Entomology Commons^™

Some Factors Affecting Male Back Space Availability In The Water Bug Belostoma Flumineum Say, Amanda M. Vandenburgh

Masters Theses

Various factors affecting the availability of male back space in the giant water bug, Belostoma flumineum Say, are described herein and interpreted in a manner consistent with natural selection theory. Newly emerged males are observed to breed and accept eggs sooner than newly emerged females develop an egg clutch: furthermore, newly emerged males were shown to contain motile sperm on the day of adult emergence. Newly emerged females did not contain any mature eggs until approximately six days old. It was also found that newly emerged females manufacture eggs at a linear rate of 4.8 eggs per day. Egg length …

Synopsis Of The Nepidae Of Arkansas, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Further Distributional Records For Arkansas Anisoptera, George L. Harp, John D. Rickett

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Dytiscidae From Randolph County, Arkansas, Mark A. Pippenger, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Compatibility Of Intercropping With Mechanized Agriculture: Effects Of Strip Intercropping Of Pinto Beans And Sweet Corn On Insect Abundance In Colorado, J. L. Capinera, Thomas J. Weissling, E. E. Schweizer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The potential for management of insect pest densities by regulation of crop diversity through intercropping was examined in sweet corn and pinto beans. Insect abundance was monitored in corn and beans in alternating multiple-row patterns of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 rows. Insect responses to intercropping treatments were variable, with positive, negative, and neutral responses observed, depending on species of insect and crop. In some cases, insect abundance was affected by strip-intercropping widths of up to eight rows, suggesting that strip intercropping may be compatible with some types of mechanized agriculture.

Extrafloral Nectaries On Plants In Communities Without Ants: Hawaii, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Since the Hawaiian Islands lack native ants, it was hypothesized that extrafloral nectaries, an ant-related mutualistic trait, should be lacking on native species. Presence of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) on plants was determined by direct observation and related to vegetation structure and floral composition. Frequency of plants with EFNs was low by all possible comparisons. However, several endemic species had functional EFNs. The hypotheses to explain these anomalies are (1) phylogenetic inertia or (2) mutualism with some other organism than ants.

Temperature-Dependent Model For Sorghum Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Spring Emergence, Frederick P. Baxendale, G. L. Teetes, P. J. H. Sharpe

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A temperature-dependent, two-component model, based on constant-temperature development data, was formulated which described the emergence of overwintered sorghum midges, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett) in the field. The first model component used a poikilotherm rate equation to predict emergence rates as a function of temperature. The second component distributed emerging adults over normalized time using a temperature- independent cumulative Weibull distribution. When coupled, components formed a temperature-dependent simulation model which described the spring emergence of overwintered midges from 1979 to 1982. The model tended to predict emergence before it actually occurred in the field. This discrepancy was corrected by incorporating a 1.27-cm …

Temperature-Dependent Model For Development Of Nondiapausing Sorghum Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Frederick P. Baxendale, G. L. Teetes, P. J. H. Sharpe, H. Wu

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Constant-temperature development data were used to construct a temperature- dependent, two-component model for the development of nondiapausing sorghum midges, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett), from egg to adult emergence. When constant temperatures were between 20 and 36°C, nondiapausing midges completed development and emerged as adults. Development times decreased as temperature increased. Above 34°C, however, development times increased and numbers of emerged adults declined. A coupled poikilotherm rate equation and cumulative Weibull distribution provided accurate descriptions of the developmental data. Model simulations compared favorably with observed emergence of adult midges from johnsongrass and sorghum in the field throughout the season.

Evaluation Of Crop Rotation For Control Of Colorado Potato Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) In Commercial Potato Fields On Long Island, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) densities, potato defoliation levels, and grower insecticide use were monitored in commercial potato fields with differing rotational histories on Long Island, New York. Rotation for 1 year to a nonhost grain crop (rye or wheat) significantly reduced the pest status of L. decemlineata in the following year's potato crop. Early season (late May) adult densities were reduced 95.8% in three of four comparisons in 1982 and 69.5% in two of three comparisons in 1983. In one comparison each year, early season L. decemlineata densities were low in both the rotated and nonrotated fields due to past grower …

The Influence Of Edaphological Factors On The Biological Activity Of Selected Insecticides In Agricultural Soils, Bruce John Monke

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A rating system was developed to predict the mortality of southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) larvae used as test animals to bioasaay soil insecticides. The mortality probabilities, based on behavior of moribund larvae, resulted in data that was more consistent with the assumptions underlying parameteric statistics and provided more precision when compared to the usually accepted alternate method of considering moribund larvae as dead.

The rating system bioassay technique was used to study the effects of different soil factors on the relative decline in biological activity of six soil insecticides: carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, fonofos, isofenphos, phorate, and terbufos. …

Effects Of Diflubenzuron When Fed To Adult Female Alfalfa Weevils, Mohamed M. Middib

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this project was to evaluate diflubenzuron ovicidal effects on adult female alfalfa weevils Hypera postica in the laboratory. There was little relationship of weevil mortality to dosage or length of exposure of the adult to the chemical. An indirect result of diflubenzuron was an increase in muscardine fungus (Beauveria Sp.). Other effects of the chemical on the adults were yellow deposits and tissue extending from the tip of the abdomen.

The main effect of dilfubenzuron when fed to female alfalfa weevils was on the eggs. The effects were dosage related, especially on eggs viability. The viability was …

Management Of The Rice Tungro Virus Vector Nephotettix Virescens (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) With Controlled-Release Formulations Of Carbofuran, R. M. Wilkins, S. Batterby, E. A. Heinrichs, G. B. Aquino, S. L. Valencia

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Field trials were conducted in lowland flooded rice in the Philippines to evaluate a number of carbofuran controlled-release formulations in comparison with commercial formulations. The test formulations were based on a biodegradable matrix of pine kraft lignin and were used as granules of different sizes and also in the form of small strips. The release rates were assessed under field conditions by bioassaying rice plants in the field, using adult rice green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens Distant. The lignin formulations with a high level of active ingredient (15–45% by weight) gave as good or better control than the commercial 3% granules …

Life History Patterns Of Dytiscidae In A Temporary Pool, Annabel C. Blanco

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The Dytiscidae are one of the most distributed families of aquatic Coleoptera. In addition, they comprise one of the largest families in the order. With the exception of some European species, research in the ecology/life history of the Dytiscidae has been limited.

The patterns of appearance and disappearance of Dytiscidae were studied for one growing season, February to June, 1983, in a temporary pool in the Great Dismal Swamp. Fourteen species of larvae and twenty-four species of adults were collected. Definite temporal patterns were evident in larvae of Laccophilus spp., Laccornis difformis, Liodessus affinis, Uvarus granarius, Agabetes acuductus, and Hoperius …

Characterization Of The Dna And Chromosonal Analysis Of Embryonic Dermacentor Variabilis (Say) Cells In Culture, Stanley Nicholas Mason

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Cultured embryonic Dermacentor variabilis cells were examined by spectrophotometric techniques to determine total cellular DNA concentration and guanine-cytosine content of the DNA and by differential staining procedures to define the karyotype further. The cells were found to have a mean DNA content of 16.98 pg and a DNA guanine-cytosine content of 49%. Chromosome banding attempts resulted in the specific characterization of four chromosomes and differential grouping of the seven remaining chromosomes. A previously unreported submetacentric chromosome was identified.

Ecological And Evolutionary Considerations Of Large Scale Mosquito Control Programs, Harrison B. Tordoff

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

A Brief Overview Of The Life History, Physiology, And Ecology Of Minnesota Mosquitoes, Roger D. Moon

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The 51 species of mosquitoes known to occur in Minnesota share many biological attributes. They develop through seven life stages: an egg, four larval instars, a pupa, and an adult. Females lay eggs either on water or in substrates likely to be submerged later. Larvae and pupae occur in still , shallow water. Habitats vary among species and include tree holes, temporary snowmelt pools, rain pools, semi-permanent marshes, ponds, and riverside lagoons. Duration of the stages can be affected by diapause, temperature, and nutrition. Many species overwinter as dormant eggs, while some overwinter as larvae and others as diapausing females. …

Currently Existing Mosquito Control Programs In Minnesota, Arthur H. Mason, Doree A. Maser

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Mosquito Control in Minnesota is governed by three statutes: Local Pest Control 18.021 -18.022, Mosquito Abatement 18.041 -18.161, and Mosquito Control 473.701 -473.717. Of these only two are actively utilized, 18.021 -18.022 in outstate Minnesota and 473.701 -473.717 in the seven county metropolitan area. Local Pest Control Statute 18.021 -18.022 governs the control of many pests including mosquitoes. The statute is enforced by the Municipal Pest Control Section of the Division of Plant Industry in the Minnesota Department of Agriculture. Pesticides are generally applied to kill adult mosquitoes upon citizen demand.

Chemicals Used In Personal Mosquito Control (A Review), Thomas A. Lajiness

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The use of chemicals in personal mosquito control is summarized. The historical developments in chemical control agents are traced from essential oils to synthetic organic materials. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) are discussed, and the implications of SAR approaches in the development of future personal mosquito repellents are explored.

Allergies Related To Mosquitoes, Repellents, And Insecticides, James T.C. Li, Charles E. Reed

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Man's skin response to the mosquito bite exhibits great individual variability. The everyday immediate reaction consists o f a red, or erythematous wheal that lasts only one or two hours. Twenty to 24 hours after the mosquito bite, a delayed reaction of erythema, swelling, and itching may also occur. An individual may exhibit an immediate reaction, delayed reaction, both reactions, or neither reaction. Studies suggest that sensitization to mosquito saliva may be responsible for the inflammatory response. This hypothesis is supported by histologic studies which demonstrate striking infiltration of inflammatory cells at the site of mosquito bites. Severe local reactions …

Mosquitoes As Vectors Of Disease In Minnesota, John W. Washburn

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Diseases due to mosquito-borne viruses occur every summer in Minnesota. The incidence of Western encephalitis and LaCrosse encephalitis is usually low, but outbreaks of Western encephalitis have occurred in the past. Evidence of Jamestown Canyon virus activity has been found in Minnesota. This virus may represent a newly-recognized cause of central nervous system disease and encephalitis. The epidemiology of the mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses found in Minnesota and the methods of disease surveillance and control are discussed.

Technical Session - Panel Discussion, Questions, And Concluding Remarks

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Technical Session Summaries: Issues Relating To Mosquitoes And Their Management

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Public And Legislative Session Summaries

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Contributions To The Genetics Of Tribolium (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Aaron Brownlee

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Coniferous Forest Habitat Types Of Northern Utah, Ronald L. Mauk, Jan A. Henderson

The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography

Data from >1100 plots in coniferous forests of northern Utah and adjacent areas of Idaho and Wyoming were used to identify 8 climax series and 36 habitat types. Descriptions are given of each type with notes on potential productivity for timber and characteristics of site, climate and surface soil.

The Bush Tick, R B. Besier

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A newly discovered livestock parasite has focused attention on farms in the Walpole district in the south-west of Western Australia. Ticks submitted to the Department of Agriculture in December 983 were identified as the bush tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis. An intensive campaign to locate areas of infestation and to limit spread was started in January 1984.

The bush tick is a pest of livestock in some areas of New South Wales and Queensland. It is important in a narrow coastal strip from Sydney to Brisbane where total summer rainfall can exceed 1000 mm. In this area heavy tick infestation causes …

Polygynous Colonies Of The Red Imported Fire Ant In Florida, C. S. Lofgren, D. F. Williams

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

We report here the first occurrence in Florida of polygynous (multiple queen) colonies of the red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren. Polygynous strains of RIFA have been reported previously in Mississippi (Glancey et al. 1973 and Glancey et al. 1975), Texas (Hung et al. 1974 and Mirenda and Vinson 1982), Georgia and Louisiana (Fletcher 1983).

Selecting New Kinds Of Dung Beetles For Better Bush Fly Control, T J. Ridsdill-Smith

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Native dung beetles are found in south-western Australia, but they are largely restricted to areas of natural vegetation where they feed on dung pellets of marsupials.

When European man cleared the land, planted pastures and introduced cattle, he created a new type of environment which did not suit most native beetles. Cattle dung accumulated, and the bush fly Musca vetustissima, found this a very favourable breeding site.

In an attempt to correct this inbalance, other types of dung beetles addapted to living in open pastures are being introduced by CSIRO. These introduced beetles can reduce fly numbers by increasing the …

Physical, Chemical, And Biological Controls: Modern And Future Approaches To Mosquito Control, Max V. Meisch

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Effective mosquito management depends on a blending of many techniques. The primary technologies available are physical, chemical, and biological; and their continued improved usage is demanded. Chemicals are more contemporary. Modern organic insecticides were first used in 1943 with the advent of DDT usage. The judicious use of pesticides remains imperative in control methodology. However, a program optimizing non-chemical applications offers the best method for long-term success. A systems approach is needed regardless of strategies used. Basing strategies on objectives differs according to objectives of disease, annoyance, or livestock protection. The strategy is predicated on knowledge of the biology of …

Technical Session - Panel Discussion And Questions

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.