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Articles 1 - 30 of 130
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
Evaluation Of Striped Bass Stocks In Virginia, Monitoring And Tagging Studies, 1999-2003 Annual Report, 1 September 1999 - 31 October 2000, Philip W. Sadler, Robert E. Harris, John E. Olney, Robert J. Latour
Evaluation Of Striped Bass Stocks In Virginia, Monitoring And Tagging Studies, 1999-2003 Annual Report, 1 September 1999 - 31 October 2000, Philip W. Sadler, Robert E. Harris, John E. Olney, Robert J. Latour
Reports
To document continued compliance with Federal law, the Anadromous Fishes Program of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) has monitored the size and age composition, sex ratio and maturity schedules of the spawning striped bass stock in the Rappahannock River since December 1981 utilizing commercial pound nets and, since 1991, variable-mesh experimental gill nets. Spawning stock assessment was expanded to include the James River in 1994 utilizing 11 commercial fyke nets and variable-mesh experimental gill nets. The use of fyke nets was discontinued after 1997. In conjunction with the monitoring studies, tagging programs have been conducted in the James …
Coherence Of Internal Tide Modulations Along The Hawaiian Ridge, Gary T. Mitchum, Stephen M. Chiswell
Coherence Of Internal Tide Modulations Along The Hawaiian Ridge, Gary T. Mitchum, Stephen M. Chiswell
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Long time series of sea level from tide gauges along the north side of the Hawaiian Ridge and shorter series of dynamic heights inferred from inverted echo sounders moored just north of the main Hawaiian Islands are examined for evidence of internal tides at the M2 frequency. We find that the amplitudes and phases of the M2 tidal components have low-frequency variability, which is consistent with a superposition of an internal tide with the larger barotropic tide. Further, the low-frequency variability is correlated with low-frequency changes in the depth of the pycnocline, which suggests a simple physical mechanism …
Temperature Effects On Export Production In The Open Ocean, Ea Laws, Pg Falkowki, Walker O. Smith Jr., H Ducklow, Jj Mccarthy
Temperature Effects On Export Production In The Open Ocean, Ea Laws, Pg Falkowki, Walker O. Smith Jr., H Ducklow, Jj Mccarthy
VIMS Articles
A pelagic food web model was formulated with the goal of developing a quantitative understanding of the relationship between total production, export production, and environmental variables in marine ecosystems. The model assumes that primary production is partitioned through both large and small phytoplankton and that the food web adjusts to changes in the rate of allochthonous nutrient inputs in a way that maximizes stability, i.e., the ability of the system to return to steady state following a perturbation. The results of the modeling exercise indicate that ef ratios, defined as new production/total production = export production/total production, are relatively insensitive …
A Review Of Shellfish Restoration As A Tool For Coastal Water Quality Management., Michael A. Rice
A Review Of Shellfish Restoration As A Tool For Coastal Water Quality Management., Michael A. Rice
Michael A Rice
In many areas, coastal residents and others oppose establishment of bivalve molluscan aquaculture projects on the basis of perceived negative environmental impacts. Often overlooked are positive environmental impacts of shellfish aquaculture that can potentially mitigate the impacts of other anthropogenic activities. Filter feeding by populations of bivalve mollusks is reviewed with respect to their ability to act as an estuarine filter, increase clarity of coastal waters and facilitate the removal of nitrogen and other nutrients from eutrophic coastal waters. Most species of cultured bivalve mollusks clear particles from waters at rates of 1 to 4 L/h, and populations of shellfish …
Effects Of Nutrient Enrichment On Growth And Phlorotannin Production In Fucus Gardneri Embryos, Kathryn L. Van Alstyne Dr., Karen N. Pelletreau
Effects Of Nutrient Enrichment On Growth And Phlorotannin Production In Fucus Gardneri Embryos, Kathryn L. Van Alstyne Dr., Karen N. Pelletreau
Shannon Point Marine Center Faculty Publications
Resource-allocation models predict trade-offs between growth and chemical defense. The carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis (CNBH) predicts that plants will allocate carbon to growth when nutrients are abundant and allocate it to carbon-based antiherbivore defenses when nutrients are limiting. In marine systems, field and laboratory tests of the CNBH with phlorotannin-producing algae have generally supported the predictions of the model. However, these tests have all measured phlorotannin concentrations in adult algae rather than juveniles, which are susceptible to higher
Number 41 (November 2000), Southern Fishes Council
Number 41 (November 2000), Southern Fishes Council
Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings
(November 2000) - Ichthyofauna and biogeography of Russell Fork (Big Sandy River - Ohio River). By Steven L. Powers and Patrick A. Ceas
Minutes, Business Meeting, 25th Annual Meeting, Southeastern Fishes Council Regional Southeastern Fishes Council Reports
Front Matter, Southeastern Fishes Council
Front Matter, Southeastern Fishes Council
Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings
No abstract provided.
Minutes, Business Meeting, Southeastern Fishes Council
Minutes, Business Meeting, Southeastern Fishes Council
Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings
No abstract provided.
Ichthyofauna And Biogeography Of Russell Fork (Big Sandy River - Ohio River), Steven L. Powers, Patrick A. Ceas
Ichthyofauna And Biogeography Of Russell Fork (Big Sandy River - Ohio River), Steven L. Powers, Patrick A. Ceas
Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings
No abstract provided.
Regional Southeastern Fishes Council Reports, Southeastern Fishes Council
Regional Southeastern Fishes Council Reports, Southeastern Fishes Council
Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings
No abstract provided.
Andros Island Flora And Fauna In The New Millennium, Jose V. Lopez, Cheryl L. Peterson, Felix Morales, Luther Brown
Andros Island Flora And Fauna In The New Millennium, Jose V. Lopez, Cheryl L. Peterson, Felix Morales, Luther Brown
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
No abstract provided.
Modifications Of The C37 Alkenone And Alkenoate Composition In The Water Column And Sediment: Possible Implications For Sea Surface Temperature Estimates In Paleoceanography, Joan O. Grimalt, Jürgen Rullkötter, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Roger Summons, John Farrington, H. Rodger Harvey, Miguel Goñi, Ken Sawada
Modifications Of The C37 Alkenone And Alkenoate Composition In The Water Column And Sediment: Possible Implications For Sea Surface Temperature Estimates In Paleoceanography, Joan O. Grimalt, Jürgen Rullkötter, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Roger Summons, John Farrington, H. Rodger Harvey, Miguel Goñi, Ken Sawada
OES Faculty Publications
The literature pertaining to C37 alkenone and C37 and C38 alkenoate production and diagenesis has been reviewed and evaluated for issues that might jeopardize their usefulness in paleotemperature estimation. We also examined the use of the C37 alkenones as paleoproductivity indicators, the stability of their δ13C isotopic compositions, and their incorporation into the nonsolvent extractable organic matter fraction. Biological transformation of organic matter by bacteria and zooplankton does not appear to cause significant changes to the ratio of C37:2 and C37:3 alkenones, but there are major alterations in the relative composition of alkenoates. Studies of water column processes and postdepositional …
Effects Of Blood Extraction On The Mortality Of The Horseshoe Crab, Limulus Polyphemus, Elizabeth A. Walls, Jim Berkson
Effects Of Blood Extraction On The Mortality Of The Horseshoe Crab, Limulus Polyphemus, Elizabeth A. Walls, Jim Berkson
Virginia Journal of Science
Horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) are bled by biomedical companies for the extraction of Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL), a clotting agent used in the detection of endotoxins. In 1998, the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission mandated that all biomedical companies collecting horseshoe crabs for the production of LAL study the horseshoe crab mortality rates resulting from the company's blood extraction process. BioWhittaker, a Cambrex Company is one of the largest producers of LAL in the world. During the summer of 1999, bled and unbled horseshoe crabs were transported from BioWhittaker's bleeding facility in Chincoteague, Virginia to the Virginia Seafood …
Fall 2000, Nsu Oceanographic Center
Phytosociological Analysis Of Restored And Managed Grassland Habitat Within An Urban National Park, Andrew M. Greller, Celestine Durando, Leslie F. Marcus, D. Siril A. Wijesundara, Michael D. Byer, Robert Cook, John T. Tanacredi Ph.D.
Phytosociological Analysis Of Restored And Managed Grassland Habitat Within An Urban National Park, Andrew M. Greller, Celestine Durando, Leslie F. Marcus, D. Siril A. Wijesundara, Michael D. Byer, Robert Cook, John T. Tanacredi Ph.D.
Faculty Works: CERCOM
Floyd Bennett Field (FBF), 579 ha in extent, is a division of Gateway National Recreation Area. It is the site of a former airfield, constructed by filling salt marshes with dredged materials. Except for the portion known locally as the “North Forty,” all sections of FBF have been cut over to maintain low vegetation. A grassland management plan (GRAMP) for 165 ha was initiated in 1986, to maintain habitats for open-country birds. Over the next few years, encroaching woody vegetation was removed manually and mechanically from the management area. Since then, it has been maintained as a grassland and receives …
Orbitally Induced Climate And Geochemical Variability Across The Oligocene/Miocene Boundary, Hilary A. Paul, James C. Zachos, Benjamin P. Flower, Aradhna Tripati
Orbitally Induced Climate And Geochemical Variability Across The Oligocene/Miocene Boundary, Hilary A. Paul, James C. Zachos, Benjamin P. Flower, Aradhna Tripati
Marine Science Faculty Publications
To assess the influence of orbital-scale variations on late Oligocene to early Miocene climate and ocean chemistry, high-resolution (similar to 5 kyr) benthic foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotope and percent coarse fraction time series were constructed for Ocean Drilling Program site 929 on Ceara Rise in the western equatorial Atlantic. These time series exhibit pervasive low- to high-frequency variability across a 5-Myr interval (20.5-25.4 Ma). The records also reveal several large-scale secular variations including two positive (similar to 1.6 parts per thousand) oxygen isotope excursions at 22.95 and 21.1 Ma, suggestive of large but brief glacial maxima (Mi-l and Mi-la …
Seasonal Variations Of Size-Fractionated Phytoplankton Along The Salinity Gradient In The York River Estuary, Virginia (Usa), Y Sin, Rl Wetzel, I. C. Anderson
Seasonal Variations Of Size-Fractionated Phytoplankton Along The Salinity Gradient In The York River Estuary, Virginia (Usa), Y Sin, Rl Wetzel, I. C. Anderson
VIMS Articles
The dynamics of phytoplankton size structure were investigated in the freshwater, transitional and estuarine zones of the York River over an annual cycle. The contribution of large cells (microplankton, >20 mu m) to total concentrations of chlorophyll a increased downstream during winter, whereas that of small cells (nanoplankton, 3-20 mu m; picoplankton,m) increased downstream during summer. In the freshwater region, the contribution of micro phytoplankton to total concentrations of chlorophyll a was significant during warm seasons (spring and summer) but not during colder seasons (winter), whereas the contribution of small-sized cells (especially picoplankton) increased during cold seasons. Temperature, light and …
Multiple Spatial Scale Assessment Of Coral Reef And Hard-Bottom Community Structure In The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Steven Miller, Dione W. Swanson, Mark Chiappone
Multiple Spatial Scale Assessment Of Coral Reef And Hard-Bottom Community Structure In The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Steven Miller, Dione W. Swanson, Mark Chiappone
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures
The zoning plan for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) established 23 relatively small no-fishing zones distributed mostly along the offshore reef tract in 1997. In 1999, a two-stage, stratified random sampling design based on the proportion of coral reef and hard-bottom types within the FKNMS was conducted. Our study focused on differences in coverage, density, and condition of benthic organisms with respect to habitat type, regional variations, and differences between no-fishing zones and reference sites at 80 locations spanning 200 km. Most variables exhibited significant spatial differences by habitat type or between individual no-fishing zones and reference sites …
Biological And Physical Observations On Larval Spot (Leiostomus Xanthurus) Recruiting To Oregon And Ocracoke Inlets North Carolina, Thomas R. Wasaff
Biological And Physical Observations On Larval Spot (Leiostomus Xanthurus) Recruiting To Oregon And Ocracoke Inlets North Carolina, Thomas R. Wasaff
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
Patterns of abundance, length, age, and growth of larval spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) were compared to assess the variability between spot larvae ingressing to two North Carolina inlets. The source of variability for the recruitment of larval fishes to estuarine nurseries has been linked to environmental stochasticity. Wind data and seasurface temperature satellite images were analyzed as two influential environmental variables that may help explain recruitment variability. As part of the South Atlantic Bight Recruitment Experiment (SABRE), spot larvae were collected between October 1994 and April 1995 as they recruited to Pamlico Sound through Oregon Inlet, located north of Cape Hatteras, …
Changes In Bacterioplankton Metabolic Capabilities Along A Salinity Gradient In The York River Estuary, Virginia, Usa, G. E. Schultz, H. W. Ducklow
Changes In Bacterioplankton Metabolic Capabilities Along A Salinity Gradient In The York River Estuary, Virginia, Usa, G. E. Schultz, H. W. Ducklow
VIMS Articles
Changes in metabolic capabilities of bacterial communities along the estuarine salinity gradient may affect the extent of organic matter processing and bacterial growth and accumulation during transit through the system; As part of a larger study of estuarine microbial processes, we attempted to quantify differences in bacterial community structure using Biolog plates. Biolog GN plates (Biolog, Inc., Hayward, CA, USA) were used to determine differences in bacterioplankton community metabolic potential. Biolog GN microplates are 96-well microtiter plates in which each well contains an individual carbon source as well the redox dye tetrazolium violet. As bacteria grow and oxidize each substrate, …
Evaluating The Recruitment Of American Eel, Anguilla Rostrata, To The Potomac - Spring 2000 : March 2000 - June 2000, Patrick J. Geer, Julie A. Weeder, Steven Hammond, Rudolph Lukacovic
Evaluating The Recruitment Of American Eel, Anguilla Rostrata, To The Potomac - Spring 2000 : March 2000 - June 2000, Patrick J. Geer, Julie A. Weeder, Steven Hammond, Rudolph Lukacovic
Reports
Measures of juvenile recruitment success have long been recognized as a valuable fisheries management tool. In the Chesapeake Bay, these measures have provided reliable indicators for future year class strength for blue crabs (Lipcius and van Engel, 1990), striped bass (Goodyear, 1985), and several other recreationally important fishes (Geer and Austin, 1999).
The American eel, Anguilla rostrata, is a valuable commercial species along the entire Atlantic coast from New Brunswick to Florida. Landings along the U.S. Atlantic coast have varied from 290 MT in 1962 to a high of 1600 MT in 1975 (NMFS, 1999). In recent years there seems …
Environmental Survey Of Potential Sand Resource Sites, Offshore Delaware And Maryland : Final Report, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Environmental Survey Of Potential Sand Resource Sites, Offshore Delaware And Maryland : Final Report, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Reports
- Technical summary / Carl H. Hobbs
- Non-technical summary / Carl H. Hobbs
- Part. 1. Benthic mapping and resource evaluation of potential sand mining areas, offshore Mayland and Delaware, 1998-1999 / G.R. Cutter and R.J. Diaz
- Part. 2. Transitory species (vertebrate nekton) / John A. Musick
- Part. 3. Literature survey of reproductive finfish and ichthyoplankton present in proposed sand mining locations within the Middle Atlantic Bight / John Olney, Donna Marie Bilkovic
- Part. 4. Potential modifications to waves due to dredging and other oceanographic considerations / Jerome P.-Y. Maa, Sung C. Kim
- Part. 5. Maryland-Delaware shoreline : long-term trends and short-term …
North Atlantic Intermediate To Deep Water Circulation And Chemical Stratification During The Past 1 Myr, Benjamin P. Flower, D. W. Oppo, J. F. Mcmanus, K. A. Venz, D. A. Hodell, J. L. Cullen
North Atlantic Intermediate To Deep Water Circulation And Chemical Stratification During The Past 1 Myr, Benjamin P. Flower, D. W. Oppo, J. F. Mcmanus, K. A. Venz, D. A. Hodell, J. L. Cullen
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Benthic foraminiferal carbon isotope records from a suite of drill sites in the North Atlantic are used to trace variations in the relative strengths of Lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW), Upper North Atlantic Deep Water (UNADW), and Southern Ocean Water (SOW) over the past 1 Myr. During glacial intervals, significant increases in intermediate-to-deep delta(13)C gradients (commonly reaching >1.2 parts per thousand) are consistent with changes in deep water circulation and associated chemical stratification. Bathymetric delta(13)C gradients covary with benthic foraminiferal delta(18)O and covary inversely with Vostok CO2, in agreement with chemical stratification as a driver of atmospheric CO2 changes. …
The Influence Of The Pressure Head On The Indonesian Seas Circulation, William H. Burnett, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, George L. Mellor, Arnold L. Gordon
The Influence Of The Pressure Head On The Indonesian Seas Circulation, William H. Burnett, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, George L. Mellor, Arnold L. Gordon
Faculty Publications
A high resolution, regional, non-linear, barotropic ocean model (2D POM) was used to show that a pressure difference between the Pacific and Indian Ocean does not significantly influence the total transport of the Indonesian throughflow.
Burrow Morphology And Behavior Of The Mud Shrimp Upogebia Omissa (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Upogebiidae), Vania Rodrigues Coelho, Roland Arthur Cooper, Sergio De Almeida Rodrigues
Burrow Morphology And Behavior Of The Mud Shrimp Upogebia Omissa (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Upogebiidae), Vania Rodrigues Coelho, Roland Arthur Cooper, Sergio De Almeida Rodrigues
Collected Faculty and Staff Scholarship
The burrow morphology, burrowing behavior and feeding mechanisms of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia omissa were studied. Twenty burrow casts were made in situ with epoxy resin, and an overall 'Y' shape was most frequently observed. Several burrows consisted of a single, oblique tunnel; burrow diameter was positively correlated with burrow length, maximum depth and distance between openings. Additionally, burrow length was positively associated with maximum depth, indicating that as burrow length increased burrow depth increased; i.e. burrows spread vertically rather than horizontally. Total sediment displacement by the burrows accounted for 2.6 % of sediment to a depth of 30 cm. …
Monitoring Relative Abundance Of American Shad In Virginia's Rivers Annual Report 1999, John E. Olney Sr., John M. Hoenig
Monitoring Relative Abundance Of American Shad In Virginia's Rivers Annual Report 1999, John E. Olney Sr., John M. Hoenig
Reports
A moratorium on the taking of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries was established by the Virginia Marine Resources Commission (VMRC) beginning 1 January 1994. The prohibition applied to both recreational and commercial fishers. The moratorium was imposed at a time when commercial catch rates of American shad in Virginia's rivers were experiencing declines. Data from the commercial fishery were the best available for assessing the status of individual stocks. Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data were compiled from logbooks that recorded landings by commercial fishermen using staked gill nets at various locations throughout the middle reaches of …
Local Demographics Of The Polychaete Chaetopterus Pergamentaceus Within The Lower Chesapeake Bay And Relationships To Environmental Gradients, Ml Thompson, Linda C. Schaffner
Local Demographics Of The Polychaete Chaetopterus Pergamentaceus Within The Lower Chesapeake Bay And Relationships To Environmental Gradients, Ml Thompson, Linda C. Schaffner
VIMS Articles
Chaetopterus pergamentaceus is an abundant and functionally important species within the soft sediment, subtidal benthic community of lower Chesapeake Bay. The present study elucidates spatial relationships in density, individual ash-free dry weight, total station ash-free dry weight and growth rates for juveniles and adults from 2 yrs of sampling (1994, 1995) at 12 stations in the lower Chesapeake Bay. A strong inverse relationship (r(2) = 0.69) was observed between growth rates and total density for juveniles when data from a low(1994) and high(1995) recruitment year were considered. Common parameters among stations characterized by high density/low growth were: (1) depth (maximum …
Bacterial Consumption Of Doc During Transport Through A Temperate Estuary, Pa Raymond, Je Bauer
Bacterial Consumption Of Doc During Transport Through A Temperate Estuary, Pa Raymond, Je Bauer
VIMS Articles
Bacterial utilization of natural levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was measured in the York River estuary, a sub-estuary of the Chesapeake Bay. This study was undertaken in order to elucidate spatial and temporal changes in bacterial carbon utilization and to evaluate its importance as a pathway for organic matter transformation in estuaries. Multiple pools of DOC were defined based on decomposition kinetics. The first pool (G(1)) made up a mean of 2.8% of total DOC and had turnover times of less than or equal to 5 d. The second pool (G(2)) comprised an average of 4.9% of total DOC …
The Crest, Summer 2000, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
The Crest, Summer 2000, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Reports
Table of Contents:
- VIMS Scientists Successfully Spawn Cobia
- NMFS Faculty Position Established at VIMS
- Scientists Discover New Species of Perkinsus
- Researchers Discover New Pollutants Infiltrating Virginia Rivers
- Sea Scallop Research Resumed in June
- MARSH Project Will Help Save Tidal Wetlands
- Virginia's Changing Coastal Community - Indicators of Change
- New Pound-Net Design Spares Young Fish
- VIMS Scientist Studies Oysters in India
- American Shad Focus of Unique Study
- From the Coleman Bridge to Menai Bridge:
- VIMS Professor Leads Field-Course in Wales
- New Experimental Design Course for Teachers
- Students Teaching Students
- Horseshoe Crab Research is Timely
- Award Winning Bridge Website Receives Renewed Funding …
Restoration Of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (Sav) In The Tidal Freshwater James River: Year 2, Ken Moore, Kevin Segerblom, Betty Neikirk, James Fishman
Restoration Of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (Sav) In The Tidal Freshwater James River: Year 2, Ken Moore, Kevin Segerblom, Betty Neikirk, James Fishman
Reports
No abstract provided.