Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Plant Sciences (165)
- Agricultural Science (164)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (110)
- Environmental Sciences (102)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (79)
-
- Animal Diseases (64)
- Diseases (64)
- Animal Sciences (59)
- Beef Science (40)
- Poultry or Avian Science (11)
- Earth Sciences (8)
- Soil Science (8)
- Aquaculture and Fisheries (4)
- Dairy Science (4)
- Geography (4)
- Remote Sensing (4)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (4)
- Agriculture (2)
- Genetics and Genomics (2)
- Immunology and Infectious Disease (2)
- Sheep and Goat Science (2)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Food Microbiology (1)
- Food Science (1)
- Plant Pathology (1)
- Population Biology (1)
- Textile Engineering (1)
- Institution
- Keyword
-
- Biological control (45)
- Kenya (37)
- Maize (37)
- Chilo partellus (33)
- Busseola fusca (22)
-
- Parasitoids (21)
- Schistocerca gregaria (21)
- Stemborers (21)
- Anopheles gambiae (20)
- Stemborer (20)
- Cotesia flavipes (19)
- Africa (18)
- Cotesia sesamiae (17)
- Oviposition (17)
- Lepidoptera (16)
- Semiochemicals (16)
- Integrated pest management (15)
- Parasitoid (15)
- Pheromone (15)
- Temperature (15)
- Tsetse (15)
- Noctuidae (14)
- Food security (11)
- Push-pull (11)
- Sorghum (11)
- Diamondback moth (10)
- Metarhizium anisopliae (10)
- Pest management (10)
- Sesamia calamistis (10)
- Volatiles (10)
- Publication Year
- Publication
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 852
Full-Text Articles in Entomology
Variable Temperature And Moisture Requirements For Germination Within Populations Of Kochia (Bassia Scoparia) In Field Margins, Brian Schutte, Rebecca Creamer
Variable Temperature And Moisture Requirements For Germination Within Populations Of Kochia (Bassia Scoparia) In Field Margins, Brian Schutte, Rebecca Creamer
Entomology, Plant Pathology, & Weed Science: Datasets
No abstract provided.
Complex Interplay Between Facilitation And Competition In Two Invasive Fruit Pests Data, Eleanor Mccabe, Nicholas Teets Phd
Complex Interplay Between Facilitation And Competition In Two Invasive Fruit Pests Data, Eleanor Mccabe, Nicholas Teets Phd
Entomology Research Data
When one invasive species facilitates the invasion of another species, it can lead to invasional meltdown. However, when the two species depend on the same finite resource, facilitation and competition can occur simultaneously and impact population dynamics. Furthermore, factors like resource availability and population density could alter the balance between facilitation and competition. Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus are two invasive insect pests that infest small fruit crops. The co-localization of these species in the same fields, coupled with the fact that Z. indianus lacks a hardened ovipositor that can penetrate the skin of fruit, has led to the hypothesis …
A Bayesian Approach To The Analysis Of Dose-Response Data: Estimating Natural Survivorship Without Abbott’S Correction And Inclusion Of Overdispersion Estimates, Michael A. Caprio, Jose B. Malaquias, Dominic Reisig
A Bayesian Approach To The Analysis Of Dose-Response Data: Estimating Natural Survivorship Without Abbott’S Correction And Inclusion Of Overdispersion Estimates, Michael A. Caprio, Jose B. Malaquias, Dominic Reisig
CALS Publications
We assessed the utility of a Bayesian analysis of dose-mortality curves using probit analysis. A Bayesian equivalent of a conventional single population probit analysis using Abbott’s correction demonstrated the ability of the Bayesian model to recover parameters from generative data. We then developed a model that removed Abbott’s correction and estimated natural survivorship as part of the overall model fitting process. Based on WAIC (information content) scores, this model was selected over the model using Abbott’s corrected data in 196 out of 200 randomly generated datasets. This suggests that considerable information on control survivorship exists in the response to treated …
Description Of The Immature Stages Of Dacus Bivittatus (Diptera: Tephritidae), The Greater Pumpkin Fruit Fly, Gary J. Steck, Shepard Ndlela, Louis A. Somma, Jessica Diaz, Matthew R. Moore, Jessica Awad
Description Of The Immature Stages Of Dacus Bivittatus (Diptera: Tephritidae), The Greater Pumpkin Fruit Fly, Gary J. Steck, Shepard Ndlela, Louis A. Somma, Jessica Diaz, Matthew R. Moore, Jessica Awad
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
We describe the egg, three instars, and pupa of Dacus bivittatus Bigot using optical and scanning electron microscopy and compare them with those of other Dacus Fabricius species for which these stages have been described as well as those of two important pest species of Zeugodacus Hendel that infest cucurbits. A new anatomical term, lateral lips, is introduced to describe a feature of the facial mask. A feature of the egg that has not been reported previously for Tephritidae is described here: a peculiar arrangement of aeropyles in an irregular line partially encircling the egg near the posterior end. A …
Inventory Reveals Wide Biodiversity Of Edible Insects In The Eastern Democratic Republic Of Congo, Jackson Ishara, Rodrigue Ayagirwe, Katcho Karume, Gustave N. Mushagalusa, David Bugeme, Saliou Niassy, Patchimaporn Udomkun, John Kinyuru
Inventory Reveals Wide Biodiversity Of Edible Insects In The Eastern Democratic Republic Of Congo, Jackson Ishara, Rodrigue Ayagirwe, Katcho Karume, Gustave N. Mushagalusa, David Bugeme, Saliou Niassy, Patchimaporn Udomkun, John Kinyuru
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
In response to growing food demand, edible insects are perceived as an opportunity to alleviate food insecurity. With its wide edible insects’ biodiversity, the Democratic Republic of Congo is one of Africa’s most critical entomophagous. This study aimed at giving a first insight on inventory showing diversity, perception, consumption, availability, host plants, harvesting techniques and processing techniques of edible insects in South-Kivu, DRC. It recorded twenty-three edible insects belonging to nine families and five orders, some of which are consumed in the larval, adult, egg and pupa stages. Rhyncophorus phoenicis, Alphitobius diaperinus, Macrotermes subhyalinus and Acheta domesticus were the most …
Honey Compositional Convergence And The Parallel Domestication Of Social Bees, Pierre Noiset, Nathalie Cabirol, Marcelo Rojas-Oropeza, Natapot Warrit, Kiatoko Nkoba, Nicolas J. Vereecken
Honey Compositional Convergence And The Parallel Domestication Of Social Bees, Pierre Noiset, Nathalie Cabirol, Marcelo Rojas-Oropeza, Natapot Warrit, Kiatoko Nkoba, Nicolas J. Vereecken
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Honey collection evolved from simple honey hunting to the parallel and independent domestication of different species of bees in various parts of the world. In this study, we investigate the extent to which the composition of Apis and stingless bee honeys has been a driver in the selection of different bee species for domestication in Mesoamerica (Mexico) and Asia (Thailand) using a sampling design that combines peak honey profiling by H1 NMR spectroscopy with the collection of honeys from domesticated and undomesticated bee species. Our results show that, independently of the region of the world considered, domesticated stingless bees produce …
Gut Microbiota Shift In Layer Pullets Fed On Black Soldier Fly Larvae-Based Feeds Towards Enhancing Healthy Gut Microbial Community, Evalyne W. Ndotono, Fathiya M. Khamis, Joel L. Bargul, Chrysantus M. Tanga
Gut Microbiota Shift In Layer Pullets Fed On Black Soldier Fly Larvae-Based Feeds Towards Enhancing Healthy Gut Microbial Community, Evalyne W. Ndotono, Fathiya M. Khamis, Joel L. Bargul, Chrysantus M. Tanga
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Globally, most gut microbiota-related studies have focused on broilers due to their diverse microbial communities compared to that of layer chicken. However, in Africa few studies have been undertaken despite the increasing benefits to the poultry industry. The utilization of Insect-Based diets to improve the gastrointestinal function and gut health in poultry is increasingly gaining global attention. Here, we evaluated the potential roles of commercial black soldier fly larvae-based feeds (BSFLF) in reshaping the abundance, composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of layer chickens using high throughput Oxford nanopore Minion sequencing of the full length bacterial 16S rRNA gene. …
Genetics And Immunity Of Anopheles Response To The Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium Anisopliae Overlap With Immunity To Plasmodium, Tullu Bukhari, Vishukumar Aimanianda, Emmanuel Bischoff, Emma Brito-Fravallo, Karin Eiglmeier, Michelle M. Riehle, Kenneth D. Vernick, Christian Mitri
Genetics And Immunity Of Anopheles Response To The Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium Anisopliae Overlap With Immunity To Plasmodium, Tullu Bukhari, Vishukumar Aimanianda, Emmanuel Bischoff, Emma Brito-Fravallo, Karin Eiglmeier, Michelle M. Riehle, Kenneth D. Vernick, Christian Mitri
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Entomopathogenic fungi have been explored as a potential biopesticide to counteract the insecticide resistance issue in mosquitoes. However, little is known about the possibility that genetic resistance to fungal biopesticides could evolve in mosquito populations. Here, we detected an important genetic component underlying Anopheles coluzzii survival after exposure to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. A familiality study detected variation for survival among wild mosquito isofemale pedigrees, and genetic mapping identified two loci that significantly influence mosquito survival after fungus exposure. One locus overlaps with a previously reported locus for Anopheles susceptibility to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Candidate gene …
Nutrient Quality And Maturity Status Of Frass Fertilizer From Nine Edible Insects, Dennis Beesigamukama, Sevgan Subramanian, Chrysantus M. Tanga
Nutrient Quality And Maturity Status Of Frass Fertilizer From Nine Edible Insects, Dennis Beesigamukama, Sevgan Subramanian, Chrysantus M. Tanga
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Globally, there is growing interest to recycle organic waste using insect larvae into high-quality frass fertilizer through circular economy approach. This paper presents the first comparative report on the nutrient concentrations, fertilizing indices, nutrient supply potentials and compost maturity of nine edible insect frass fertilizers. Our results revealed that frass fertilizers from all the insect species had adequate concentrations and contents of macronutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K)], secondary nutrients (calcium, magnesium, and sulphur) and micro-nutrients (manganese, copper, iron, zinc, boron, and sodium). The fertilizing indices of the frass fertilizers were above 3. However, black soldier fly (BSF) frass …
The Effect Of Climate Variability In The Efficacy Of The Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium Acridum Against The Desert Locust Schistocerca Gregaria, Samuel F. Kamga, Frank T. Ndjomatchoua, Ritter A. Guimapi, Ingeborg Klingen, Clément Tchawoua, Anne Grete Roer Hjelkrem, Karl H. Thunes, Francois M. Kakmeni
The Effect Of Climate Variability In The Efficacy Of The Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium Acridum Against The Desert Locust Schistocerca Gregaria, Samuel F. Kamga, Frank T. Ndjomatchoua, Ritter A. Guimapi, Ingeborg Klingen, Clément Tchawoua, Anne Grete Roer Hjelkrem, Karl H. Thunes, Francois M. Kakmeni
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Despite substantial efforts to control locusts they remain periodically a major burden in Africa, causing severe yield loss and hence loss of food and income. Distribution maps indicating the value of the basic reproduction number R0 was used to identify areas where an insect pest can be controlled by a natural enemy. A dynamic process-based mathematical model integrating essential features of a natural enemy and its interaction with the pest is used to generate R0 risk maps for insect pest outbreaks, using desert locust and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum (Synn. Metarhizium anisoliae var. acridum) as a case study. This …
Transcriptomic Profiling Of Trypanosoma Congolense Mouthpart Parasites From Naturally Infected Flies, Sara Silva Pereira, Kawira Mathenge, Daniel Masiga, Andrew Jackson
Transcriptomic Profiling Of Trypanosoma Congolense Mouthpart Parasites From Naturally Infected Flies, Sara Silva Pereira, Kawira Mathenge, Daniel Masiga, Andrew Jackson
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Background: Animal African trypanosomiasis, or nagana, is a veterinary disease caused by African trypanosomes transmitted by tsetse flies. In Africa, Trypanosoma congolense is one of the most pathogenic and prevalent causes of nagana in livestock, resulting in high animal morbidity and mortality and extensive production losses. In the tsetse fly, parasites colonise the midgut and eventually reach the mouthparts, from where they can be transmitted as the fly feeds on vertebrate hosts such as cattle. Despite the extreme importance of mouthpart-form parasites for disease transmission, very few global expression profile studies have been conducted in these parasite forms. Methods: Here, …
The Distinctive Bionomics Of Aedes Aegypti Populations In Africa, David P. Tchouassi, Sheila B. Agha, Jandouwe Villinger, Rosemary Sang, Baldwyn Torto
The Distinctive Bionomics Of Aedes Aegypti Populations In Africa, David P. Tchouassi, Sheila B. Agha, Jandouwe Villinger, Rosemary Sang, Baldwyn Torto
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses of medical importance. Behavioral and biological attributes contribute to its vectorial capacity. The mosquito domestic form, which resides outside Africa (Ae. aegypti aegypti (Aaa)), is considered to breed in artificial containers in and around homes and preferentially feeds on human blood but commonly indulges in a plant diet. Potential divergence in these attributes, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where Aaa coexists with the forest ecotype (Ae. aegypti formosus), should impact the vectoring ability and hence disease epidemiology. A summary of current knowledge on Ae. aegypti blood feeding, oviposition, and …
Urbanization Of Aedes Mosquito Populations And Evolution Of Arboviral Disease Risk In Africa, Sheila B. Agha, David P. Tchouassi
Urbanization Of Aedes Mosquito Populations And Evolution Of Arboviral Disease Risk In Africa, Sheila B. Agha, David P. Tchouassi
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
The arboviral diseases dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever are re-merging and gaining a foothold in Africa, with a significant threat of large outbreaks in urban areas. Although their emergence is intimately linked to the primary vector Aedes aegypti, which thrives in urban environments, the risk of these diseases remains substantially heterogeneous in different geographic areas. Range expansion of invasive mosquito species Aedes albopictus, and colonization of urban habitats by sylvatic and peridomestic Aedes vectors, are likely to alter the diseases’ epidemiology. We discuss how a network of different vector species and perhaps vector subpopulations could interact with associated serotypes/genotypes/lineages of …
Contributions Of Black Locust (Robinia Pseudoacacia L.) To Livelihoods Of Peri-Urban Dwellers In The Free State Province Of South Africa, Gerald Chikowore, Frank Chidawanyika, Grant D. Martin
Contributions Of Black Locust (Robinia Pseudoacacia L.) To Livelihoods Of Peri-Urban Dwellers In The Free State Province Of South Africa, Gerald Chikowore, Frank Chidawanyika, Grant D. Martin
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a globally widespread tree of North American origin, considered as a tree of economic importance in some countries and regarded as disruptive invader in others. In South Africa, the species is categorised as a category1b invasive species which dictates the species as undesirable warranting management. We conducted a survey on how the tree has been integrated into livelihoods of peri-urban inhabitants in the eastern Free State Province of South Africa. Results showed that while the tree is currently being utilised by peri-urban dwellers, it is not the species of choice. Moreover, its contribution to …
Differential Responses Of Bactrocera Dorsalis And Its Parasitoids To Headspaces Of Different Varieties Of Tree-Attached Mango Fruits And The Associated Chemical Profiles, Raphael Njurai Miano, Samira A. Mohamed, Xavier Cheseto, Shepard Ndlela, Tibebe Dejene Biasazin, Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf, Egmont Rohwer, Teun Dekker
Differential Responses Of Bactrocera Dorsalis And Its Parasitoids To Headspaces Of Different Varieties Of Tree-Attached Mango Fruits And The Associated Chemical Profiles, Raphael Njurai Miano, Samira A. Mohamed, Xavier Cheseto, Shepard Ndlela, Tibebe Dejene Biasazin, Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf, Egmont Rohwer, Teun Dekker
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a major pest of fruits and vegetables worldwide with documented losses of up to 100%. Various management techniques including the use of parasitoids, such as Fopius arisanus (Sonan) and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) within the context of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach have been deployed for its control. The effectiveness of parasitoids is well understood, but knowledge of the semiochemicals that mediate their behavior, as well as that of the host fruit fly to tree-attached mangoes, is lacking. Here, we first compared the attractiveness of the above-mentioned fruit fly and its parasitoids to volatiles …
Influence Of Si In Maize Plants In Kenyan Populations Of Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Ovide Nuambote-Yobila, Boaz Musyoka, Elijah Njuguna, Anani Yaovi Bruce, Fathia Khamis, Sevgan Subramanian, Frédéric Marion-Poll, Paul André Calatayud
Influence Of Si In Maize Plants In Kenyan Populations Of Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Ovide Nuambote-Yobila, Boaz Musyoka, Elijah Njuguna, Anani Yaovi Bruce, Fathia Khamis, Sevgan Subramanian, Frédéric Marion-Poll, Paul André Calatayud
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), native to the Americas, was confirmed in West and Central Africa in 2016 and reported in almost all countries of sub-Saharan Africa in 2017, becoming thereafter one of the major constraints on the production of maize, the main staple food crop in the region. Cereals depend on silicon (Si)-based defences to fight off herbivores. Both FAW strains, namely rice and corn strains, have been found to be present in Kenya. The present study tested the influence of Si on larval survival and relative growth rate according to the FAW strain, using potted …
Occurrence And Density Of The Stink Bug Antestiopsis Thunbergii Gmelin 1790 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) And Related Egg-Parasitoids In Burundi Coffee Agroecosystems, Jean Mugishawimana, Lucy Kananu Murungi, Soter Ndihokubwayo, Anaclet Nibasumba, Julien Haran, Guillaume David
Occurrence And Density Of The Stink Bug Antestiopsis Thunbergii Gmelin 1790 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) And Related Egg-Parasitoids In Burundi Coffee Agroecosystems, Jean Mugishawimana, Lucy Kananu Murungi, Soter Ndihokubwayo, Anaclet Nibasumba, Julien Haran, Guillaume David
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Antestiopsis thunbergii is the most important coffee pest in Burundi causing yield losses of up to 30%. The aim of this study was to estimate its occurrence and density and to assess the species diversity of native egg-parasitoids associated to this pest in coffee agroecosystems. Our study was carried out in four coffee growing agro-ecological zones of Burundi namely; the humid west escarpments, the humid central highlands, the sub-humid central highlands and the sub-humid southeastern and northern depressions. In total, 600 coffee trees, randomly selected in 40 coffee plots of 20 communes were investigated at three phenological stages of the …
Evolving Dynamics Of Aedes-Borne Diseases In Africa: A Cause For Concern, Rosemary Sang, Joel Lutomiah, Edith Chepkorir, David P. Tchouassi
Evolving Dynamics Of Aedes-Borne Diseases In Africa: A Cause For Concern, Rosemary Sang, Joel Lutomiah, Edith Chepkorir, David P. Tchouassi
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Aedes-borne viruses, yellow fever (YF), dengue, Chikungunya and Zika are taking a huge toll on global health as Africa faces re-emergence with potential for massive human catastrophe. Transmission driven by diverse vectors in ecological settings that range from urban to rural and sylvatic habitats with human and nonhuman primate/reservoir activities across such habitats has facilitated virus movement and spillover to susceptible human populations. Approved vaccine exists for YF, although availability for routine and mass vaccination is often constrained. Integrating vector surveillance, understanding disease ecology with rationalised vaccination in high-risk areas (YF) remains important in disease prevention and control. We review …
Classical Biological Of Key Horticultural Pests In Africa: Successes, Challenges, And Opportunities, Samira A. Mohamed, Thomas Dubois, Abdelmutalab Ga Azrag, Shepard Ndlela, Peter Neuenschwander
Classical Biological Of Key Horticultural Pests In Africa: Successes, Challenges, And Opportunities, Samira A. Mohamed, Thomas Dubois, Abdelmutalab Ga Azrag, Shepard Ndlela, Peter Neuenschwander
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Classical biological control (CBC) is considered a safer and more sustainable alternative for management of alien-invasive species. This review presents recent advances in CBC of key horticultural insect pests using parasitoids in Africa. Several CBC programs have been undertaken targeting different insect pests of both fruits and vegetables, largely yielding outstanding success. Key obstacles impeding CBC and opportunities that could promote CBC in Africa are outlined. Also, very brief highlights on recent scientific and technological advances in modeling, integrative taxonomy and molecular tools, and endosymbionts that relate to CBC are provided.
Immersion In Hot Water As A Phytosanitary Treatment For Thaumatotibia Leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) In Bell Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.), Nelson L. Mwando, Shepard Ndlela, Rainer Meyhöfer, Sevgan Subramanian, Samira A. Mohamed
Immersion In Hot Water As A Phytosanitary Treatment For Thaumatotibia Leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) In Bell Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.), Nelson L. Mwando, Shepard Ndlela, Rainer Meyhöfer, Sevgan Subramanian, Samira A. Mohamed
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
The False codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta is a major quarantine pest that hampers Capsicum production and trade in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and may need a postharvest treatment to meet quarantine standards of lucrative overseas markets. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of hot water treatment (HWT) as a potential nonchemical quarantine control option against T. leucotreta in bell pepper and its effect on the quality parameters of the peppers. Infested bell pepper harboring different immature stages of T. leucotreta were subjected to a hot water treatment of 50 ± 0.2 °C for eight different time-points to determine heat …
Parasitisation Of Weaver Ants By A Species Of Smicromorpha Girault (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae: Smicromorphinae) And Unequivocal Evidence Of Its Presence In The Afrotropical Region, Robert S. Copeland, Bethelihem Mekonnen, Gerard Delvare
Parasitisation Of Weaver Ants By A Species Of Smicromorpha Girault (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae: Smicromorphinae) And Unequivocal Evidence Of Its Presence In The Afrotropical Region, Robert S. Copeland, Bethelihem Mekonnen, Gerard Delvare
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Smicromorpha Girault (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) is distributed in the old world tropics and subtropics from Australia through New Guinea, Southeast and South Asia. Since its original description in 1913 conclusive evidence of its host has been lacking although it has been collected in association with weaver ants (Oecophylla spp.; Formicidae: Formicinae) either in proximity to ant nests or, on one occasion, reared from one. In this paper we report the presence of Smicromorpha pupae within the gaster of Oecophylla longinoda workers from a nest collected in coastal Kenya. This discovery extends the distribution of Smicromorpha to the Afrotropical Region and demonstrates …
Differential Immune Responses In New And Old Fruit Fly-Parasitoid Associations: Implications For Their Management, Rehemah Gwokyalya, Jeremy K. Herren, Christopher W. Weldon, Fathiya M. Khamis, Shepard Ndlela, Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed
Differential Immune Responses In New And Old Fruit Fly-Parasitoid Associations: Implications For Their Management, Rehemah Gwokyalya, Jeremy K. Herren, Christopher W. Weldon, Fathiya M. Khamis, Shepard Ndlela, Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and marula fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker), are major fruit-infesting tephritids across sub-Saharan Africa. Biological control of these pests using parasitic wasps has been widely adopted but with varying levels of success. Most studies investigating host-parasitoid models have focused on functional and evolutionary aspects leaving a knowledge gap about the physiological mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of parasitoids as biocontrol agents of tephritids. To better understand these physiological mechanisms, we investigated changes in the cellular immune responses of C. cosyra and B. dorsalis when exposed to the parasitic wasps, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmaed) and Psyttalia …
Entomological Assessment Of Tsetse-Borne Trypanosome Risk In The Shimba Hills Human-Wildlife-Livestock Interface, Kenya, Faith I. Ebhodaghe, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Michael N. Okal, Daniel K. Masiga
Entomological Assessment Of Tsetse-Borne Trypanosome Risk In The Shimba Hills Human-Wildlife-Livestock Interface, Kenya, Faith I. Ebhodaghe, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Michael N. Okal, Daniel K. Masiga
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Shimba Hills is a wildlife area in Kenya and a major focus of tsetse-borne trypanosomes in East Africa. In Shimba Hills, tsetse-borne trypanosomes constrain animal health and smallholder livelihoods. However, epidemiological data to guide hotspot-targeted control of infections are limited. This study assessed the dynamics of tsetse-borne trypanosome risk in Shimba Hills with the objective to describe infection hotspots for targeted control. Tsetse flies (n = 696) collected in field surveys between November 2018 and September 2019 in Shimba Hills were characterized for chronological age and phenotypic sizes and screened for trypanosome and cattle DNA. Entomological inoculation rates for trypanosome …
Larval Exposure To Parasitic Varroa Destructor Mites Triggers Specific Immune Responses In Different Honey Bee Castes And Species, Yu Fang, Abebe Jenberie Wubie, Mao Feng, Chuan Ma, Boris Baer, Jianke Li
Larval Exposure To Parasitic Varroa Destructor Mites Triggers Specific Immune Responses In Different Honey Bee Castes And Species, Yu Fang, Abebe Jenberie Wubie, Mao Feng, Chuan Ma, Boris Baer, Jianke Li
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Innate immune systems are key defenses of animals and particularly important in species that lack the sophisticated adaptive immune systems as found in vertebrates. Here, we were interested to quantify variation in innate immune responses of insects in hosts that differ in their parasite susceptibility. To do this, we studied immune responses in honey bees, which can host a remarkable number of different parasites, which are major contributors of declining bee health and colony losses. The most significant parasite of honey bees is the mite Varroa destructor, which has infested the majority of global honey bee populations, and its control …
Integrated Management Of Spodoptera Frugiperda 6 Years Post Detection In Africa: A Review, Ghislain T. Tepa-Yotto, Peter Chinwada, Ivan Rwomushana, Georg Goergen, Sevgan Subramanian
Integrated Management Of Spodoptera Frugiperda 6 Years Post Detection In Africa: A Review, Ghislain T. Tepa-Yotto, Peter Chinwada, Ivan Rwomushana, Georg Goergen, Sevgan Subramanian
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
The introduction of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on the African continent has led to paradigm shifts in pest control in maize systems, occasioned by year-round populations. The discovery of resident parasitoid species adapting to the new pest significantly informed decision-making toward avoiding highly hazardous synthetic insecticides to control the pest. A number of biopesticides have shown promise against the fall armyworm, providing a new arsenal for the sustainable management of this invasive pest. However, a few knowledge gaps remain for a fully integrated and sustainable FAW-management approach, particularly on host-resistance potential.
Dynamics In Nutrients, Sterols And Total Flavonoid Content During Processing Of The Edible Long-Horned Grasshopper (Ruspolia Differens Serville) For Food, Brian O. Ochieng, Joseph O. Anyango, John M. Nduko, Xavier Cheseto, Cynthia M. Mudalungu, Fathiya M. Khamis, Changeh J. Ghemoh, Peter J. Egonyu, Sevgan Subramanian, Dorothy Nakimbugwe, Geoffrey Ssepuuya, Chrysantus M. Tanga
Dynamics In Nutrients, Sterols And Total Flavonoid Content During Processing Of The Edible Long-Horned Grasshopper (Ruspolia Differens Serville) For Food, Brian O. Ochieng, Joseph O. Anyango, John M. Nduko, Xavier Cheseto, Cynthia M. Mudalungu, Fathiya M. Khamis, Changeh J. Ghemoh, Peter J. Egonyu, Sevgan Subramanian, Dorothy Nakimbugwe, Geoffrey Ssepuuya, Chrysantus M. Tanga
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Long-horned grasshopper (Ruspolia differens Serville) is a tasty delicacy in over 20 African countries. This study evaluated the impact of diverse post-harvest thermal treatment (blanching, boiling, toasting, and deep-frying) on the nutrients, total flavonoid content and sterols preservation of R. differens products. Crude protein, ash, and fibre of R. differens was drastically reduced by deep-frying technique. There was increase in Omega-3 (α-linolenic acid), Omega-6 fatty acid (linoleic and arachidonic acids) and sterols [(22Z)-27-Norergosta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, cholesterol, campesterol, cholest-4-ene-3-one and β-sitosterol] and flavonoids (2–3 folds) during blanching compared to other techniques. The iron and zinc content increased significantly in blanched and boiled products …
Biological Control Interventions And Botanical Pesticides For Insect Pests Of Crops In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Mapping Review, Fabrizia Ratto, Toby Bruce, Gilson Chipabika, Sithembile Mwamakamba, Rachel Mkandawire, Zeyaur Khan, Angela Mkindi, Jimmy Pittchar, Frank Chidawanyika, Susannah M. Sallu, Stephen Whitfield, Kenneth Wilson, Steven M. Sait
Biological Control Interventions And Botanical Pesticides For Insect Pests Of Crops In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Mapping Review, Fabrizia Ratto, Toby Bruce, Gilson Chipabika, Sithembile Mwamakamba, Rachel Mkandawire, Zeyaur Khan, Angela Mkindi, Jimmy Pittchar, Frank Chidawanyika, Susannah M. Sallu, Stephen Whitfield, Kenneth Wilson, Steven M. Sait
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Agricultural productivity can be increased sustainably in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by reducing crop losses due to insect pest damage. As an alternative to environmentally-damaging chemical pesticides, biological control interventions and botanical pesticides show potential to achieve both high yields and profits. However, synthesized information of their performance and understanding of their adoption among smallholder farmers is limited. Here, 173 studies of biological control interventions and botanical pesticides of insect pests for 35 crops from 20 sub-Saharan countries from 2005 to 2021 were systematically reviewed. Drawing on published datasets, we found that cereals, particularly maize, were the most studied crop (59%). …
Disentangling Thermal Effects Using Life Cycle Simulation Modelling On The Biology And Demographic Parameters Of Dolichogenidea Gelechiidivoris, A Parasitoid Of Tuta Absoluta, Pascal O. Aigbedion-Atalor, Martin P. Hill, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Myron P. Zalucki, Samira A. Mohamed
Disentangling Thermal Effects Using Life Cycle Simulation Modelling On The Biology And Demographic Parameters Of Dolichogenidea Gelechiidivoris, A Parasitoid Of Tuta Absoluta, Pascal O. Aigbedion-Atalor, Martin P. Hill, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Myron P. Zalucki, Samira A. Mohamed
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris (Marsh) (Syn. Apanteles gelechiidivoris) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a konoibiont larval endoparasitoid of the South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), was imported into Kenya in 2017 for the first classical biological control of T. absoluta in Africa. We determined the thermal thresholds of D. gelechiidivoris, with T. absoluta as host, using life cycle simulation modelling. Life-table data of D. gelechiidivoris were generated at six constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C, 65 ± 5% RH, and 12L: 12D photoperiod). Multiple non-linear functions were fitted to model some aspects of the biology of the parasitoid, including its …
A Fungal-Based Pesticide Does Not Harm Pollination Service Provided By The African Stingless Bee Meliponula Ferruginea On Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus), Evanson R. Omuse, Saliou Niassy, Nkoba Kiatoko, H. Michael G. Lattorff, John M. Wagacha, Thomas Dubois
A Fungal-Based Pesticide Does Not Harm Pollination Service Provided By The African Stingless Bee Meliponula Ferruginea On Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus), Evanson R. Omuse, Saliou Niassy, Nkoba Kiatoko, H. Michael G. Lattorff, John M. Wagacha, Thomas Dubois
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) provide pollination services to crops and produce high–quality honey. The application of agrochemicals during the management of crop pests is an increasing threat to pollinators and the ecosystem services they provide. Biopesticides are considered as better alternatives; however, there is limited evidence of their impact on stingless bees. We evaluated the effect of the most widely used African fungal biopesticide (Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69) on mortality, foraging behavior and pollination success of the African stingless bee Meliponula ferruginea under semi-field conditions. Colonies of M. ferruginea were introduced into four 24 m2 greenhouse compartments containing blooming cucumber …
Influence Of The Type Of Pollen Diet On The Survival, Body Weight, And Immune Response In The African Honeybee, Michael N.K. Muturi, Joel L. Bargul, H. Michael G. Lattorff
Influence Of The Type Of Pollen Diet On The Survival, Body Weight, And Immune Response In The African Honeybee, Michael N.K. Muturi, Joel L. Bargul, H. Michael G. Lattorff
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Pollen nutrition is critical for the development and well-being of the honeybee. Previous studies have compared the effect of pollen and carbohydrate-only diet on honeybee physiology. The effect of a monofloral versus polyfloral diet on the African honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata) is poorly understood. This knowledge is critical as diversity-rich habitats are being altered to less diverse environments through increased urbanization and intensified agricultural activities, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we report how lowly diverse (LD) and highly diverse (HD) pollen diets influence honeybee life-history traits and physiology. To achieve this, we fed caged bees with the two pollen diets …