Entomology Commons^™

Interrelationship Among Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) Damage Parameters And Their Contribution To Grain Yield Reduction In Maize (Zea Mays L.), S. O. Ajala, K. N. Saxena

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Understanding the relationship among the spotted stem borer (Chilo partellus) damage parameters and grain yield reduction on maize (Zea mays L.) will aid in elucidation of the most important damage parameters that reduce yield, and may consequently lead to development of functional criteria to quantify tolerance and resistance. Correlations, stepwise multiple regressions and path coefficient analyses were used to study the interrelationship among the three damage parameters (foliar lesions, dead heart and stem tunnelling) and their contribution to grain yield reduction using three separate groups of genotypes in trials conducted between 1990 and 1991. Foliar lesions and stem tunnelling were …

Detection Of Trypanosome Infections In The Saliva Of Tsetse Flies And Buffy-Coat Samples From Antigenaemic But Aparasitaemic Cattle, P. A.O. Majiwa, R. Thatthi, S. K. Moloo, J. H.P. Nyeko

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Relatively simple protocols employing non-radioactive DNA probes have been used for the detection of African trypano-somes in the blood of mammalian hosts and the saliva of live tsetse flies. In combination with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the protocols revealed trypanosomes in buffy-coat samples from antigenaemic but aparasitaemic cattle and in the saliva of live, infected tsetse flies. Furthermore, the protocols were used to demonstrate concurrent natural infections of single tsetse flies with different species of African trypanosomes. © 1994, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.

Grain Yield Losses In Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes In Relation To Their Resistance Against Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) Infestation At Anthesis, Harish Kumar, Gershon O. Asino

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Resistance/susceptibility of 12 maize genotypes to stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was measured under artificial infestation at the time of anthesis during the short rainy seasons of 1989/90 and 1990/91. The maize genotypes tested were Inbred A (Kenya), Pwani hybrid (Kenya), Hybrid 511 (Kenya), ICZ2-CM (CIMMYT), MBR-8637 (CIMMYT), MBR-8650 (CIMMYT), MBR-8668 (CIMMYT), Poza Rica 7832 (CIMMYT), Mp704 (USDA), Katumani Composite B (Kenya), Bulk CG 4141 (Zambia), and MMV 400 (Zambia). Under low infestation (50-60 eggs per plant), the differences between susceptible and resistant genotypes in terms of stalk damage or grain damage were not apparent, whereas under high …

Genetic Variability In Developing Periodical Cicadas, Alvan A. Karlin, Eric C. Stout, Lance T. Adams, Lisa R. Duke, James J. English

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

There are few events in nature that are more predictable than the emergence of periodical cicadas. The insects emerge from the ground after 13 or 17 years (depending on brood and species) of development. Karlin et al., (1991) biochemically examined over 750 Magicicada tredecassini belonging to Brood XIX which emerged during the spring of 1985. In this study they found evidence for rapid deterioration of heterozygosity for two esterase loci,Gi-3-pdh and Gpi, and suggested that this deterioration may be related to differential mating classes. To test this hypothesis, we re-sampled from this same brood at the same location during fall …

Burying Beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae, Nicrophorus) Surveys On Poteau Ranger District, Ouachita National Forest, Joseph C. Neal, M. Earl Stewart, Warren G. Montague

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Surveys for American burying beetles {Nicrophorus americanus Oliver) were conducted in west-central Arkansas on Poteau Ranger District of the Ouachita National Forest in1992 and 1993. A total of 2450 Nicrophorus specimens were captured in1098 trap nights. The most frequently captured specimens were N. orbicollis, N. tomentosus, and N. pustulatus. One specimen of N. americanus was also captures. Other species of beetles were also trapped and identified in this survey. Habitats sampled were primarily well-drained uplands with proposed or recent harvests of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata). It appears that these habitats may not harbor extensive populations of N. americanus onPoteau RD.

Aquatic Macrophytes Of Two Small Northwest Arkansas Reservoirs, John J. Sullivan, Arthur V. Brown

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Lake Fayetteville and Lake Wedington are small reservoirs of about the same size and age that are located in northwestern Arkansas. We collected macrophytes from eleven transects around each reservoir in the autumn of 1993. Justicia (waterwillow), Typha (cat-tail), Scirpus (bulrush), Potamogeton (pondweed), and Zannichellia (horned pondweed) occur in both reservoirs. Justicia occurs most commonly in both reservoirs. The macrophytes of Lake Wedington are organized in a characteristic zonation pattern with bands from shore toward open water of emergent, floating-leaved, then submersed macrophytes. Macrophyte zonation was not as evident in Lake Fayetteville because of the low occurrence of floating leaved …

Screening Sunflower For Tolerance To Sunflower Midge Using The Synthetic Auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Gary J. Brewer, Marc D. Anderson, N. V. Rama Raje Urs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The sunflower midge, Contarinia schulzi Gagné, causes economic damage by inducing abnormal growth in infested heads (capitula) of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether sunflower midge damage could be simulated and whether that simulated damage could be used to select midge-tolerant sunflower germplasm. An additional objective was to develop a quantitative alternative to the scoring systems used to visually estimate damage. Sunflower plants were treated by injecting buds with the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which resulted in a distortion of the head morphology that was similar in appearance to the damage …

Population Genetics And Gene Variation In Primary And Secondary Screwworm (Diptera : Calliphoridae), David B. Taylor, Richard D. Peterson Ii

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Allozyme variation in screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), and secondary screwworm, C. macellaria (F.), populations from northwest Costa Rica was examined . Variability was observed in 11 of 13 enzyme loci and the frequency of the most common allele was <0.95 for 5 loci in screwworm . In secondary screwworm, 12 of 13 loci were variable and the frequency of the most common allele was <0.95 for 6 loci . Expected heterozygosities were 0.149 and 0.160 for screwworm and secondary screwworm, respectively. Goodness-of-fit statistics for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and Wrights F statistics indicated that both species are panmictic with no evidence of population substructuring. Nei ' s genetic distances were 0.000–0.001 for intraspecific comparisons and 0.899–0.916 for interspecific comparisons. The data indicate a high level of gene flow between populations within each species.

Rice Pests In The Ivory Coast, West Africa: Farmers’ Perceptions And Management Strategies, A. A. Adesina, D. E. Johnson, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

An understanding of farmers’ perceptions of pests and their existing pest control methods can make an important contribution to the development of effective integrated pest management strategies. While the relatively successful rice IPM technologies in Asia have been extensively documented in studies examining farmers’ pest perceptions and management practices, studies examining, specifically, perceptions and management practices of West African rice farmers are rare. This may reflect the more limited success to date in the implementation of rice IPM strategies in the region. This paper describes rice pests, pest perceptions, and management practices of smallholder rice farmers in the Ivory Coast. …

Flight Behavior And Seasonal Trapping Of Rhynchophorus Cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Thomas J. Weissling, Robin M. Giblin-Davis, Barbara J. Center, Tak Hiyakawa

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Flight behavior, activity, and seasonal variation in capture of Rhynchophorus cruentatus (F.) were investigated. Response of R. cruentatus to traps baited with palm tissue was assessed at four locations in Florida over a 12- to 18-mo period. Capture of weevils varied by location and through time. Average temperature, the difference between high and low temperature, and total rainfall during trapping periods were not correlated with seasonal trends, but capture peaked in the spring following rise in temperature. Preflight behaviors of R. cruentatus were consistent for all weevils tested. Weevils preparing for flight first wipe their rostrum with the prothoracic legs, …

Development Of Multiple Pest Resistant Crop Cultivars, Elvis A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Insects are one, among a number, of biotic and abiotic constraints that limit the production of food crops. Entomologists can play a key role in increasing food production through the development of insect-resistant crop cultivars. Resistant cultivars are sought as a major tactic in the development of IPM strategies and have been shown to be compatible with biological, chemical and cultural control tactics. There has been significant progress in the breeding and commercial utilization of multiple pest resistant crop cultivars having resistance to insects, diseases and nematodes. The most notable examples are rice cultivars which are grown on millions of …

Eicosanoids Mediate Insect Nodulation Responses To Bacterial Infections, Jon S. Miller, Tuanh Nguyen, David W. Stanley-Samuelson

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

We propose that nodule formation is mediated by eicosanoids in insects. Nodulation is the temporally and quantitatively predominant cellular defense response to bacterial infection in insects and other invertebrates. Inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis in larvae of the tobacco hornworn Manduca sexta immediately prior to intrahemocoelic infections with the bacterium Serratia marcescens strongly reduced the nodulation response. Inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis also reduced formation of cellular aggregates at 1 hr postinfection, which indicates that eicosanoids mediate early stages of nodulation. Separate treatments with specific inhibitors of phospholipase A₂, cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase reduced nodulation, which supports the view that nodule …

Subcellular Distribution And Characterization Of Esterase Isozymes From Insecticide-Resistant And -Susceptible Strains Of German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blatlellidae), Suresh K. Prabhakaran, Shripat T. Kamble

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Esterases from insecticide-resistant and -susceptible strains of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), were isolated and analyzed for differences in activity. The isozymes E5, E6, E7, and E8 of resistant strains indicated about two- to fivefold increases in activity compared with those of the susceptible strain. These isozymes constituted ≈60% of the total activity in the resistant strains, whereas they contributed only about 40% activity in the susceptible strain. Subcellular distribution studies showed that most esterase activity is present in the 100,000 x g fraction of the homogenate (cytosolic). Only a small portion of activity was membrane bound. Molecular weights of …

Registration Of Eight Hessian Fly Resistant Common Winter Wheat Germplasm Lines (Carol, Erin, Flynn, Iris, Joy, Karen, Lola, And Molly), F. L. Patterson, F. B. Maas Iii, John E. Foster, R. H. Ratcliffe, S. Cambron, G. Safranski, P. L. Taylor, H. W. Ohm

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Eight genes for resistance to Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), were transferred individually by backcrossing and selfing into 'Newton' (Cl 17715) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a commercial hard red winter cultivar susceptible to all Hessian fly biotypes to which it has been tested. The eight germplasm lines (Table 1) were developed by the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the USDAARS, with release in 1993. Newton is the source of the cytoplasm of the germplasm lines. Newton has a moderate level of winterhardiness suitable for commercial production in Kansas. The germplasm lines have not been tested adequately …

Parasitism Of Amblyomma Variegatum By A Hymenopteran Parasitoid In The Laboratory, And Some Aspects Of Its Basic Biology, Esther N. Mwangi, Godwin P. Kaaya, Suliman Essuman, Mark G. Kimondo

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Unfed Amblyomma variegatum F. nymphs were experimentally infected in the laboratory with a hymenopteran parasitoid, Ixodiphagus hookeri (Howard). The parasitoid was originally obtained from ticks collected from cattle in the Trans-Mara area of Kenya where it naturally infects 50% of A. variegatum nymphs. In the field, nymphs collected from cattle were found to be infected, but not those collected from grass. The optimum temperature for emergence of parasitoids from the nymphs in the laboratory was 28°C, but emerged parasitoids were more active and survived longer at 22°C. There was a higher proportion of parasitoid nonemergence from laboratory-infected than from the …

Nebline, December 1993

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Horticulture

Rural $ense

Human Resources

4-H & Youth

Environmental Focus

Community & Leadership Development

Extension Calendar

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

Bulletin 4265 - Termites, Peter Davis

Bulletins 4000 -

Termites are small, soft-bodied, social insects that feed on wood, grass, dead leaves, bark, humus, fungi or the dung of herbivore. They are commonly known as white ants, but are not related to true ants.

There are over 2300 species of termite of which about350 occur in Australia, and of these about 12 damage sound timber.

The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant

The Mayfly Newsletter

The Mayfly Newsletter is the official newsletter of the Permanent Committee of the International Conferences on Ephemeroptera.

New Species Of Hydrellia (Diptera: Ephydridae) From The Southern United States, D. L. Deonier

Insecta Mundi

Five new species of Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy are described from localities in Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas. H. alabamae, n. sp. was first collected on water primrose in northern Alabama and later in northern Florida on Nuphar and Nymphoides. At present, there is no indication about potential host plant species. H. naiadis, n. sp. was reared from Najas guadalupensis (Spreng) Morong in northern Florida and later collected throughout the state and also in southeastern Texas. H. apalachee, n. sp., first collected in northern Florida and later in northern Alabama, is unique among described Hydrellia in having a …

A New Genus And Two New Species Of Luperini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) From Costa Rica, Shawn M. Clark

Insecta Mundi

Inbioluperus (new genus), I. flowersi (new species), and I. costipennis (new species) are all described from Costa Rica.

United States Patent: 609 Buffalograss, Terrance P. Riordan, Frederick P. Baxendale, Susan De Shazer, Edward Kinbacher, Jeana Svoboda, Milton Engelke, Leonard Wit, Jr.

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A vegetatively reproduced buffalograss cultivar, named 609 Buffalograss, is distinguished by its excellent overall turfgrass quality, rate of establishment, good cold tolerance, high density, and excellent color. This cultivar is adapted to low maintenance conditions and has the ability to maintain growth and color later into the fall than other warm season grasses.

Nebline, November 1993

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Horticulture

Rural $ense

Human Resources

4-H & Youth

Environmental Focus

Community & Leadership Development

Extension Calendar

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

Nebline, October 1993

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Food, Families, and Finance

The Cloverline: 4-H News & Events

Extension Calendar

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

Weed Awareness Special Edition

Affects Of Larval Injury By Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) On Gas Exchange Parameters Of Field Corn, L. D. Godfrey, Lance J. Meinke, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The effect of larval-induced root injury by western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, on plant physiological parameters of field corn (Zea mays L.) was examined in a 2-yr field study. Controlled infestations of 200, 500, and 1,000 eggs per 30.5 row-cm were established in an irrigated, silty clay loam soil in 1989 and in silty clay loam, loam, and sandy loam soil textures with irrigated and dryland treatments in 1990. Infestations were made 16 d after planting and at planting in 1989 and 1990, respectively. Gas exchange parameters were examined before egg hatch, during the injury period, and …

Vegetative And Reproductive Biomass Accumulation In Field Corn: Response To Root Injury By Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), L. D. Godfrey, Lance J. Meinke, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A 2-yr field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of larval injury by western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, on vegetative and reproductive biomass accumulation of field corn, Zea mays L. Studies in 1989 were conducted in irrigated, silty clay loam soil, whereas in 1990, the possible interacting effects of soil texture (silty clay loam, loam, and sandy loam) and soil moisture (furrow-irrigated and dryland) were examined. In both years, during the early phases of injury (feeding by first and second instars), the vegetative biomass was detrimentally affected. Larval infestations reduced leaf area and leafwet weight by up …

Efficacy And Persistence Of Steinernema Carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinemematidae) Applied Through A Center-Pivot Irrigation System Against Larval Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Robert J. Wright, J. F. Witkowski, G. Echtenkamp, R. Georgis

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

We evaluated control of natural and artificially infested populations of larval com rootworms (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte and D. barberi Smith & Lawrence) in corn (Zea mays L.) treated with entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser); All strain, applied after planting through a center-pivot irrigation system at 2.5 and 1.2 x 10⁹ infective juvenile nematodes per hectare. We compared control achieved with nematodes with that achieved with planting time applications of terbufos (Counter 15G [granular]; 9.9 kg [AI]/ha) and chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 4E [emulsion]; 1.12 kg [AI]/ha) applied after planting through an irrigation system, and with an untreated (water …

Nebline, September 1993

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Food, Families, and Finance

The Cloverline: 4-H News & Events Extension Calendar

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

Rural Resource Guide Special Edition

A Synopsis Of Central American And Caribbean Oxybelus (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae), Richard M. Bohart

Insecta Mundi

The 37 recognized Oxybelus of Central America and the Caribbean are listed, a key given, and the critical thoracic projections figured for many of the species. New species are coloratus (Mexico), irwini (El Salvador), jamaicae (Jamaica), melanitus (Mexico), morrisoni (Puerto Rico), propodealis (Honduras), rhodopyga (Mexico), and romingeri (Hispaniola). New synonyms of mexicanus Robertson 1889 are frontalis Robertson 1889, bugabensis Cameron 1891, and longispina Cameron 1891.

A Critical Taxonomic Analysis Of The Hydrellia Pakistanae Species Group (Diptera: Ephydridae), D. L. Deonier

Insecta Mundi

Critical taxonomic analysis of the Hydrellia pakistanae species group yielded H. pakistanae Deonier, H. sarahae, n.sp. (composed of H. sarahae sarahae, n.ssp. in China and H. sarahae laticapsula, n.ssp. in India and Pakistan), H. balciunasi Bock known only from Australia, and a related species, H. bogorae, n.sp. from Java, Indonesia. These species all have the same primary host-plant species, i.e., Hydrilla verticillata, a fact making them all potential biocontrol agents for this aquatic plant pest in North America and other areas where it has pest status. Morphology is summarized as well as perceived synapomorphies of …

Evidence For Volatile Male-Produced Pheromone In Banana Weevil Cosmopolites Sordidus, William J. Budenberg, Isaiah O. Ndiege, Florence W. Karago

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Females of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, were attracted to and made longer visits to live conspecific males, trapped volatiles from males, and dissected male hindguts in a still-air olfactometer. Male weevils were attracted to volatiles trapped from males and made longer visits to live males and volatiles from males. Live females, collected volatiles from females and female hindguts, elicited small or no behavioral responses from either sex. Electroantennogram (EAG) responses from both male and female antennae were elicited by collected volatiles from males and by dichloromethane extracts of male hindguts and bodies but not by surface washes of males. …