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Articles 1321 - 1350 of 7414
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
Why New Zealand’S Indigenous Reconciliation Process Has Failed To Empower Māori Fishers: Distributional, Procedural, And Recognition-Based Injustices, Hekia Bodwitch, Andrew M. Song, Owen Temby, John Reid, Megan Bailey, Gordon M. Hickey
Why New Zealand’S Indigenous Reconciliation Process Has Failed To Empower Māori Fishers: Distributional, Procedural, And Recognition-Based Injustices, Hekia Bodwitch, Andrew M. Song, Owen Temby, John Reid, Megan Bailey, Gordon M. Hickey
School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
How is it that the New Zealand government’s process for re-establishing Indigenous fishing rights has failed to deliver thriving Māori fisheries? This paper examines why, at Te Waihora, a coastal lake, and site of one of the nation’s longest running and best-funded state-Māori co-governance agreements, Māori fishers have been unable to use their rights to support their fishery. As of 2018, the lake’s culturally and ecologically significant eel population was no longer commercially viable, a decline fishers have attributed to rampant dairy industry expansion upstream. Drawing on environmental justice literatures, we deploy a multi-dimensional framework to identify factors shaping possibilities …
Caulerpa Chemnitzia In Darwin Threatening Galapagos Coral Reefs, Inti Keith, William Bensted-Smith, Stuart Banks, Jenifer Suarez, Bernhard Riegl
Caulerpa Chemnitzia In Darwin Threatening Galapagos Coral Reefs, Inti Keith, William Bensted-Smith, Stuart Banks, Jenifer Suarez, Bernhard Riegl
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Coral reefs are rare in the Galapagos and there is concern that, like in many areas around the world, they may be degrading due to increasing anthropogenic pressure, which can cause changes and reorganizations of structure and function with associated phase shifts. Algae of the genus Caulerpa J.V. Lamouroux, 1809 are known as widespread and persistent marine invaders. They grow rapidly, particularly in disturbed areas where they can opportunistically monopolize substratum and compete with native species, thus reducing biodiversity. Caulerpa chemnitzia increased in abundance and overgrew corals on the reef since 2012, ultimately raising fears that a phase-shift from coral …
Increased Extent Of Waterfowl Grazing Lengthens The Recovery Time Of A Colonizing Seagrass (Halophila Ovalis) With Implications For Seagrass Resilience, Caitlyn M. O’Dea, Paul S. Lavery, Chanelle L. Webster, Kathryn M. Mcmahon
Increased Extent Of Waterfowl Grazing Lengthens The Recovery Time Of A Colonizing Seagrass (Halophila Ovalis) With Implications For Seagrass Resilience, Caitlyn M. O’Dea, Paul S. Lavery, Chanelle L. Webster, Kathryn M. Mcmahon
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
Herbivore distributions and abundance are shifting because of climate change, leading to intensified grazing pressure on foundation species such as seagrasses. This, combined with rapidly increasing magnitudes of change in estuarine ecosystems, may affect seagrass resilience. While the overall resilience of seagrasses is generally well-studied, the timeframes of recovery has received comparatively little attention, particularly in temperate estuaries. We investigated how the recovery time (RT) of seagrass is affected by simulated grazing in a southwestern Australian estuary. Whilst excluding swans, we simulated different grazing intensities (25, 50, 75, and 100 % removal from 1 m2 plots) at four locations in …
Drift Macroalgal Distribution In Northern Gulf Of Mexico Seagrass Meadows, Kelly M. Correia, Scott B. Alford, Benjamin A. Belgrad, Kelly M. Darnell, M. Zachary Darnell, Bradley T. Furman, Margaret O. Hall, Christian T. Hayes, Charles W. Martin, Ashley M. Mcdonald, Delbert L. Smee
Drift Macroalgal Distribution In Northern Gulf Of Mexico Seagrass Meadows, Kelly M. Correia, Scott B. Alford, Benjamin A. Belgrad, Kelly M. Darnell, M. Zachary Darnell, Bradley T. Furman, Margaret O. Hall, Christian T. Hayes, Charles W. Martin, Ashley M. Mcdonald, Delbert L. Smee
Faculty Publications
Drift macroalgae, often found in clumps or mats adjacent to or within seagrass beds, can increase the value of seagrass beds as habitat for nekton via added food resources and structural complexity. But, as algal biomass increases, it can also decrease light availability, inhibit faunal movements, smother benthic communities, and contribute to hypoxia, all of which can reduce nekton abundance. We quantified the abundance and distribution of drift macroalgae within seagrass meadows dominated by turtle grass Thalassia testudinum across the northern Gulf of Mexico and compared seagrass characteristics to macroalgal biomass and distribution. Drift macroalgae were most abundant in areas …
Microplastics: Water And Oyster Data For The Indian River Lagoon, Linda Walters, Casey Craig
Microplastics: Water And Oyster Data For The Indian River Lagoon, Linda Walters, Casey Craig
CEELAB Research Data
Microplastic (MP) abundances in surface waters and tissues of the oyster Crassostrea virginica were examined for one year in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), a 251-km long estuary on the east coast of central FL, USA to better understand spatial and temporal variability. A total of 3755 MP were found in 44% of lagoon-wide water samples. Mean density (± CI) was 1.47 ± 0.09 MP/L. Central IRL sites had the lowest MP abundance, while the south had the most, likely associated with proximity to urbanization, inlets (MP sinks) and tributaries (MP sources). More MP were found in water …
Diving Into The Vertical Dimension Of Elasmobranch Movement Ecology, Samantha Andrzejaczek, Tim C. D. Lucas, Maurice C. Goodman, Nigel E. Hussey, Amelia J. Armstrong, Aaron B. Carlisle, Daniel M. Coffey, Adrian C. Gleiss, Charlie Huveneers, David M. P. Jacoby, Mark G. Meekan, Johann Mourier, Lauren R. Peel, Katya Abrantes, Andre S. Afonso, Matthew J. Ajemian, Brooke N. Anderson, Scot D. Anderson, Gonzalo Araujo, Asia O. Armstrong, Pascal Bach, Adam Barnett, Mike B. Bennett, Natalia P. A. Bezerra, Ramon Bonfil, Andre M. Boustany, Heather D. Bowlby, Ilka Branco, Carmin D. Braun, Edward J. Brooks, Judith Brown, Patrick J. Burke, Paul Butcher, Michael Castleton, Taylor K. Chapple, Olivier Chateau, Maurice Clarke, Rui Coelho, Enric Cortes, Lydie I. E. Couturier, Paul D. Cowley, Donald A. Croll, Juan M. Cuevas, Tobey H. Curtis, Laurent Dagorn, Jonathan J. Dale, Ryan Daly, Heidi Dewar, Philip D. Doherty, Andres Domingo, Alistair D. M. Dove, Michael Drew, Christine L. Dudgeon, Clinton A. J. Duffy, Riley G. Elliott, Jim R. Ellis, Mark V. Erdmann, Thomas J. Farrugia, Luciana C. Ferreira, Francesco Ferretti, John D. Filmalter, Brittany Finucci, Chris Fischer, Richard Fitzpatrick, Fabien Forget, Kerstin Forsberg, Malcolm P. Francis, Bryan R. Franks, Austin J. Gallagher, Felipe Galva-Magana, Mirta L. Garcia, Troy F. Gaston, Bronwyn M. Gillanders, Matthew J. Gollock, Jonathan R. Green, Sofia Green, Christopher A. Griffiths, Neil Hammerschlag, Abdi Hasan, Lucy A. Hawkes, Fabio H.V. Hazin, Matthew Heard, Alex Hearn, Suzanne M. Henderson, John C. Holdsworth, Kim N. Holland, Lucy A. Howey, Robert E. Hueter, Nicolas E. Humphries, Melanie Hutchinson, Fabrice R. A. Jaine, Salvador J. Jorgensen, Paul E. Kanive, Jessica Labaja, Fernanda O. Lana, Hugo Lassauce, Rebecca S. Lipscombe, Fiona Llewellyn, Bruno C. L. Macena, Ronald Mambrasar, Jaime D. Mcallister, Sophy R. Mccully Phillips, Frazer Mcgregor, Matthew N. Mcmillan, Lianne M. Mcnaughton, Sibele A. Mendonça, Carl G. Meyer, Megan Meyers, John A. Mohan, John C. Montgomery, Gonzalo Mucientes, Michael K. Musyl, Nicole Nasby-Lucas, Lisa Natanson, John B. O'Sullivan, Paulo Oliveira, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Toby A. Patterson, Simon J. Pierce, Nuno Queiroz, Craig A. Radford, Andy J. Richardson, Anthony J. Richardson, David Righton, Christoph A. Rohner, Mark A. Royer, Ryan A. Saunders, Matthias Schaber, Robert J. Schallert, Michael C. Scholl, Andrew C. Seitz, Jayson M. Semmens, Edy Setyawan, Brendan D. Shea, Rafid A. Shidqi, George Shillinger, Oliver N. Shipley, Mahmood Shivji, Abraham B. Sianipar, Joana F. Silva, David W. Sims, Gregory B. Skomal, Lara L. Sousa, Emily J. Southall, Julia L. Y. Spaet, Killian M. Stehfest, Guy Stevens, Joshua D. Stewart, James Sulikowski, Ismail Syakurachman, Simon R. Thorrold, Michele Thums, David Tickler, Mariana T. Tolloti, Kathy A. Townsend, Paulo Travassos, John P. Tyminski, Jeremy Vaudo, Drausio Veras, Laurent Wantiez, Sam B. Weber, R.J. David Wells, Kevin C. Weng, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Jane E. Williamson, Matthew J. Witt, Serena Wright, Kelly Zilliacus, Barbara A. Block, David J. Curnick
Diving Into The Vertical Dimension Of Elasmobranch Movement Ecology, Samantha Andrzejaczek, Tim C. D. Lucas, Maurice C. Goodman, Nigel E. Hussey, Amelia J. Armstrong, Aaron B. Carlisle, Daniel M. Coffey, Adrian C. Gleiss, Charlie Huveneers, David M. P. Jacoby, Mark G. Meekan, Johann Mourier, Lauren R. Peel, Katya Abrantes, Andre S. Afonso, Matthew J. Ajemian, Brooke N. Anderson, Scot D. Anderson, Gonzalo Araujo, Asia O. Armstrong, Pascal Bach, Adam Barnett, Mike B. Bennett, Natalia P. A. Bezerra, Ramon Bonfil, Andre M. Boustany, Heather D. Bowlby, Ilka Branco, Carmin D. Braun, Edward J. Brooks, Judith Brown, Patrick J. Burke, Paul Butcher, Michael Castleton, Taylor K. Chapple, Olivier Chateau, Maurice Clarke, Rui Coelho, Enric Cortes, Lydie I. E. Couturier, Paul D. Cowley, Donald A. Croll, Juan M. Cuevas, Tobey H. Curtis, Laurent Dagorn, Jonathan J. Dale, Ryan Daly, Heidi Dewar, Philip D. Doherty, Andres Domingo, Alistair D. M. Dove, Michael Drew, Christine L. Dudgeon, Clinton A. J. Duffy, Riley G. Elliott, Jim R. Ellis, Mark V. Erdmann, Thomas J. Farrugia, Luciana C. Ferreira, Francesco Ferretti, John D. Filmalter, Brittany Finucci, Chris Fischer, Richard Fitzpatrick, Fabien Forget, Kerstin Forsberg, Malcolm P. Francis, Bryan R. Franks, Austin J. Gallagher, Felipe Galva-Magana, Mirta L. Garcia, Troy F. Gaston, Bronwyn M. Gillanders, Matthew J. Gollock, Jonathan R. Green, Sofia Green, Christopher A. Griffiths, Neil Hammerschlag, Abdi Hasan, Lucy A. Hawkes, Fabio H.V. Hazin, Matthew Heard, Alex Hearn, Suzanne M. Henderson, John C. Holdsworth, Kim N. Holland, Lucy A. Howey, Robert E. Hueter, Nicolas E. Humphries, Melanie Hutchinson, Fabrice R. A. Jaine, Salvador J. Jorgensen, Paul E. Kanive, Jessica Labaja, Fernanda O. Lana, Hugo Lassauce, Rebecca S. Lipscombe, Fiona Llewellyn, Bruno C. L. Macena, Ronald Mambrasar, Jaime D. Mcallister, Sophy R. Mccully Phillips, Frazer Mcgregor, Matthew N. Mcmillan, Lianne M. Mcnaughton, Sibele A. Mendonça, Carl G. Meyer, Megan Meyers, John A. Mohan, John C. Montgomery, Gonzalo Mucientes, Michael K. Musyl, Nicole Nasby-Lucas, Lisa Natanson, John B. O'Sullivan, Paulo Oliveira, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Toby A. Patterson, Simon J. Pierce, Nuno Queiroz, Craig A. Radford, Andy J. Richardson, Anthony J. Richardson, David Righton, Christoph A. Rohner, Mark A. Royer, Ryan A. Saunders, Matthias Schaber, Robert J. Schallert, Michael C. Scholl, Andrew C. Seitz, Jayson M. Semmens, Edy Setyawan, Brendan D. Shea, Rafid A. Shidqi, George Shillinger, Oliver N. Shipley, Mahmood Shivji, Abraham B. Sianipar, Joana F. Silva, David W. Sims, Gregory B. Skomal, Lara L. Sousa, Emily J. Southall, Julia L. Y. Spaet, Killian M. Stehfest, Guy Stevens, Joshua D. Stewart, James Sulikowski, Ismail Syakurachman, Simon R. Thorrold, Michele Thums, David Tickler, Mariana T. Tolloti, Kathy A. Townsend, Paulo Travassos, John P. Tyminski, Jeremy Vaudo, Drausio Veras, Laurent Wantiez, Sam B. Weber, R.J. David Wells, Kevin C. Weng, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Jane E. Williamson, Matthew J. Witt, Serena Wright, Kelly Zilliacus, Barbara A. Block, David J. Curnick
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and …
Understanding Across The Senses: Cross-Modal Studies Of Cognition In Cetaceans, Jason N. Bruck, Adam A. Pack
Understanding Across The Senses: Cross-Modal Studies Of Cognition In Cetaceans, Jason N. Bruck, Adam A. Pack
Faculty Publications
Cross-modal approaches to the study of sensory perception, social recognition, cognition, and mental representation have proved fruitful in humans as well as in a variety of other species including toothed whales in revealing equivalencies that suggest that different sensory stimuli associated with objects or individuals may effectively evoke mental representations that are, respectively, object based or individual based. Building on established findings of structural equivalence in the form of spontaneous recognition of complex shapes across the modalities of echolocation and vision and behavior favoring identity echoic–visual cross-modal relationships over associative echoic–visual cross-modal relationships, examinations of transitive inference equivalencies from initially …
Ichthyofaunal Utilization Of A Man-Made Salt Marsh Creek In Mission Bay, California, 25 Years After Creation, Maria Angst, Drew M. Talley
Ichthyofaunal Utilization Of A Man-Made Salt Marsh Creek In Mission Bay, California, 25 Years After Creation, Maria Angst, Drew M. Talley
Creative Collaborations: Annual Showcase of Undergraduate Research
Abstract: Southern California's wetlands are drastically declining due to human activities. Increasingly, marsh restoration and creation are being used to mitigate such losses. This study used minnow traps to resample the ichthyofauna of a created marsh (Crown Point Mitigation Site; CPMS) and an adjacent natural marsh (Kendall Frost) in Mission Bay, California, 26 years following the marsh creation. These data were compared to data collected from 1995-1998, immediately after marsh creation. Fishes trapped included Fundulus parvipinnis, Gillichthys mirabilis, Ctenogobius sagittula, Atherinops affinis, and Mugil cephalus. Species richness and dominance measures were higher in the natural …
Evaluating The Potential Effect Of Nitrogen And Toxicological Responses Of Juvenile Lampsilis Reeveiana (Mollusca: Unionidae) In The Buffalo National River, Anna Marie Pieri
Evaluating The Potential Effect Of Nitrogen And Toxicological Responses Of Juvenile Lampsilis Reeveiana (Mollusca: Unionidae) In The Buffalo National River, Anna Marie Pieri
Student Theses and Dissertations
The Buffalo National River (BUFF) was established as the first national river in 1972 and later designated as an Extraordinary Resource Water and Natural and Scenic Waterway. This thesis seeks to address the potential threat of elevated nutrients and its association with freshwater mussel declines in the BUFF through laboratory and in situ exposures. Water and sediment chemistry data were collected, and relevant thresholds were used to extrapolate lab-to-field toxicity during low-flow events. Acute toxicity was not observed; however, low-concentration chronic toxicity may be influencing mussel assemblages with rising temperatures. Water quality degradation is likely the result of combined sources …
Purification Of Artepillin C (Arc) With Anticancer Activities From Supercritical Co2-Ethanol Extracts Of Brazilian Green Propolis By Using Adsorption Column Chromatography, Lin-Hsiang Chuang, Wen-Chin Chen, Wen Pei, Ming-Hsi Chuang, Todd Hsu, Po-Chao Chuang
Purification Of Artepillin C (Arc) With Anticancer Activities From Supercritical Co2-Ethanol Extracts Of Brazilian Green Propolis By Using Adsorption Column Chromatography, Lin-Hsiang Chuang, Wen-Chin Chen, Wen Pei, Ming-Hsi Chuang, Todd Hsu, Po-Chao Chuang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
Phenolic compounds with varying phenolic structures are present in both terrestrial and marine organisms. Artepillin C (ARC) is a prenylated phenolic compound produced specifically in Brazilian green propolis. Earlier studies have demonstrated the potential of ARC as a dietary supplement for cancer prevention due to its ability to suppress tumor growth and metastasis. Here we report the development of an effective adsorption chromatography combined with supercritical CO2 extraction for the massive purification of ARC. A mixture of supercritical CO2 and ethanol extract of Brazilian green propolis was passed through a stainless chromatographic column packed with protruding metals at 4,000 psi …
A Stochastic Sailing Speed Optimization And Vessel Deployment Problem In Liner Shipping, Dung-Ying Lin, Pak Weng Leong
A Stochastic Sailing Speed Optimization And Vessel Deployment Problem In Liner Shipping, Dung-Ying Lin, Pak Weng Leong
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
In this research, we consider the stochastic sailing speed optimization and vessel deployment problem and examine the trade-off between sailing speed and the number of vessels required to provide a certain service in international liner shipping. Solving this kind of stochastic program is a challenging task. To address this issue, we construct a mathematical formulation based on Ng (1) and Ng (2) and enhance the linearization techniques from Wang and Meng (3) so that problem instances of an even larger scale can be solved. The proposed formulation has been numerically applied to solve realistic cases, and the empirical results show …
Vehicle Assignment For Chemicals Transportation, Yu-Liang Liu, Juan Huang, Ching-Wu Chu
Vehicle Assignment For Chemicals Transportation, Yu-Liang Liu, Juan Huang, Ching-Wu Chu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
Vehicle assignment is a significant challenge faced by chemical logistics companies. The chemical industry typically outsources the delivery of chemicals to professional logistics companies to meet customers' complex and demanding needs. In this regard, this research explores the case study of a logistics company that selects its delivery modes and formulates its vehicle assignment plans based on its personnel’s experience rather than any formal system and plans its vehicle routes on the day before the delivery. This study seeks to improve the efficiency and immediacy of logistics companies’ vehicle assignments, understand vehicle route planning, maximize space utilization, and minimize transportation …
A Hybrid Finite Difference Method For Singularly Perturbed Delay Partial Differential Equations With Discontinuous Coefficient And Source, Nitika Sharma, Aditya Kaushik
A Hybrid Finite Difference Method For Singularly Perturbed Delay Partial Differential Equations With Discontinuous Coefficient And Source, Nitika Sharma, Aditya Kaushik
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
The article presents a hybrid finite difference scheme to solve a singularly perturbed parabolic functional differential equation with discontinuous coefficient and source. The simultaneous presence of deviating argument with a discontinuous source and coefficient makes the problem stiff. The solution of the problem exhibits turning point behaviour across discontinuity as tends to zero. The hybrid scheme presented is a composition of a central difference scheme and a midpoint upwind scheme on a specially generated mesh. At the same time, an implicit finite difference method is used to discretize the time variable. Consistency, stability, and convergence of the presented numerical approach …
Simulating And Predicting Offshore Oil Spills By Using Cellular Automata, Lin Liu, Wanwu Li, Yumeng Cui, Guanghui Hu, Hang Li
Simulating And Predicting Offshore Oil Spills By Using Cellular Automata, Lin Liu, Wanwu Li, Yumeng Cui, Guanghui Hu, Hang Li
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
In recent years, offshore oil spill accidents have caused substantial damage to both marine organisms and marine ecology. Accurate simulation and prediction of oil spills could provide a scientific basis for assessing losses due to oil spills and provide support for emergency decisions regarding oil spills. We analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of existing oil spill models and constructed an offshore oil spill model based on cellular automata (CA). By considering both the flow field and wind field, we formulated new CA rules for the diffusion and drift of a pollution zone, and in our model, the cellular state in …
Design And Testing Of A Bearing Less Piezo Jet Micro Heat Sink, Rong-Tsu Wang, Jung-Chang Wang, Sih-Li Chen
Design And Testing Of A Bearing Less Piezo Jet Micro Heat Sink, Rong-Tsu Wang, Jung-Chang Wang, Sih-Li Chen
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
The present study utilized piezoelectric ceramics (PC) as actuators to design five new piezoelectric heatsinks and preliminarily investigated the different design types and their operating conditions, such as the frequency, placement distance, thickness between piezoelectric sheets, piezoelectric sheet size, and noise produced. The results showed that when the micro heatsink bearingless piezo jet was placed too close to the heat source, the high temperature sucked back the surrounding fluids, causing the fluid chamber temperature to rise and the cooling effect to be reduced. Therefore, the heatsink should be placed between 10 and 20 mm from the heat source. With the …
Integrated Modeling Of Dynamic Marsh Feedbacks And Evolution Under Sea-Level Rise In A Mesotidal Estuary (Plum Island, Ma, Usa), Karim Alizad, James T. Morris, Matthew V. Bilskie, Davina L. Passeri, Scott C. Hagen
Integrated Modeling Of Dynamic Marsh Feedbacks And Evolution Under Sea-Level Rise In A Mesotidal Estuary (Plum Island, Ma, Usa), Karim Alizad, James T. Morris, Matthew V. Bilskie, Davina L. Passeri, Scott C. Hagen
Faculty Publications
Around the world, wetland vulnerability to sea-level rise (SLR) depends on different factors including tidal regimes, topography, creeks and estuary geometry, sediment availability, vegetation type, etc. The Plum Island estuary (PIE) is a mesotidal wetland system on the east coast of the United States. This research applied a newly updated Hydro-MEM (integrated hydrodynamic-marsh) model to assess the impacts of intermediate-low (50 cm), intermediate (1 m), and intermediate-high (1.5 m) SLR on marsh evolution by the year 2100. Model advancements include capturing vegetation change, inorganic and below and aboveground organic matter portion of marsh platform accretion, and mudflat creation. Although the …
Global Food Insecurity And Famine From Reduced Crop, Marine Fishery And Livestock Production Due To Climate Disruption From Nuclear War Soot Injection, Lilia Xia, Alan Robock, Kim J. N. Scherrer, Cheryl S. Harrison, Benjamin Leon Bodirsky, Isabelle Weindl, Jonas Jaegermeyr, Charles G. Bardeen, Owen B. Toon, Ryan F. Heneghan
Global Food Insecurity And Famine From Reduced Crop, Marine Fishery And Livestock Production Due To Climate Disruption From Nuclear War Soot Injection, Lilia Xia, Alan Robock, Kim J. N. Scherrer, Cheryl S. Harrison, Benjamin Leon Bodirsky, Isabelle Weindl, Jonas Jaegermeyr, Charles G. Bardeen, Owen B. Toon, Ryan F. Heneghan
School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Atmospheric soot loadings from nuclear weapon detonation would cause disruptions to the Earth’s climate, limiting terrestrial and aquatic food production. Here, we use climate, crop and fishery models to estimate the impacts arising from six scenarios of stratospheric soot injection, predicting the total food calories available in each nation post-war after stored food is consumed. In quantifying impacts away from target areas, we demonstrate that soot injections larger than 5 Tg would lead to mass food shortages, and livestock and aquatic food production would be unable to compensate for reduced crop output, in almost all countries. Adaptation measures such as …
Size Structuring Of Myctophids In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico In The Years Following The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Adam Warren
Size Structuring Of Myctophids In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico In The Years Following The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Adam Warren
All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations
Body size is one of the main determinants of marine ecosystem structure and is correlated with many behavioral processes such as diel vertical migration (DVM). Myctophidae, a highly abundant, speciose, and globally distributed fish family, perform diel vertical migrations between the epipelagic zone at night and the mesopelagic zone during the day with vertical distributions varying with ontogeny, and therefore body length. Understanding how DVM contributes to an ecosystem’s structure is important to understanding ecosystem functioning, especially in response to anthropogenic impacts such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in myctophid …
Effects Of Net Type On The Quantification Of Pelagic Shrimp And Krill In The Gulf Of Mexico, Eric J. Lee
Effects Of Net Type On The Quantification Of Pelagic Shrimp And Krill In The Gulf Of Mexico, Eric J. Lee
All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations
Trawls are an effective and widely used method for collecting micronekton because they can sample large volumes of sparsely distributed organisms, as well as allow for direct species identification of collected samples. However, net sampling methods are known to be highly variable in terms of design and catchability, and comparisons of deep-sea trawl data from two different types of nets over the same spatial and temporal scale are relatively rare. The current study is unique because it provides such an analysis for micronektonic crustaceans in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) by comparing the trawling efficacy of a smaller 10 m …
Sympatric Otariids Increase Trophic Segregation In Response To Warming Ocean Conditions In Peruvian Humboldt Current System, Susana Cardenas-Alayza, Michael Adkesson, Mickie Rae Edwards, Amy C. Hirons, Dimitri Gutierrez, Yann Tremblay
Sympatric Otariids Increase Trophic Segregation In Response To Warming Ocean Conditions In Peruvian Humboldt Current System, Susana Cardenas-Alayza, Michael Adkesson, Mickie Rae Edwards, Amy C. Hirons, Dimitri Gutierrez, Yann Tremblay
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Determining trophic habits of predator communities is essential to measure interspecific interactions and response to environmental fluctuations. South American fur seals, Arctocephalus australis (SAFS) and sea lions Otaria byronia (SASL), coexist along the coasts of Peru. Recently, ocean warming events (2014–2017) that can decrease and impoverish prey biomass have occurred in the Peruvian Humboldt Current System. In this context, our aim was to assess the effect of warming events on long-term inter- and intra-specific niche segregation. We collected whisker from SAFS (55 females and 21 males) and SASL (14 females and 22 males) in Punta San Juan, Peru. We used …
Benthic Community Dynamics And Stony Coral Demographics In Florida In Relation To Acute Disturbances And Chronic Pressures, Nicholas P. Jones
Benthic Community Dynamics And Stony Coral Demographics In Florida In Relation To Acute Disturbances And Chronic Pressures, Nicholas P. Jones
All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations
The persistence of coral reef communities is threatened by a suite of pressures operating at varying spatial and temporal scales. In general, acute disturbances (short term stochastic events such as marine heatwaves or hurricanes) and chronic pressures, such as ocean warming, have caused the most significant changes to stony coral assemblages (order Scleractinia) and continue to impair recovery potential. Additionally, many coral reefs are subject to local chronic anthropogenic pressures resulting in poor water quality or sedimentation, which further impact stony corals and shape benthic community structure, particularly near urbanized coastlines. For the viability of communities on coral reefs, a …
Relationships Between Mercury And Trophic Level In Nine Coastal Pelagic Fishes Off Southeastern Florida, Emily Akins
Relationships Between Mercury And Trophic Level In Nine Coastal Pelagic Fishes Off Southeastern Florida, Emily Akins
All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations
State and federal agencies have issued consumption advisories for various fish species for many years, including in Florida. Upper-level predatory fish, such as tunas and mackerels, are especially popular with anglers but are susceptible to high levels of mercury through bioaccumulation and biomagnification. This study used two data sets over two time periods, 2010-2012 and 2020-2021, to compare mercury and trophic level relationships in nine coastal pelagic fishes is Southeastern Florida. As these species are popular in recreational fisheries, charter and tournament catches formed the base of the samples that were analyzed for total mercury along with carbon and nitrogen …
The Impacts Of Egg Chamber Depth And Clutch Size On Hatching And Emergence Success For Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta Caretta) On South Florida Beaches, Curtis J. Slagle
The Impacts Of Egg Chamber Depth And Clutch Size On Hatching And Emergence Success For Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta Caretta) On South Florida Beaches, Curtis J. Slagle
All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations
All seven extant species of sea turtle are either threatened or endangered due to a multitude of anthropogenic and environmental factors. There has been strong emphasis on reversing this trend through various conservation efforts at multiple life stages, yet, if hatchlings never develop within the nest or are unable to escape the egg chamber, then these efforts are futile. Understanding how they develop, the factors impacting this development and their ability to emerge from the egg chamber are essential for sea turtle conservation. Important factors that may impact hatching success (HS) and emergence success (ES) are egg chamber depth (ECD) …
Impacts On Fast-Start Performance: How Do Group Size And Habitat Degradation Alter The Escape Behavior Of A Schooling Coral Reef Fish?, Monica D. Bacchus
Impacts On Fast-Start Performance: How Do Group Size And Habitat Degradation Alter The Escape Behavior Of A Schooling Coral Reef Fish?, Monica D. Bacchus
All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations
Escaping predation is essential for species survival, but prey must effectively match their response to the perceived threat imposed by a predator. Fish evaluate their surroundings using several sensory stimuli, including olfactory, visual, auditory, and mechanical cues. A range of taxa use the fast-start response to evade predators, including fishes, sharks, and larval amphibians. While the fast-start response (rapid bursts of swimming) is extensively studied in solitary fishes, the factors that mediate the collective escape response in schools of fish have historically been investigated far less. To address this knowledge gap, the collective escape behavior and individual escape performance of …
Preliminary Trials To Assess Bycatch Reduction Potential For Deep-Set Pelagic Longline Gear In The U.S. Atlantic Fishery, Sean T. Wilms
Preliminary Trials To Assess Bycatch Reduction Potential For Deep-Set Pelagic Longline Gear In The U.S. Atlantic Fishery, Sean T. Wilms
All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations
The U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline fishery uses a shallow-set gear configuration to primarily target swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) at depths of around 75-100 m. However, the fishery has been the subject of several bycatch reduction regulations due to incidental catch and mortality of sea turtles, seabirds, marine mammals, and istiophorid billfishes. An alternative deep-set technique, used by the U.S. pelagic longline fishery based in Hawaii and several non-U.S. fleets, differs from the shallow-set pelagic longline gear by deploying a greater length of mainline per unit distance using a mechanical line shooter, resulting in a deeper catenary …
Spatial Variation Of False Map Turtle (Graptemys Pseudogeographica) Bacterial Microbiota In The Lower Missouri River, United States, Joseph D. Madison, Madeline M. Butterfield, Drew R. Davis, Jacob L. Kerby
Spatial Variation Of False Map Turtle (Graptemys Pseudogeographica) Bacterial Microbiota In The Lower Missouri River, United States, Joseph D. Madison, Madeline M. Butterfield, Drew R. Davis, Jacob L. Kerby
School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Turtle populations around the world are continually confronted with changing environments that affect their ecology and conservation status. Among freshwater turtles, population dynamics are thought to be mediated by complex yet often cryptic causes. One recent direction of focus in addressing these causes is the turtle-associated microbiota. In turtles, the gut- associated microbiota is of exceptional interest due to its continual association with host species under changing conditions. Diet-based fluctuations and changes in microbial diversity may correspond to varying external environments at both the individual and population level. Environmental responses are of particular interest due to the anthropogenic changes that …
Determination Of Atlantic Shortfin Mako Shark (Isurus Oxyrinchus) Population Genetic Structure And Comparison Of Mitogenomic Markers, Marissa Mehlrose
Determination Of Atlantic Shortfin Mako Shark (Isurus Oxyrinchus) Population Genetic Structure And Comparison Of Mitogenomic Markers, Marissa Mehlrose
All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations
This study provides the first genomics-level, population structure and genetic diversity assessment of the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) shark. The assessments were based on mitogenome sequences from makos distributed throughout the Atlantic Ocean, with Pacific mako mitogenomes used as a comparative outgroup. In addition to complete mitogenome-based analyses, I assessed individual mitochondrial coding gene and non-coding (Control Region) sequences for their comparative resolution properties as markers for revealing matrilineal population structure and genetic diversity. Sequencing of 125 makos in the western and eastern Atlantic across northern and southern hemispheres yielded 92 complete mitogenomes (16,698-16,702 bp) and 33 partial …
Variability In The Vertical Distributions Of Mesopelagic Fishes: Effect Of Body Size, Season, And Sampling Strategy On The Characterization Of Diel Vertical Migration, Brandon A. Brule
All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations
Diel vertical migration, or DVM, is defined as the large-scale changes in the depth distribution of a species or an assemblage with respect to the time of day. DVM is the largest active movement of biomass on Earth, driven by the need for food balanced against predator avoidance and metabolic constraints. Asynchronous diel vertical migration, in the context of this study, refers to the phenomenon where only a portion of a species’ population migrates upwards at night while others remain at depth. The extent that factors such as temporal variation, ontogenic variation, and methodological variation explain this migratory pattern is …
A Genomic Investigation Of Divergence Between Tuna Species, Pavel V. Dimens
A Genomic Investigation Of Divergence Between Tuna Species, Pavel V. Dimens
Dissertations
Effective management and conservation of marine pelagic fishes is heavily dependent on a robust understanding of their population structure, their evolutionary history, and the delineation of appropriate management units. The Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and the Blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) are two exploited epipelagic marine species with overlapping ranges in the tropical and sub-tropical Atlantic Ocean. This work analyzed genome-wide genetic variation of both species in the Atlantic basin to investigate the occurrence of population subdivision and adaptive variation. A de novo assembly of the Blackfin tuna genome was generated using Illumina paired-end sequencing data and …
Evaluating The Impact Of Intersecting Research And Outreach Marine Science Programs On Elementary And Undergraduate Students, Randi J. Sims
Evaluating The Impact Of Intersecting Research And Outreach Marine Science Programs On Elementary And Undergraduate Students, Randi J. Sims
All Theses
Climate change is one of the most destructive forces our ocean is currently experiencing. Despite this, many students are not taught the basics of climate change science and ocean literacy in public school systems. My work seeks to combat these deficits through educational experiences in marine science for undergraduate and local elementary students through three studies incorporating marine-science based research and outreach. (1) Through undergraduate marine science research and outreach, students enrolled for long durations or with positive mentorship increased their conceptual understanding of marine science concepts, altered their attitudes towards climate change and science, and were more likely to …