Agriculture Commons^™

Louisiana Agriculture Summer, 2022

Louisiana Agriculture

LSU AgCenter researchers constantly search for ways to improve Louisiana agriculture by increasing yields and profitability. They also seek to understand new and less popular crops that could thrive in our region. Professor Yan Chen is helping develop the tea industry along the Gulf Coast, working closely with producers to understand how to grow tea (Camellia sinensis) in the region, and her work is featured in the latest issue of Louisiana Agriculture magazine. The magazine also includes a look into Grow Louisiana and Growing Farmers, two programs designed to help beginning farmers learn the business. Researchers from the …

Optimization Of Nozzle, Application Height, And Speed For Uass Pesticide Applications, Trenton Houston

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Unmanned aerial spray systems (UASS) applications have the potential to be efficient pesticide application platforms under conditions that are not accessible or fit for typical pesticide application equipment. Although this type of application is still under development in the United States, UASS pesticide applications are common in Asia, as they have replaced backpack sprayers. There is limited literature on the optimization of UASS applications and many parameters need to be investigated to identify the best combination of application variables such as flight height, flight speed, and nozzle selection. The objectives were to identify the deposition patterns of a four rotor …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Research Studies 2021, Victor Ford, Jason Kelley, Nathan Mckinney Ii

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2021 edition of the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Research Studies Series includes research results on topics pertaining to corn and grain sorghum production, including weed, disease, and insect management; economics; sustainability; irrigation; post-harvest drying; soil fertility; mycotoxins; cover crop management; and research verification program results. Our objective is to capture and broadly distribute the results of research projects funded by the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Board. The intended audience includes producers and their advisors, current investigators, and future researchers. The Series serves as a citable archive of research results.

Increased Signal-To-Noise Ratios Within Experimental Field Trials By Regressing Spatially Distributed Soil Properties As Principal Components, Jeffrey C. Berry, Mingsheng Qi, Balasaheb V. Sonawane, Amy Sheflin, Asaph Cousins, Jessica Prenni, Daniel P. Schachtman, Peng Liu, Rebecca S. Bart

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Environmental variability poses a major challenge to any field study. Researchers attempt to mitigate this challenge through replication. Thus, the ability to detect experimental signals is deter-mined by the degree of replication and the amount of environmental variation, noise, within the experimental system. A major source of noise in field studies comes from the natural heterogeneity of soil properties which create microtreatments throughout the field. In addition, the variation within different soil properties is often nonrandomly distributed across a field. We explore this challenge through a sorghum field trial dataset with accompanying plant, microbiome, and soil property data. Diverse sorghum …

Expression Of Atwri1 And Atdgat1 During Soybean Embryo Development Influences Oil And Carbohydrate Metabolism, Cintia Lucía Arias, Truyen Quach, Tu Huynh, Hanh Nguyen, Ademar Moretti, Yu Shi, Ming Guo, Amira Rasoul, Kyujung Van, Leah Mchale, Thomas E. Clemente, Ana Paula Alonso, Chi Zhang

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean oil is one of the most consumed vegetable oils worldwide. Genetic improvement of its concentration in seeds has been historically pursued due to its direct association with its market value. Engineering attempts aiming to increase soybean seed oil presented different degrees of success that varied with the genetic design and the specific variety considered. Understanding the embryo’s responses to the genetic modifications introduced, is a critical step to successful approaches. In this work, the metabolic and transcriptional responses to AtWRI1 and AtDGAT1 expression in soybean seeds were evaluated. AtWRI1 is a master regulator of fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis, and …

Neuropilin-2 Regulates Androgen-Receptor Transcriptional Activity In Advanced Prostate Cancer, Samikshan Dutta, Navatha Shree Polavaram, Ridwan Islam, Sreyashi Bhattacharya, Sanika Bodas, Thomas Mayr, Sohini Roy, Sophie Alvarez, Marieta I. Toma, Anza Darehshouri, Angelika Borkowetz, Stefanie Conrad, Susanne Fuessel, Manfred Wirth, Gustavo B. Baretton, Paramita Ghosh, Kenneth J. Pienta, David L. Klinkebiel, Surinder K. Batra, Michael H. Muders, Kaustubh Datta

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Aberrant transcriptional activity of androgen receptor (AR) is one of the dominant mechanisms for developing of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Analyzing AR-transcriptional complex related to CRPC is therefore important towards understanding the mechanism of therapy-resistance. While studying its mechanism, we observed that a transmembrane protein called neuropilin-2 (NRP2) plays a contributory role in forming a novel AR-transcriptional complex containing nuclear pore proteins. Using immunogold electron microscopy, high-resolution confocal microscopy, chromatin immunoprecipitation, proteomics, and other biochemical techniques, we delineated the molecular mechanism of how a specific splice variant of NRP2 becomes sumoylated upon ligand stimulation and translocates to the inner nuclear …

Soybean Management For Seed Composition: The Perspective Of U.S. Farmers, Andre F. Borja Reis, Luiz Rosso, Dan Davidson, Peter Kovacs, Larry C. Purcell, Frederick E. Below, Shaun Casteel, Hans J. Kandel, Seth Naeve, Sotirios V. Archontoulis, Ignacio A. Ciampitti

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] compositional quality is mainly provided by the seed concentration of protein and oil. These traits are critical for sustaining global use, and although there is demand for high protein soybean, no mechanism to differentiate production is in place. At the opposite end of the supply chain, farmers are remunerated on a mass basis without having any incentive regarding seed composition. This study evaluated farmers' perspectives and knowledge on soybean quality and their propensity to adopt quality improvement technologies. Farmers from the main U.S. producing regions (n = 271) were investigated with a …

Pestfacts Wa Issue 08 - July 2022, Benjamin S. Congdon, Svetlana Micic, Cindy L. Webster, Jean Galloway, Janette Pratt

PestFacts WA

PestFacts WA Issue 08 - July 2022 contents:

• Cold winter conditions are reducing winged aphid activity
• Russian wheat aphid
• UCI BlacklegCM – A new decision support tool for upper canopy blackleg management

Pestfacts Wa Issue 10 - July 2022, Saleh Adnan, Benjamin S. Congdon, Alan Lord

PestFacts WA

PestFacts WA Issue 10 - July 2022 contents:

• Russian wheat aphids found at Geraldton
• Turnip yellows virus detected n canola in Albany port zone
• Meet PestFacts WA team member – Alan Lord

Pestfacts Wa Issue 11 - July 2022, Ciara Beard, Geoff J. Thomas

PestFacts WA

PestFacts WA Issue 11 - July 2022 contents:

• Wheat powdery mildew in the Geraldton port zone

The Impact Of Steam-Flaked Rye Replacing Steam-Flaked Corn On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers And The Effect Of Exogenous Megasphaera Elsdenii Administration Techniques On Ruminal Fermentation And Blood Parameters In An Acidosis Challenge Model, Samantha K. Wagner

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A feedlot study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing steam-flaked corn (SFC) with steam-flaked rye (SFR) in the diets of yearling steers (Exp. 1). A separate study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three different administration techniques of Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 on rumen fermentation and blood parameters in an acidosis challenge model (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, SFC was replaced with SFR to create four different treatments, each differing in the ratio of SFC:SFR. The four treatments were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, and 100:0 SFR:SFC (as a percentage of the grain inclusion). Increasing inclusions of SFR resulted …

Effect Of A Commonly Used Veterinary Antibiotic On Oxidative Stress And Root Transporters Of Edible Legumes And Leafy Crops, Safaa Nassar, Jamilah Borjac

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Antibiotic accumulation in soil and plants is a rising problem in agriculture creating a serious threat to living organisms in the environment, hence needing huge attention. To this end, glasshouse pot experiments were conducted to simulate contamination by veterinary antibiotic at 150 mg kg^-1 and 4800 mg kg^-1 in a virgin soil in which lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) and cress (Lepidium sativum L.) were grown, aiming at evaluating the potential toxicity of antibiotic in plants roots during their growth period. Biomarkers of toxicity such as malondialdehyde and proline …

Total Factor Productivity In Dairy Buffalo Milk Production In Nueva Ecija, Philippines, Zadieshar G. Sanchez, Antonio Jesus A. Quilloy, Nora Dm. Carambas, Mark Dondi M. Arboleda

Journal of Economics, Management and Agricultural Development

This study analyzed the total factor productivity in dairy buffalo milk production in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Specifically, it aimed to identify the factors that affect dairy buffalo milk production and analyze technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and technological change as sources of TFP growth. Panel data was established by gathering data from randomly selected dairy buffalo milk producers in Nueva Ecija for the years 2017 and 2020. The stochastic frontier analysis was applied to a Cobb-Douglas production function with an inefficiency effects model. It was found that the statistically significant factors of milk production were cows, forage areas, and dairy feeds. …

Do Philippine Stocks Catch Coronavirus? Some Econometric Check-Up On Pandemic Data, 2021-2022, Mark Reniel M. Amarila, Luisito C. Abueg

Journal of Economics, Management and Agricultural Development

Using daily data from March 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022, the USD-PHP exchange rate and pandemic-related variables such as the number of cases, vaccinations, and stringency index in relation to the movements of Philippine Stock Exchange index (PSEi) were investigated. The paper views vaccination as an instrument for reducing economic uncertainty, subsequently providing a positive sentiment for investors and stock market. Ordinary least squares, autoregressive distributed lags, and vector autoregression was used to show some dynamics based on time series data. Particularly, there are indications of reported cases being negatively correlated and statistically significant for PSEi. Further, impulse response …

Member Engagement And Level Of Satisfaction In A Revitalized Co-Operative Enterprise In Iloilo Province, Philippines, Ma. Rhona P. Beriales

Journal of Economics, Management and Agricultural Development

A co-operative is a member-centered association of individuals with the goal of advancing their economic and social interests. This paper examined member engagement dynamics in a revitalized community-based co-operative in terms of members’ perceived value, member patronage and participation. The study also explored the effect of member engagement to the revitalized co- operative operations and member satisfaction. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study involved a survey of 175 respondents chosen purposively from the co-operative members of good standing. Results showed that members joined the co-operative for economic and personal growth, except for the older members’ goal which was for socialization. …

Farmer-Led Small-Scale Irrigation Systems Management In Highland Vegetable Farming In The Cordillera Region, Philippines, Cheryll C. Launio, Marivic O. Abyado

Journal of Economics, Management and Agricultural Development

Much has been said about large-scale and pump irrigation systems but not much published research is available on small-scale farmer-led irrigation systems supporting highland farming. This study described the management of irrigation sources and farmer-led irrigation systems, and conveyance and distribution technologies supporting highland farming. Data were based on FGDs in 30 barangays and a survey of 279 farmers in three highland provinces. Findings show that 91% of farmers use irrigation from springs, rivers, and creeks; 70% of the conveyance and distribution facilities are farmer-initiated and managed, and micro-irrigation technologies such as sprinklers and drip irrigation are accessible. National irrigation …

Peanut Kernel Integrity Detection Based On Deep Learning Convolution Neural Network, Zhang Jun-Feng, Shang Zhan-Lei

Food and Machinery

Objective: To accurately distinguish intact peanut, nut damaged peanut and epidermis damaged peanut. Methods: A peanut seed integrity detection scheme based on deep learning convolution neural network (CNN) was proposed. The peanut seed color selection system was established and a peanut seed image database was also established; The improved density peak clustering (DPC) algorithm was used to adaptively compress the CNN convolution kernel to effectively balance the network depth and operation efficiency; The improved sparrow search algorithm was used to optimize the CNN super parameter configuration and network structure, and the CNN model suitable for peanut grain integrity detection was …

Determination Furfurals In Tea Products By Quechers-Isotope Is-Gc-Ms/Ms, Liu Can-Di, Chen Bo, Yin Fang-Ping, Zeng Hui

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to establish a new method for detecting furfurals in tea. Methods: A gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous determination of furfural, 5-methylfurfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 2-Acetylfuran in tea. The sample pretreatment method and GC-MS/MS method were optimized. Furfural-D4was used as the internal standard. The sample was extracted by acetonitrile, treated and purified by QuEChERS method, and determined by GC-MS/MS multi reaction monitoring (MRM). Results: The four furfurals showed good linear relationship in the mass concentration range of 1.25~200.00 μg/L, with the correlation coefficient ≥0.999 0, and the detection limit (S/N …

Research On Food Safety Supervision System In Chinese Cross-Border E-Commerce Market, Shi Gao-Yan

Food and Machinery

The development status of the cross-border E-commerce market was introduced, and the shortcomings of the current cross-border e-commerce food safety supervision system in my country was analyzed. Moreover, the direction of food safety supervision system construction in cross-border E-commerce was also discussed, from the following aspects of the food information traceability system, food safety risk early warning system, enterprise credit management system and consumer rights protection system.

Uncertainty Evaluation Of Cadmium Content In Kelp (Laminaria Japonica) By Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Liu Lan-Ying, Lu Xin, Li Ying, Luo Tu-Yan

Food and Machinery

Objective: To improve the accuracy of the results of cadmium (Cd) content in kelp (Laminaria japonica) by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). Methods: The concentration of Cd element in kelp sample was measured by using GF-AAS after microwave digestion according to the standard of GB 5009.15—2014. Combining with the experimental process and mathematical model, the possible sources of measurement uncertainty were firstly identified, then the components of each standard uncertainties were calculated, and finally each parameter of uncertainties was synthesized, and the whole uncertainty was evaluated. Results: when the value of Cd concentration in kelp was 0.202 …

The Legal Regulation Problem Of False Food Advertisement And Its Solution, Meng Jing

Food and Machinery

In this paper, the current legal system regarding deceptive food advertisements in China has been discussed deeply and issues of current legal system have been analyzed. To solve the issues, a way for optimizing food legal system was explored and several measures which assist to improve the legal system for eliminating deceptive food advertisements have been proposed. Overall, relevant legal regulations published domestically and intenationally should be sorted out and the law enforcement of government sectors should be enhanced to constrain people who want to advertise deceptive food information.

Study On Flow Channel Distribution Of Different Twin Screw Extruder Under Different Screw Contact State, Shang Jia-Wei, Zhang Li-Mei, Huang Zhi-Gang, Zhang Yi-Wei, Li He

Food and Machinery

Objective: In order to explore the distribution law of the flow channel of polylactic acid in different screw contact states of the counter-rotating twin-screw extruder. Methods: Partially meshing screw and non-meshing screw were established by Solidworks software. Numerical sim-ulation was carried out using POLYFLOW fluid simulation software. The pressure field, shear rate field and viscosity field of polylactic acid fluid under different contact states of three screws were compared. Results: The counter-rotating twin-screw extruder in the partially meshed state has better pressure-building ability and dispersing and mixing ability for polylactic acid. Conclusion: The extrusion effect of polylactic acid in the …

Research On The Application Of Minimalist Style In Food Packaging Design, Chao Xin-Jiao, Zhang Si-Jia

Food and Machinery

This paper introduces the origin of minimalism, discusses the advantages of minimalism style in food packaging design, and expounds the application of minimalism style in food packaging design from four aspects: Food packaging color, graphics, modeling and materials.

Effects Of Natural Compound Preservative And Its Vacuum Synergy On The Shelf Life Of Pre-Conditioned Pork Filling Stuffing, Liu Ping-Yun, Wang Jun-Ru, Ding Yi-Dan, Zhang Gen-Sheng

Food and Machinery

Objective: To study the effect of food preservatives on the freshness of pre-conditioned pork filling stuffing and to solve the problem of easy spoilage and very short shelf life of pre-conditioned pork filling stuffing. Methods: The changes of physicochemical and microbiological indexes of the pre-conditioned pork filling treated with vacuum-packed co-combination preservatives during storage were determined using the total number of colonies or TBA values as evaluation criteria. Results: The optimal ratio of preservatives were as followed: 0.049% nisin, 0.207% D-isoascorbate sodium, 0.029% rosemary extract. Vacuum-packed synergistic compounding preservative treatment can effectively delay the changes of total bacterial colony, …

Effect Of Chitosan On The Waterless Preservation Of Urechis Unicinctus, Li Zhong-Kun, Li Zi-Xuan, Liu Chen-Hao, Liu Chun-E

Food and Machinery

Objective: The aim of the study was to decrease the transportation cost while reducing the nutrition loss of Urechis unicinctus. Methods: Chitosan was used for pretreatment of Urechis unicinctus, and the changes of the main nutritional and physiological indexes of the three groups i.e., control group, after waterless preservation group and recovered group, were measured. Results: The optimal concentration of chitosan was 3 g/L. After being pretreated by chitosan, the survival rate of Urechis unicinctus could reach 67% after 64 h of waterless preservation. The survival rate, muscle glycogen, water holding capacity of the experimental group were all …

Nectarine Quality Analysis Algorithm Based On Multi-Spectral Feature Partition, Wang Jie

Food and Machinery

Objective: In order to solve the problem that the spectral image recognition technology is susceptible to interference from similar types, resulting in deviations in the identification of the type and quality of the measured object. Methods: An independent dual-channel spectral acquisition system for visible light and near-infrared light was designed. By controlling the spectral range and spectral resolution of different characteristic regions, the rapid acquisition of absorbance at the characteristic wavelength position was achieved. The function expression form of spectral change and sample quality was established. According to the spectral distribution characteristics of the test sample, the appropriate characteristic wavelength …

Optimization Of Preparation Technology Of Ovalbumin-Peptide By Complex Enzyme And Its Antialcoholic Effect, Qi Xing-Yu, Yan Xiao-Juan, Zhang Hai-Yue

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to verify the antialcoholic activity of ovalbumin peptide and improve the added value of egg products. Methods: Ovalbumin was hydrolyzed by alkaline protease and trypsin. The activity rate of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was taken as index, and the enzymolysis process was optimized by response surface methodology. The total antioxidant activity, hydrolysis degree, amino acid composition and relative molecular weight of ovalbumin peptide were determined to evaluate the antialcoholic effect of ovalbumin peptide. Results: The optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were as follows. Under the conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis time 5 h, dosage of complex enzyme 3 100 …

Western Australian Regional Development Trust Annual Report 2021-22, West Australian Development Trust

Western Australian Regional Development Trust Annual Reports

The Trust is an independent statutory advisory body to the Minister, established under the Royalties for Regions Act 2009 (Act).

The functions of the Trust are to provide advice and make recommendations to the Minister:

• for the purposes of sections 5(2) and 9(1) of the Act; and
• on any other matter relating to the operation of the Fund that is referred to it by the Minister.

In addition to its monitoring and advisory role, the Trust also works to engage and enhance relationships with key regional stakeholders and influencers to promote greater collaboration and innovation in the delivery of regional …

Cloning, Expression And Catalytic Function Analysis Of Chitinase From Streptomyces Diastaticus, Li Qin, Wang Li-Mei, Qi Bin

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study focused on improving the production of chitosan oligosaccharides by chitinase degradation of chitin. Methods: Using genetic engineering methods to clone, prokaryotic expressing, and investigating enzymatic properties of the chitinase from Streptomyces diastaticus, and the chitinase activity was explored by homology modeling, amino acid comparison of the catalytic domain, and site-directed mutagenesis. Results: After cloning and prokaryotic expression, the enzyme production cycle was shortened from 7 d to 24 h, and the enzyme activity reached 132 U/L, which was 32% higher than the original bacterial enzyme activity (100 U/L). The amino acids that determine the activity of chitinase …

Preliminary Study Of Encapsulation To Improve Stability Of Aldh Of Wickerhamomyces Anomalus, Chen Geng, Ni Yu-Jun, Zhong Min, Xu Li-Na, Guo Wei-Dan

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to improve the stability Wickerhamomyces anomalus aldehyde dehydrogenase in cold storage and gastrointestinal environment, so as to develop products that reduce active aldehydes in gastrointestinal tract. Methods: ALDH was extracted from 6 Wickerhamomyces anomalus strains with the highest activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and encapsulated by sodium alginate and calcium chloride method. The stability of ALDH by embedding was studied in cold storage and simulated gastrointestinal environment. Results: The specific activity of ALDH produced by W. anomalus J3, J7, J8, J9, J12 and J18 ranged from 86.77 U/mg to 482.14 U/mg, and that of J9 was …