Animal Sciences Commons^™

Acarine Biodiversity In Ecuador: Two New Species Of Endoparasitic Chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae) From Terrestrial Andean Anurans, Ricardo Guerrero, Mario Humberto Yánez-Muñoz

MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity

Two species of endoparasitic chiggers, Vercammenia neotropica n. sp. and Microtrombicula ecuadorensis n. sp., are described, both found in terrestrial anurans of the genus Pristimantis collected in the Andes of Ecuador. A new combination is proposed for Trombicula yorkei Sambon, 1928 as Microtrombicula yorkei (Sambon, 1928) n. comb., and Schoengastia lynni Ewing, 1942 is placed as incertae sedis. This is the first record of species of the genus Vercammenia in the Neotropical region.

Resumen

Dos especies de ácaros endoparásitos, Vercammenia neotropica n. sp. y Microtrombicula ecuadorensis n. sp., son descritas, ambas encontradas en anuros terrestres del género Pristimantis …

Comparative Investigations Of Social Context-Dependent Dominance In Captive Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes) And Wild Tibetan Macaques (Macaca Thibetana), Jake A. Funkhouser, Jessica A. Mayhew, Lori K. Sheeran, John B. Mulcahy, Jin-Hua Lee

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Theoretical definitions of dominance, how dominance is structured and organized in nature, and how dominance is measured have varied as investigators seek to classify and organize social systems in gregarious species. Given the variability in behavioral measures and statistical methods used to derive dominance rankings, we conducted a comparative analysis of dominance using existing statistical techniques to analyze dominance ranks, social context-dependent dominance structures, the reliability of statistical analyses, and rank predictability of dominance structures on other social behaviors. We investigated these topics using behavioral data from captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and wild Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana). We used a …

Searching Images And The Meaning Of Alarm Calls, Alan B. Bond

Alan Bond Publications

The snake alarm call of Japanese tits prompts nesting adults to search for and mob the reptile until it is driven away. From playback experiments, Suzuki (2018) has inferred that the call provides an associative cue, evoking a searching image of the salient visual features of the predator—a novel approach to exploring visual attention and vocal communication in the wild.

Looking On The Bright Side Of Livestock Emotions—The Potential Of Their Transmission To Promote Positive Welfare, Luigi Baciadonna, Sandra Duepjan, Elodie Briefer, Mónica Padilla De La Torre, Christian Nawroth

Emotion Collection

Emotions can be defined as an individual’s affective reaction to an external and/or internal event that, in turn, generates a simultaneous cascade of behavioral, physiological, and cognitive changes. Those changes that can be perceived by conspecifics have the potential to also affect other’s emotional states, a process labeled as “emotional contagion.” Especially in the case of gregarious species, such as livestock, emotional contagion can have an impact on the whole group by, for instance, improving group coordination and strengthening social bonds. We noticed that the current trend of research on emotions in livestock, i.e., investigating affective states as a tool …

Welfare-Adjusted Life Years (Waly): A Novel Metric Of Animal Welfare That Combines The Impacts Of Impaired Welfare And Abbreviated Lifespan, Kendy Tzu-Yun Teng, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Charline Maerten De Noordhout, Peter Bennett, Paul Mcgreevy, Po-Yu Chiu, Jenny-Ann L.M.L. Toribio, Navneet Dhand

Assessment of Animal Welfare Collection

Currently, separate measures are used to estimate the impact of animal diseases on mortality and animal welfare. This article introduces a novel metric, the Welfare-Adjusted Life Year (WALY), to estimate disease impact by combining welfare compromise and premature death components. Adapting the Disability-Adjusted Life Year approach used in human health audits, we propose WALY as the sum of a) the years lived with impaired welfare due to a particular cause and b) the years of life lost due to the premature death from the same cause. The years lived with impaired welfare are the product of the average duration of …

Different Ommochrome Pigment Mixtures Enable Sexually Dimorphic Batesian Mimicry In Disjunct Populations Of The Common Palmfly Butterfly, Elymnias Hypermnestra, Silvio Panettieri, Erisa Gjinaj, George John, David J. Lohman

Publications and Research

With varied, brightly patterned wings, butterflies have been the focus of much work on the evolution and development of phenotypic novelty. However, the chemical structures of wing pigments from few butterfly species have been identified. We characterized the orange wing pigments of female Elymnias hypermnestra butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from two Southeast Asian populations. This species is a sexually dimorphic Batesian mimic of several model species. Females are polymorphic: in some populations, females are dark, resemble conspecific males, and mimic Euploea spp. In other populations, females differ from males and mimic orange Danaus spp. Using LC-MS/MS, we identified nine ommochrome …

Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Prevents Silica-Induced Development Of Pulmonary Ectopic Germinal Centers And Glomerulonephritis In The Lupus-Prone Nzbwf1 Mouse, Melissa A. Bates, Peyman Akbari, Kristen N. Gilley, James G. Wagner, Ning Li, Anna K. Kopec, Kathryn A. Wierenga, Daven Jackson-Humbles, Christina Brandenberger, Andrij Holian, Abby D. Benninghoff, Jack R. Harkema, James J. Pestka

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) consist of B-cell and T-cell aggregates that are initiated de novo in inflamed tissues outside of secondary lymphoid organs. When organized within follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks, ELS contain functional germinal centers that can yield autoantibody-secreting plasma cells and promote autoimmune disease. Intranasal instillation of lupus-prone mice with crystalline silica (cSiO₂), a respirable particle linked to human lupus, triggers ELS formation in the lung, systemic autoantibodies, and early onset of glomerulonephritis. Here we tested the hypothesis that consumption of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties, influences the temporal profile …

Short-Term Low Salinity Mitigates Effects Of Oil And Dispersant On Juvenile Eastern Oysters: A Laboratory Experiment With Implications For Oil Spill Response Activities, Meagan N. Schrandt, Sean Powers, F.Scott Rikard, Wilawan Thongda, Eric Peatman

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs in the northern Gulf of Mexico were exposed to oil and various associated clean-up activities that may have compromised oyster reef health. Included in the exposure was oil, dispersant, and in some locales, atypical salinity regimes. Oil and dispersants can be detrimental to oysters and the effects of salinity depend on the level. In addition to these extrinsic factors, genetic diversity of oyster populations may help the oysters respond to stressors, as demonstrated in other systems. We used a 3×3×2 factorial design to experimentally examine the effects …

Human-Directed Behaviour In Goats Is Not Affected By Short-Term Positive Handling, Jan Langbein, Annika Krause, Christian Nawroth

Social Cognition Collection

In addition to domestication, interactions with humans or task-specific training during ontogeny have been proposed to play a key role in explaining differences in human–animal communication across species. In livestock, even short-term positive interactions with caretakers or other reference persons can influence human–animal interaction at different levels and over different periods of time. In this study, we investigated human-directed behaviour in the ‘unsolvable task’ paradigm in two groups of domestic goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). One group was positively handled and habituated to a plastic box by the experimenter to retrieve a food reward, while the other group only received standard …

Marine Aquarium Fish Resource Of Western Australia Harvest Strategy 2018-2022, Western Australia. Dept. Of Fisheries

Fisheries Management Papers

Harvest strategies for aquatic resources managed by the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (the Department) are formal documents that are prepared based on a formal policy (Department of Fisheries 2015) to support the decision-making processes and ensure consistency with the principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD; Fletcher 2002) and Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM; Fletcher et al. 2010). The objectives of ESD are reflected in the objects of the Fish Resources Management Act 1994(FRMA), Section 3, and the Aquatic Resources Management Act 2016 (ARMA), Clause 9, which will replace the FRMA once enacted.

Marine Aquarium Fish Resource Of Western Australia Harvest Strategy 2018-2022, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development

Fisheries Management Papers

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Fisheries Division (Fisheries) utilises an Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) approach which considers all relevant ecological, social, economic and governance issues to deliver community outcomes. In order to assess the level of fisheries’ impacts and prioritise management activities across these four areas, periodic Ecological Risk Assessments (ERA) are undertaken for fisheries resources in Western Australia (WA).

Draft Management Plan For The Southern Demersal Gillnet And Demersal Longline Managed Fishery, Department Of Fisheries

Fisheries Management Papers

No abstract provided.

Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (Ebfm) Risk Assessment Of The Marine Aquarium Fish Managed Fishery 2014, Department Of Fisheries

Fisheries Management Papers

No abstract provided.

Marine Aquarium Fish Resource Of Western Australia Harvest Strategy : 2018 – 2022 : Version 1.0, Department Of Fisheries

Fisheries Management Papers

No abstract provided.

Adult Walleye Abundance And Subsequent Fry Production In The Tamarac River, Mn, Phillip Oswald

Biology Graduate Theses

Walleye reproductive success is of critical interest for the Red Lakes as this system is maintained entirely by natural reproduction and supports robust commercial and recreational fisheries. The Tamarac River, a major tributary to the Red Lakes, hosts a substantial Walleye spawning migration annually. The river drains the largest peat bog in the lower 48 states and thus experiences low dissolved oxygen at times. It is largely unknown how the potential anoxic bog water affects Walleye reproductive success each year and subsequent year class strength. Fyke nets were set from 2014-2018 to assess the relative abundance of adult Walleye spawning …

An Observed Instance Of Cooper’S Hawk (Accipiter Cooperii) Predation On A Chicken In An Urban Environment, Don Arp Jr.

Nebraska Bird Review

On February 21, 2015, I had the opportunity to observe a Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) attack, kill, and feed on a chicken in an urban environment.

The attack occurred around 1:10 p.m. on February 21, 2015, in Lincoln, Nebraska, in a residential area that is often referred to as the Bethany neighborhood. With large mature trees and landscape hedges, it provided excellent cover for the hawk’s attack. Weather data for that day show a low temperature of 18 degrees Fahrenheit and a high temperature of 40 degrees Fahrenheit. There was residual snow cover in some areas, as Lincoln had experienced …

The Nebraska Bird Review, Volume 86 September 2018 Number 3

Nebraska Bird Review

Summer Field Report, June - July 2018, by W. Ross Silcock …102

An Observed Instance of Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) Predation on a Chicken in an Urban Environment, by Don Arp, Jr. …124

Possible Double-brooding in Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus forficatus), by Wayne J. Mollhoff …128

2017 (29th) Report of the NOU Records Committee, by Mark A. Brogie …131

Subscription and Organization Information … 143

Effect Of Storage Period And Treatment On The Composition And Digestibility Of Olive Pomace In Cattle, Alexis Cecilia Ulloa

Master's Theses

Utilizing local by-products can serve to significantly reduce the current feed costs for ruminant producers. The objective of this study is (1) to evaluate the effects of chemical and bacterial inoculants in combination with ensiling, on the nutritional value and ensiling compatibility of olive pomace (OP) and (2) to identify the most biologically favorable treatment and ensiling day of OP for feeding to cattle. Freshly centrifuged OP (Olivas de Oro Olive Company, Creston, CA) was treated with one of four treatments: (1) no additives (control; CONT); (2) urea applied at 5% of DM (UREA; Agrium U.S. Inc, Loveland, CO); (3) …

The Impact Of Marking Rates, Turn-Off And Mortality Rates On The Wa Sheep Flock, Kate Pritchett

Animal production and livestock research reports

The Western Australian sheep flock peaked at 38.4 million head in 1990. Following the collapse of the reserve price scheme for wool and subsequent low prices combined with improved returns for crops, the WA flock entered a period of decline. The WA flock had fallen to approximately 14.2 million at the beginning of 2016/17. The dramatically reduced flock has also undergone a change in structure over this time, with the proportion of wethers in the flock being reduced from 32% of the flock to around 7%, and the proportion of breeding ewes increasing to accommodate the increased importance of lamb …

Possible Double-Brooding In Scissor-Tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus Forficatus), Wayne Mollhoff

Nebraska Bird Review

In a follow-up visit to the site near Alexandria, Thayer Co., where I documented a Scissor-tailed Flycatcher nest with eggs in 2017, I found a pair present at the same site on 8 June 2018. After some searching, I found that their nest, with 4 eggs, was built in the same upright crotch of the same branch where it was located the year before. I knew it was a completely new nest, since the previous nest had been removed after the nesting season the year before. On a second visit on 13 August 2018, to see if the birds and/or …

Summer Field Report, June-July 2018, W. Ross Silcock

Nebraska Bird Review

This was a rather lackluster summer season, notably among waterfowl, shorebirds, and gulls. However, the discovery of a couple of amazing rarities spiced things up. Not only were there a few reports of the increasing Black-bellied Whistling- Duck, but the Fulvous Whistling-Ducks in Lancaster Co were a first state record, albeit a bit overdue. Another major rarity was a Reddish Egret, Nebraska’s third, in Hall Co, seen by almost as many folks as the Fulvous Whistling-Ducks. Close behind were the 6th and 7th Nebraska records of Black-chinned Hummingbird, probably on its way to regular occurrence in the next few years. …

Laboratory Evaluation Of Efficacy Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes On Texas Leaf-Cutting Ants, Atta Texana, Pushpa Soti, Quentin Van Camp, Alexis Racelis

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Entomopathogenic nematodes, a large group of nematodes specialized for parasitism of insects, have been used as classical biological control agents. The nematodes have potential to be used for insect pest management in organic gardening. We studied the potential impact of two entomopathogenic nematodes Steinerneima carpocapsae Weiser and Heterohabditis bacteriophora Poinar on the Texas leaf-cutting ant, Atta texana Buckley, that is considered a problematic agricultural pest in the southern US. We used a relatively large exposure rate of 250,000 nematodes per 10 ants in Petri dishes and monitored ant activity during a 96-hour time period. Results showed no significant differences among …

An Analysis Of Australian Shepherd Owners Preferences For Dog Food Purchases, Megan Cirkles

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

Intramammary Infusion Of Casein Hydrolysate For Involution Of Single Mastitic Mammary Quarters Elevating Cow-Level Somatic Cell Count, Justine Britten, Kerry A. Rood, David J. Wilson

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Mastitis in a single quarter can cause high somatic cell counts (SCC), clinical mastitis, and death in dairy cows. Currently, management of these mastitic quarters presents a problem for the dairy industry. Casein hydrolysate (CH) is an intramammary (IMM) infusion treatment reported to induce mammary involution. The primary objectives of this study were to investigate whether IMM CH treatment of single high SCC quarters, followed by cessation of quarter milk production for the remainder of lactation, was effective in reducing cow–level SCC and whether that quarter resumed milk production following calving. Three treatment groups were used: CH, non-hydrolyzed casein (NHC), …

Review Of The Genus Babycurus Karsch, 1886 (Arachnida, Scorpiones, Buthidae), With Descriptions Of Barbaracurus Gen. N. And Two New Species From Oman And Yemen, František Kovařík, Graeme Lowe, František Šťáhlavský

Euscorpius

The genus Babycurus Karsch, 1886 sensu lato is split into two genera, a strictly African genus Babycurus, and the new genus Barbaracurus gen. n., which mainly includes species from the Horn of Africa and Arabian Peninsula. Two new species Barbaracurus winklerorum sp. n. from Oman and B. yemenensis sp. n. from Yemen are described, compared with other species, and fully illustrated with color photos of morphology, habitus, live specimens and collection localities. Males of Barbaracurus somalicus (Hirst, 1907) comb. n. and Barbaracurus zambonellii (Borelli, 1902) comb. n. are recorded for the first time and fully illustrated. Babycurus ornatus …

The Microbiome Of The Gastrointestinal Tract Of A Range-Shifting Marine Herbivorous Fish, Jacquelyn Jones, Joseph D. Dibattista, Michael Stat, Michael Bunce, Mary C. Boyce, David Fairclough, Michael J. Travers, Megan J. Huggett

Fisheries Research Articles

Globally, marine species’ distributions are being modified due to rising ocean temperatures. Increasing evidence suggests a circum-global pattern of poleward extensions in the distributions of many tropical herbivorous species, including the ecologically important rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens. Adaptability of a species to such new environments may be heavily influenced by the composition of their gastrointestinal microbe fauna, which is fundamentally important to animal health. Siganus fuscescens thus provides an opportunity to assess the stability of gastrointestinal microbes under varying environmental conditions. The gastrointestinal microbial communities of S. fuscescens were characterized over 2,000 km of Australia’s western coast, from tropical to …

Delphinids On Display: The Capture, Care, And Exhibition Of Cetaceans At Marineland Of The Pacific, 1954-1967, Taylor Michael Bailey

Dissertations and Theses

When Marineland of the Pacific opened in 1954 on the Palos Verdes Peninsula in greater Los Angeles, it was the second oceanarium in the world and the first on the West Coast. An initial investment of $3 million by Oceanarium Inc., owners of the popular Marine Studios park located near St. Augustine, Florida, ensured that Marineland was built with the same state of the art facilities needed to produce an authentic representation of the ocean floor on land. Building on Marine Studios' success exhibiting bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), Marineland's central draw was its performing cetaceans. During the park's …

Interactions Between Mushroom Powder, Sodium Chloride, And Bovine Proteins And Their Effects On Lipid Oxidation Products And Consumer Acceptability, Natalie Tom, Hatouf Ahmed Alnoumani, Lilian Were

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The antioxidant capacity of dried Agaricus bisporus mushrooms (DAB) in beef has previously been assessed. However, interactions between lipid oxidation products, mushroom polyphenols, and bovine proteins present in beef to explain the mushroom's antioxidative effect, has not been determined. Oven-dried or lyophilized DAB with and without 15 g NaCl/kg beef (1.5%) or 20 g NaCl/kg beef (2%) were added to sarcoplasmic protein homogenates from top round beef. Malondialdehyde and volatile aldehyde binding to sarcoplasmic protein (SP) were monitored. Oven dried had 64% higher total phenolic compared to lyophilized DAB, leading to ∼50% lower malondialdehyde content in beef with oven …

Cellular Mechanisms Of Slime Gland Refilling In Pacific Hagfish (Eptatretus Stoutii), Sarah Schorno, Todd E. Gillis, Douglas S. Fudge

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Hagfishes use their defensive slime to ward off gill-breathing predators. Slime gland refilling is a surprisingly slow process, and previous research has shown that the composition of the slime exudate changes significantly during refilling, which likely has consequences for the functionality of the slime. This study set out to expand our understanding of slime gland refilling by examining the cellular processes involved in refilling of the glands, as well as determining where in the gland the main slime cells – the gland thread cells and gland mucous cells – arise. Slime glands were electro-stimulated to exhaust their slime stores, left …

Prevalent Transoceanic Fall Migration By A 30-Gram Songbird, The Bobolink, Noah G. Perlut

Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

Three North American passerines are known to perform transoceanic flights during their fall migration, with open-water flights ranging in length from 1,700 to 3,400 km. However, little is known about within-population variation of these flights. From 2013 to 2017, I used geolocators to study variation in the fall migratory track of the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) from a population that bred in agricultural grasslands of Vermont, USA. Thirteen of seventeen birds took transoceanic flights during fall migration, ranging in length from 1,098 to 3,536 km (mean ± SD = 1,969 ± 640); five of these flights were nonstop from …