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Big Meadows Mountain Meadow & Aspen Restoration Project 2017 – 2023 Summary Report, Scott River Watershed Council

Aspen Bibliography

Big Meadows Mountain Meadow and Aspen Restoration Project is designed to enhance aspen and mountain meadow habitats at Big Meadows, a property that is privately owned by Ecotrust Forest Management (EFM). EFM owns approximately 40,000 acres in the Klamath Mountains of Siskiyou County, known as the Scott River Headwaters Property. The Scott River Headwaters Property Management Plan, developed by EFM, specifically identifies and prioritizes the restoration of aspen woodlands. As such, EFM and Scott River Watershed Council (SRWC) partnered with the goal of improving these critical habitats. The Big Meadows complex is one of the largest mountain meadow systems within …

Increasing Efficiency Of Finishing Beef Production: Strategies To Optimize Starch Digestion, Improve Flake Quality, And Reduce Methane Emissions, Ronald J. Trotta

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

To continue to meet the demands of increasing food production and environmental sustainability, new strategies are needed to enhance the efficiency of finishing cattle production. A review of the literature identified several nutritional and physiological constraints that limit the ability for cattle to digest starch and absorb glucose from the small intestine. Comparative sequencing analyses revealed a missing region of the sucrase-isomaltase protein which could affect the capacity for starch digestion in cattle. Post-flaking sampling and handling recommendations were generated based on a series of experiments to improve estimates of starch availability and flaking consistency for commercial feedlots and laboratories. …

Plant Cell Wall Composition And In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics Of Cool-Season Forage Grasses From Two Growing Seasons In Central Kentucky, Sophia Danielle Newhuis

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Grass cell walls are rich in cellulose, hemicellulosic arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides, and lignin. AX structural differences such as degree and pattern of branching and the ester-linked phenolic acid content could affect plants’ digestibility when used as forage for livestock. However, there is little information about how these structural elements change over the growing season in the vegetative tissue of cool-season perennial grasses. Enhanced information about the cell wall composition and carbohydrate structure of forage material will provide a foundation for expanding our knowledge of how forage cell wall carbohydrate structures are utilized by ruminants. The objectives of this study were …

Foraging Behavior In The Eastern Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes Flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Anugerah Fajar

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Foraging is essential for survival, but it can be unpredictably dangerous due to organismal interactions like competition and predation to various environmental factors. Animals have come up with strategies to safeguard foraging. Social insects, with their elaborate division of labor, have developed sophisticated systems of foraging task allocation that allow them to capitalize resources beyond their competitors. In this thesis, I delve into the subjects of foraging behavior, allocation strategies, and the genetic basis of foraging in the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, the most widely distributed termite species in North America and one of the most economically important …

Screening Of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Cultivars/Hybrids For Heat Stress Tolerance Using Growth And Physiobiochemical Indicators, Mobeen ., Abida Parveen, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Fahad M. Al-Hemaid, Mohamed Ragab Abdelgawwad

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

High temperatures may cause scorching of the twigs and leaves along with visual symptoms of sunburn, leaf senescence, growth inhibition, and ultimately decreased plant growth and biomass. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the important oil seed crops and it potentially fits in agricultural system and oil production sector of Pakistan. Hence, it is important to get the best variety which may able to tolerate high temperatures in hot and humid environments. For this purpose, we have conducted the present study using ten different cultivars of (Hysin-33, T-40, H-OI, Hysin-39, Suncross, Gulshin, FH-825, FH-797, FH-784, AGSUN-5270) of H. …

Chemical Composition, Biological Activities, And Surface Tension Properties Of Melissa Officinalis L. Essential Oil, Özgür Çelebi̇, Hafize Fidan, Ivan Iliev, Nadezhda Petkova, Ivayla Dincheva, Vanya Gandova, Stanko Stankov, Albena Stoyanova

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is a plant of the family Lamiaceae. The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the lemon balm essential oil grown in Northeastern Bulgaria, to perform a comparative analysis of its antimicrobial activity with that of citral, and to determine its surface tension properties. The main compounds of the essential oil (concentration above 3%) were: ß-caryophyllene (20.45%), geranial (19.74%), neral (15.81%), germacrene D (11.50%), (R)-(+)-citronellal (3.07%), and geranyl acetate (3.04%). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was weak against the tested gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Exceptions were observed for Listeria monocytogenes …

Effect Of Postharvest Spermidine Treatments On Quality And Biochemical Properties Of Nectarine Fruits, Erdal Orman

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, the effect of spermidine (SP) treatments at different doses after harvest on the changes in the pomological and biochemical contents of nectarine fruits was determined. The fruits were placed in cold storage (4 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% RH) for 30 days. Specific organic acids and phenolic compounds from biochemical compounds were analyzed by HPLC device. Weight loss and decay values, which are quality criteria of nectarine fruits, increased during storage compared to the harvest period. In this study, 1.0 mM SP application was found to be more successful in the preservation of visual quality …

Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, And Antihypertensive Effects Of Peptides From Some Quercus Species, Muhammed Yusuf Çağlar, Muhammet Arici

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In the present study, the antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties of oak peptides were determined in vitro. For this purpose, samples from most common oak species (Quercus coccifera, Quercus ilex, and Quercus cerris) were collected, the proteins were extracted and the bioactive properties of 48 different peptide fractions were monitored using a fast protein liquid chromatography. The results showed that acorn peptides had no remarkable antioxidant or antihypertensive effects. Comparing the bioactive peptides of all oak species, the peptides of Q. coccifera generally had higher DPP-IV inhibition activity than those of Q. cerris and Q. ilex. …

Artificial Intelligence As An Alternative Modelling Strategy For Reliable Height-Diameter Predictions Of Mixed-Oaks Species, Maria J. Diamantopoulou, Ramazan Özçeli̇k, Burak Koparan, Onur Alkan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Forest management and sustainable timber production rely on forest measurements that include tree height. However, the fieldwork needed for tree height measurements is time-consuming, and several times, hard to obtain. The solution to this problem is the construction of reliable height-diameter (h-d) models that can provide accurate tree height predictions. To this direction, a modified Gompertz model that included dominant height and diameter at breast height was used to predict tree height. In order to investigate the most promising modelling method, six alternative approaches were evaluated; these involved both regression and artificial intelligence techniques and produced the (i) …

Maize, Fish, And Leafy Greens: Agricultural Diversity In Rural Zambia, Claire Gillespie

NUTR/GLST 498b: Global Research Experiences in Nutrition and Health

In Zambia, where 40% of children are stunted, there is limited interest in farming among primary school children as they consider their future. As grocery stores replace open-air markets, access to indigenous foods will become more difficult. Although 73 different types of foods were found in open-air markets, Zambian diets tend to be monotonous. Maize is the staple food and maize-based foods such as nshima are consumed daily, perpetuating low nutritional intake. Increasing crop diversity can increase balanced diets in Zambian school children and better support a growing population.

Predictions Of Broadacre Farm Management In Australia: Revisited, Ross Kingwell

Farm Systems and Economics research articles

Long term predictions and scenarios for Australian agriculture are infrequently published. Even less frequently published are formal reviews of their accuracy. This study is a rare example of a review of the accuracy of predictions made about broadacre farming and farm management in Australia back in 2002. Drawing on industry statistics and data that reveal various trends in Australian agriculture over the last two decades, most of the predictions about the nature of broadacre farming and farm management in Australia towards 2025 are found to be accurate. An implication is that agricultural economists are not always wrong or misleading in …

Letter From The Dean, Jean-Francois Meullenet

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 24 2023, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Faculty Editor, Beth Kegley

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Time-Restricted Feeding And Whey Protein Isolate Supplementation On Dietary Intake, Mood, And Sleep In A 12-Week Randomized Controlled Trial, Sydney E. Boudrey, Aubree L. Hawley

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Obesity affects adults in the United States, leading to chronic diseases and reduced well-being. Time-Restricted Feeding (TRF) is a type of dietary intervention lacking current data regarding the effectiveness on facets of well-being. This study’s objective was to determine the effect of time-restricted feeding supplemented with whey protein isolate on food intake, sleep, and mood in overweight or obese adults. Nineteen participants were randomly assigned to the control or experimental group: 1) control, TRF, and 2) experimental, TRF with whey protein supplementation. Participants followed the assigned dietary intervention for 12 weeks. Every 4 weeks (baseline, week 4, week 8, and …

Rice Biomass Response To Various Phosphorus Fertilizers In A Phosphorus-Deficient Soil Under Simulated Furrow-Irrigation, Jonathan B. Brye, Kristofor R. Brye, Diego Della Lunga

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Wastewater-recovered phosphorus (P), in the form of the mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4∙6H2O), may provide a sustainable alternative to decreasing rock-phosphate reserves. Struvite can be generated via precipitation methods, potentially reducing the amount of P runoff to aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this greenhouse tub study was to evaluate the effects of chemically and electrochemically precipitated struvite (CPST and ECST, respectively) on aboveground plant response in a hybrid rice cultivar grown using furrow-irrigation compared to other common fertilizer-P sources [i.e., triple super phosphate (TSP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP)] using three replications of fertilizer treatment in a P-deficient silt loam (Typic Glossaqualfs). Aboveground …

Fostering Infant And Toddler Music Competence At The Jean Tyson Child Development Study Center, Ellen Mathews, Laura Herold, Shelley Mcnally, Donia Timby

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

This paper presents a creative research project that introduced musical instruments in an outdoor setting to infants and toddlers ages 0-to-3 years old. It was grounded in research suggesting that music plays a vital component in expanding development in the early childhood years, helping to promote learning across many domains. This project began with a survey distributed to 7 infant and toddler classroom educators, after which responses were analyzed for themes regarding perceived infant interests. Subsequent observations were conducted to evaluate the best fit for the implementation of an outdoor experiential music space. Based on the findings, a developmentally appropriate …

Effects Of Cyclic Heat Stress On The Acute Inflammatory Response In Broilers, Alessandro J. Rocchi, Chrysta N. Beck, Jossie M. Santamaria, Gisela F. Erf

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Heat stress (HS) is a growing concern in broiler production. Little is known regarding the effect of HS on immune function. To examine the effects of HS on innate immunity, the local- and systemic-inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined in Cobb 500 male broiler chicks reared under thermoneutral (TN) or cyclic HS conditions. Beginning at four days of age, HS birds were subjected to 35 °C from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. and TN temperatures from 10:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. At 37 days of age, four groups of broilers were formed: LPS-TN (8 broilers), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-TN (4 …

An Inclusive Playground For Infant And Toddler Development, Amanda M. Swartz, Jacquelyn D. Wiersma-Mosley, Donia Timby, Shelley Mcnally, Caitlyn Daniel

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The purpose of this project was to help children reach more developmental goals and to make outdoor play at the Jean Tyson Child Development Study Center more inclusive for all children. Children gain many developmental goals from playing outside and being exposed to other environments as compared to just being inside the classroom. Outdoor play should be as inclusive as indoor play and offer many different activities and outlets, just as the indoor classroom does. The implementation of this service-learning creative project was to add more versatility to the outdoor area at the University of Arkansas Jean Tyson Child Development …

Validation Of A Diagnostic Marker For Primocane-Fruiting In Blackberry, Isabella Vaughn, Alexander Silva, Carmen Johns, Lacy Nelson, Margaret Worthington

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Typical blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus) have perennial crowns and roots and biennial canes. The first-year canes (primocanes) are usually vegetative, while second-year canes (floricanes) produce fruit. Primocane-fruiting blackberries produce fruit on first-year canes and are desirable to growers because they potentially allow for a longer harvest season in temperate regions and enable production in tropical areas where no natural chill hours are accumulated. The development of molecular markers for desirable traits can potentially increase efficiency in blackberry breeding. However, to date, there are no diagnostic molecular markers for economically important traits in blackberries. Primocane-fruiting is recessively inherited, and tetraploid blackberries …

Crisis Communication And Public Relations: How Fairs Communicated Cancellations During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Olivia Mckenna Robinson

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic halted aspects of a traditional fair including the agriculture, home economics, entertainment, and carnival exhibits that were missed by the diverse stakeholders who enjoy the traditions of this industry. This study examined how fairgoers reacted to the news of cancellation and investigated fair managers’ communication decisions. An explanatory sequential (QUANT → QUAL) mixed methods design was used. A survey was conducted asking fairgoers to recall communication strategies and feelings after the communication. A more in-depth focus group with fair managers was hosted to understand how crisis communication was utilized, and if active information seekers versus passive information …

Natural Transmission Of Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus, Matthew Manu

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

More than 60 million tons of grapes are produced annually in the world, making them one of the most widely grown fruit crops. Despite grapes’ economic and health benefits, biotic stressors, such as viruses, cause significant loss to the grape and wine industry. One such virus is grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV) which seriously threatens grape cultivation in the Midwest region of the United States. This virus has caused the removal of seven commercial vineyards since its discovery in 2004. About 34% of Ampelopsis cordata wild vines are infected with GVCV and serve as a primary inoculum for the spread …

Personality Traits Of Dairy Calves And Their Relationship With Feeding Behavior, Activity, And Performance, Emily A. Michalski

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Detection of individual differences in personality traits of animals may prove beneficial for producers to help tailor management for individuals and to make selection decisions. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were to

1) review and evaluate literature on relationships between individual cattle personality traits and feeding behavior, activity, and performance; and

2) evaluate and develop tests suitable for characterizing crossbred dairy-beef calves’ personalities and associations with behavioral patterns and performance.

The existing literature indicates that growth, intake, activity, and milk production measures from precision technologies have associations with cattle personality traits and behaviors identifiable through standardized tests. This indicates …

Experiences With Covid-19 Stress Among Hispanic/Latino Farmworkers, Brenda Berumen-Flucker, Hadiza Galadima, Sylvia Shangani, Michele Kekeh, Muge Akpinar-Elci

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Hispanics/Latinos, particularly those that identify as foreign-born, are overrepresented in the agricultural sector in the U.S. Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, this subpopulation of farmworkers was recognized as an invaluable group of essential workers unable to implement COVID-19 protections.

METHODS: Previously validated COVID-19 stress scale measures were identified, adapted, and translated to collect COVID-19 stress data from Hispanic/Latino agricultural workers in two heavily agricultural counties in northeastern North Carolina. Participants were recruited using purposive convenience sampling. Data collection took place from June to November of 2021.

RESULTS: The majority of Hispanic/Latino agricultural workers surveyed reported experiencing worries …

Exploding Haystacks: Solutions For Fermi Questions, March 2023, John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Understanding The Effects Of Age, Environmental Conditions, And Placement On Cockroach Gel Bait Performance, Isabelle Lucero

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Cockroach baits are one of the most effective tools used for German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) control. This is due in part to the number of cockroach baits on the market with various matrix compositions and active ingredients, aiding in the control of resistant (physiologically and behaviorally) cockroach populations through bait rotation. However, it remains unclear how cockroach gel baits perform over time and under different environmental conditions. Therefore, we aged six cockroach gel baits for varying times (24 hours, one month, three months, six months) and at three relative humidities (15%, 40%, and 80%), and tested their performance …

Mechanisms Of Rnai In Insects, Jin Mo Koo

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism is found in many eukaryotes and animal cells, with its endogenous functions as defense against transposable elements and viruses, as well as post transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Since its first discovery, RNAi has contributed enormously as a reverse genetic tool for functional genomic studies. In application, RNAi is used in therapeutics, as well as agricultural crop and livestock protection. Yet, for the wider application of RNAi, improvement of its potency and delivery technologies is needed. Deeper mechanistic understanding of every step of RNAi, from cellular uptake of RNAi trigger molecule to targeted mRNA degradation is …

Costs And Benefits Of Integrating Poultry Into Cover Crop - Vegetable Rotations, Viktor Halmos

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Integrated livestock systems were once common leading up to the 20th century where livestock generated manure that was then used to fertilizer crop production in a closed- or semi-closed system. However, with the industrialization of agriculture in the mid to late 20th century, specialization drove simplified systems that segregated livestock from cropping systems. This segregation led to nutrient surpluses occurring in livestock operations, and nutrient demands in cropping systems creating a plethora of environmental issues. With the increased awareness of environmental issues, a renewed interest in integration has driven producers and researchers to experiment with integration again. For research, the …

Computed Tomography Image Analysis: Modeling Skeletal Injuries In Thoroughbred Racehorses, Grace Louise Camp

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Musculoskeletal injuries account for the majority of career-ending health concerns in Thoroughbred racehorses. A small but very serious subset of these can be life-threatening and usually involve fractures of the bones in the lower limb that occur during high-speed exercise or racing competitions. Understanding the etiopathogenesis of lower forelimb bone fractures leading to catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries (CMI) is the highest safety and welfare priority in horse racing. This thesis conducted two studies utilizing computed tomography (CT) images of Thoroughbred lower limbs. The first examined bone lesion annotations in 134 horses (268 forelimbs) across 105 anatomical sites to assess the concordance …

Economics Of Maple Syrup Production In Kentucky, Bobby Thapa

Theses and Dissertations--Forestry and Natural Resources

Maple syrup production is traditionally associated with New England regions in the United States, but there is growing interest in expanding it to other regions with suitable environmental conditions, including Kentucky. This study presents an in-depth analysis of the potential production and economic impacts of maple syrup in Kentucky using a multi-method approach. First, the study applies a stochastic production model to assess the effects of climatic and tree variables on maple syrup yield. The results reveal that several variables, including the number of maple trees, taps, temperatures, tapping season length, and time, significantly affect maple syrup yield. Second, input-output …