and growth of all species not present in the initial communities (hereafter termed “novel species”) at two locations at the Eureka Public Marina, in …
Community Ecology And Disease Dynamics In Pacific Oysters: Unraveling Microbiome-Pathogen Interactions In The Wild, Victoria E. Cifelli
Community Ecology And Disease Dynamics In Pacific Oysters: Unraveling Microbiome-Pathogen Interactions In The Wild, Victoria E. Cifelli
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
In the context of multispecies microbial assemblages, disruptions can occur when there are alterations in host conditions, such as the onset of a disease. Notably, viruses have the potential to reshape a host's microbial community. However, the role of the host's habitat and environment, which could be pivotal in communities with shifting niche space and habitat filters, is often overlooked in host-microbe-pathogen interactions. Recognizing the importance of these factors, I employed a field-based approach to understand microbial community dynamics in the presence of disease. To address the influence of geographical location, I conducted an analysis involving healthy and infected oysters …
Effects Of Ph, Eelgrass, And Settlement Substrate On The Growth Of Juvenile Magallana (Crassostrea) Gigas, A Commercially Important Oyster Species, Johnny S. Roche
Effects Of Ph, Eelgrass, And Settlement Substrate On The Growth Of Juvenile Magallana (Crassostrea) Gigas, A Commercially Important Oyster Species, Johnny S. Roche
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Worsening ocean acidification (OA), resulting from ongoing absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by the oceans, threatens marine life globally. Calcifying organisms, especially their early life stages, are particularly vulnerable; this includes the economically important Pacific oyster, Magallana (Crassostrea) gigas. Uptake of dissolved CO2 through photosynthesis by seagrasses, like eelgrass (Zostera marina), may benefit calcifying organisms by increasing pH and carbonate availability. I conducted laboratory and field experiments to quantify carbonate chemistry modification by eelgrass and potential mitigation of OA impacts on growth in juvenile Pacific oysters. In the laboratory experiment, daytime …
Diversity And Distribution Of Bryozoans Of The Northern To Central Rocky Outer Coast Of California, Ismael Chowdhury
Diversity And Distribution Of Bryozoans Of The Northern To Central Rocky Outer Coast Of California, Ismael Chowdhury
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
The phylum Bryozoa is one of the most diverse groups of marine invertebrates, with a global distribution that spans marine and fresh waters. This study analyzes the Bryozoa in infralittoral communities on rocky surfaces from northern California (Point Saint George) to central California (Estero Bay), spanning 940 kilometers and encompassing 12 rocky intertidal sites. Although recent studies on bryozoan taxonomy and phylogeny have increased due to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high throughput sequencing, there is still a lack of studies on species found in shallow waters at intertidal depths, particularly in the northeastern Pacific. This study aims to expand …
Effects Of Oyster Aquaculture On Elasmobranch Abundance And Habitat Use In Humboldt Bay, Ca, Rose Harman
Effects Of Oyster Aquaculture On Elasmobranch Abundance And Habitat Use In Humboldt Bay, Ca, Rose Harman
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Habitat modification from aquaculture can have large effects on natural communities, with the habitat complexity provided by aquaculture structure positively influencing benthic invertebrates and small fish abundance. However, the effects of aquaculture on larger predatory fish like elasmobranchs (i.e., sharks and rays), which use nearshore habitat to forage and provide top-down control of these ecosystems, is largely unknown. Over two years, I deployed baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVS) to examine the effects of oyster aquaculture and environmental variables such as habitat (mudflat or eelgrass), salinity (ppt), turbidity (m), temperature (°C), pH (mV), dissolved oxygen (mg · L-1), …
Concentration Of Heavy Metals In Three Distinct Algae Families From Humboldt County, California, Kodiak E. Miller, Caleb J. Strait, Jacob I. Begorre, Brittney L. Mitchell, Claire P. Till
Concentration Of Heavy Metals In Three Distinct Algae Families From Humboldt County, California, Kodiak E. Miller, Caleb J. Strait, Jacob I. Begorre, Brittney L. Mitchell, Claire P. Till
IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt
Anthropogenic impacts on marine environments can impact metal fluxes and concentrations available to marine species. Monitoring these impacts is necessary to better understand the interactions between the biotic and abiotic components of these ecosystems and mitigate the risk posed by harmful toxins introduced by human activities. Biomoniters, like macroscopic algae, are useful indicators that illuminate the bioaccumulation of toxins commonly introduced from anthropogenic activity. With this in mind, the concentrations of heavy metals zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) were analyzed via the assessment of algae (Representatives from Ulva, Mastocarpus, Fucus) in two sites in Humboldt County: …
List Of Fish Species Present In Galápagos, Ecuador, And California, U.S.A., With Notes On Their Commercial Importance And Conservation Status, Erin J. Hanson, Jose R. Marin Jarrin
List Of Fish Species Present In Galápagos, Ecuador, And California, U.S.A., With Notes On Their Commercial Importance And Conservation Status, Erin J. Hanson, Jose R. Marin Jarrin
IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt
No abstract provided.
Variation In Coastal Macroinvertebrate Species Diversity On Intertidal Boulders In Trinidad, California., Louis Antonelli, Alexandra Winkler, Theron Taylor, Natalie Greenleaf
Variation In Coastal Macroinvertebrate Species Diversity On Intertidal Boulders In Trinidad, California., Louis Antonelli, Alexandra Winkler, Theron Taylor, Natalie Greenleaf
IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt
Coastal environments of Humboldt County provide an optimal habitat for a diversity of macroinvertebrates. This study’s focus is to determine the differences in diversity of coastal macroinvertebrate (CM) species on intertidal boulders. Eleven CM species were visually counted within a one-square-meter quadrat along two height strata of five intertidal boulders. Based upon the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, diversity was measured between the CM species in the lower region (0-1 meter from base of boulder) and the upper region (1-2 meters from base of boulder). The resulting data showed the lower regions of the boulders had a higher average diversity rating, as …
Variation Of Larval Traits And Copper Tolerance In An Invasive Cryptic Species Complex (Watersipora: Bryozoa), Jason A. Lopiccolo
Variation Of Larval Traits And Copper Tolerance In An Invasive Cryptic Species Complex (Watersipora: Bryozoa), Jason A. Lopiccolo
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Many factors contribute to the potential of a non-indigenous species to invade an area and become established. For bryozoan colonies of the cryptic species complex Watersipora (Neviani, 1896), this may include larval characteristics such as settlement rate, competency of metamorphosis, swimming duration, and the ability to tolerate copper, a common component in marine anti-fouling paints. Two common groups of Watersipora that occur along the California coast are W. subatra Clade A and an undescribed new species, Clade N. The goal of this research work was to discover what differences, if any, exist in the larval traits and copper tolerances of …
Phylogenetic And Geographic Relationships Of Cheilostome Bryozoans In The Eastern Pacific, Hannah E. Lee
Phylogenetic And Geographic Relationships Of Cheilostome Bryozoans In The Eastern Pacific, Hannah E. Lee
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
The phylum Bryozoa is an incredibly diverse group of marine invertebrates with a widespread global distribution that is well suited for evolutionary studies but whose phylogenetic relationships are still poorly understood. Although recent studies on bryozoan taxonomies and phylogenies have increased, there is still a lack of assessment of species found at shallow water (<1 m) to intertidal depths. In this study, I aimed to expand the taxonomic sampling and assessment of the phylogenetic diversity of cheilostome bryozoans along the California coastline by utilizing mitochondrial DNA as well as inferring potential correlations between species presence and dispersal range both within and between rocky outer coast and sheltered harbor habitats. Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to produce mitogenomes for cheilostome bryozoan samples collected off rocks from two rocky intertidal sites and off settlement panels from two harbor sites. Phylogenetic analyses generated evolutionary hypotheses of species relationships alongside geographic mapping of their distribution. This study identified 15 distinct species that represent 10 different families to form the first comprehensive phylogeny for multiple bryozoan families in California across a total range of approximately 973 km of coastline. Three genetically distinct species were found at multiple sites that are separated by a combination of rocky shores and sandy beaches, which indicates that the dispersal range of these species are not limited by geographic barriers along the coast of California. These results provide a future opportunity for further integration of this data with the phylogenies generated in this study to examine more robust evolutionary hypotheses for the phylogenetic and geographic relationships of Californian bryozoan species.