Agriculture Commons^™

Detection Method Of Mutton Adulteration Based On Pso-Lssvm And Characteristic Wavelengths Extraction, Tian-Tian Cheng, Ke-Jian Wang, Xian-Zhong Han, Shi Li, Yuan Wang

Food and Machinery

In order to solve the problem of fast detection of adulteration of mutton and pork, the spectral collection of adulterated mutton was carried out by using a multi-spectral instrument, and the reflectivity of samples at the band of 350~1 100 nm was obtained. For data preprocessing, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was used to optimize the Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM), and a Least Squares Support Vector Machine (PSO-LSSVM) model based on Particle Swarm Optimization was established, compared with Partial Least Squares(PLS), Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and LSSVM models. The result showed that PSO algorithm could effectively optimize LSSVM …

Geographical Origin Traceability Discrimination Of Chongming Rice Wine, Xing Liu, Qai-Cai Zhang, Chun-Xia Yao, Wei-Guo Song

Food and Machinery

Shanghai Chongming rice wine was used as the main research subject in this study. The natural abundance of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes (δ²H and δ¹⁸O values), mineral elements and free amino acids content were analyzed. The discriminant models of Chongming rice wines were established and the characteristic variables were screened by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results showed that the δ²H and δ¹⁸O values, mineral elements and free amino acids content in rice wines from different geographic origins were different, but only δ^{2 …}

Design And Simulation Of Coffee Capsule Aluminum Foil Welding Equipment, Jing-Feng Ding, Xiao-Zuo Xu, Jiang Xu

Food and Machinery

In order to improve the welding quality of the aluminum foil at the bottom of the coffee capsule, a coffee capsule aluminum foil welding device based on a grooved cam drive was designed. The key transmission system of coffee capsule aluminum foil welding equipment was designed in detail, including the transmission system structure design, the calculation of groove cam motion curve, the derivation of convex contour curve, etc. In ADAMS, the key transmission system model in aluminum foil welding equipment was established, and a simulation environment was built to perform kinematic analysis on the designed transmission system. Rigid-flexible coupling analysis …

An Innovative Approach To Improve Oil Production And Quality Of Mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) With Multi-Nutrient-Rich Polyhalite, Biswajit Pramanick, B.S. Mahapatra, Debarati Datta, Prithwiraj Dey, S.P. Singh, Ajay Kumar, Bappa Paramanik, Neeraj Awasthi

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Polyhalite popularly known as POLY4 is a multi-nutrient fertiliser containing K, S, Mg, Ca, and micronutrients. POLY4 has a low carbon footprint, is certified for organic agriculture, and has the potential to improve crop productivity and quality attributes Indian mustard which often faces challenges due to imbalanced nutrition supplied in the current fertilisation schedule. The hypothesis of the study was that the multi-nutrient fartiliser POLY4 can ensure balanced nutrition for Indian mustard. Considering this, a field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2017–18 and 2018–19 to evaluate the effect of POLY4 on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) …

Bison Influences On Composition And Diversity Of Riparian Plant Communities In Yellowstone National Park, J. Boone Kauffman, Dian Lyn Cummings, Cimarron Kauffman, Robert L. Beschta, Jeremy Brooks, Keeley Macneill, William J. Ripple

Aspen Bibliography

Riparian zones are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems in the Intermountain West, USA, and provide valuable ecosystem services, including high rates of biotic productivity, nutrient processing, and carbon storage. Thus, their sustainability is a high priority for land managers. Large ungulates affect composition and structure of riparian/stream ecosystems through herbivory and physical effects, via trailing and trampling. Bison (Bison bison) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have been characterized as "ecosystem engineers" because of their demonstrated effects on phenology, aboveground productivity of grasses, and woody vegetation structure. Bison have greatly increased in numbers during the last two decades …

Workforce Trends To Watch In 2023, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel

Cornhusker Economics

The rise of quiet quitters, digital nomads, and shaky employee trust are some of the major workforce trends that need watching in 2023, according to a recent article published by the Harvard Business School. Coupled with an uncertain economy and a tight labor market, business owners can view these potential trends as either challenges that pull their business down or opportunities that offer a competitive advantage. To leverage these toward business growth and increased productivity, it takes an understanding of how these trends emerged and how they could be an asset in an ever-changing business environment.

Covers: quiet quitters, digital …

Incentive Mechanisms To Exploit Intraseasonal Price Arbitrage Opportunities For Smallholder Farmers: Experimental Evidence From Malawi, Tabitha Nindi, Jacob Ricker-Gilbert, Jonathan Bauchet

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Seasonal commodity price fluctuations can potentially offer farmers arbitrage opportunities to increase their income. However, smallholder farmers in most of sub-Saharan Africa often do not exploit these opportunities to the fullest extent possible. To inform this issue, we conducted a randomized controlled trial among 1739 smallholder farmers in Malawi to estimate the impact of two key post-harvest constraints, lack of appropriate storage technology and commitment issues, on farmers' legume storage and sales decisions. The treated groups received (i) an improved storage technology in the form of two hermetic (airtight) bags, (ii) the same improved storage technology under the condition that …

Comparisons Of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems And Agro-Terrestrial Surveys: Techniques To Determine Field Elevation Surfaces For Improved Crop And Water Management., Richard A. Pickett Jr

Student Theses and Dissertations

Row crop agriculture in Arkansas relies predominantly on groundwater resources for irrigation. This places great demand on the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA), which is in a current state of decline. The Eastern Arkansas region produces commodity crops including soybeans, rice, corn, cotton, and peanuts, all of which utilize irrigation for optimal productivity. Conservation practices that reduce groundwater use include precision land leveling, multiple inlet rice irrigation, and computerized hole size selection for furrow irrigation. To collect elevation data to irrigate efficiently, these practices require precision agriculture technology, more specifically Real-Time Kinematic–Global Navigation Satellite Systems (RTK-GNSS). As RTK-GNSS technologies …

Automation Of Irrigation To Improve Outcomes Of Agronomic Crops: On-Farm And Modeling Demonstrations, Thais Murias Jardim

Student Theses and Dissertations

Automated irrigation systems and new management practices may help address aquifer depletion, labor shortages, and irrigation management challenges. This study evaluated the impact of various automated irrigation systems on commercial farms that produce maize, rice, and soybean. It also modeled how Early Cascade Rice Irrigation Shutoff (ECIS) performs under a range of field conditions. Growers observed various benefits of using automated systems other than irrigation savings or yield increase. Timers and remote shutoff are the most practical and beneficial options for growers willing to adopt some level of automation. ECIS modeling estimates showed that applied irrigation and runoff decreased as …

Agriculture Water Use And Economic Value In The Great Salt Lake Basin, Cody Zesiger, Burdette Barker, Sarah Null, Earl Creech, Matt Yost, Ryan Larsen, Joshua Dallin

All Current Publications

This fact sheet briefly describes human impacts on GSL water volume, human population growth, surface water withdrawals, and agricultural water use from 1985 and 2015 in the GSL Basin. Finally, agriculture’s economic impact and food production in the GSL Basin are summarized.

Greenbug Feeding-Induced Resistance To Sugarcane Aphids In Sorghum, Heena Puri, Edith Ikuze, Jessica Ayala, Isabella Rodriguez, Rupesh R. Kariyat, Joe Louis, Sajjan Grover

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Plants are attacked by multiple insect pest species and insect herbivory can alter plant defense mechanisms. The plant defense responses to a specific herbivore may also contribute to the herbivore growth/survival on plants. Feeding by one insect species can modulate the plant defenses, which can either facilitate or hamper the colonization of subsequent incoming insects. However, little is known about the effect of sequential herbivory on sorghum plants. In this study, we demonstrate that a specialist aphid, sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari) grows faster on sorghum than a generalist aphid species, greenbug (GB; Schizaphis graminum). We also determined …

Pearl Millet Response To Drought: A Review, Nikee Shrestha, Hao Hu, Kumar Shrestha, Andrew N. Doust

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The C4 grass pearl millet is one of the most drought tolerant cereals and is primarily grown in marginal areas where annual rainfall is low and intermittent. It was domesticated in sub-Saharan Africa, and several studies have found that it uses a combination of morphological and physiological traits to successfully resist drought. This review explores the short term and long-term responses of pearl millet that enables it to either tolerate, avoid, escape, or recover from drought stress. The response to short term drought reveals fine tuning of osmotic adjustment, stomatal conductance, and ROS scavenging ability, along with ABA and ethylene …

Household Food Security In The Mountain West, 2021, Zachary Walusek, Corryn Richardson, Issac Hernandez-Alcaraz, Annie Vong, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Health

This fact sheet examines data on household food security published by the United States Department of Agriculture. We examine the prevalence of household food insecurity and very low food security in Mountain West states (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah) and the United States national average for comparative analysis.

Evaluation Of Polyacrylamide (Pam) Effects On Irrigation Efficiency, Soil Conservation, And Water Quality In Midsouth Cotton Production, Brittany D. Barnes

Student Theses and Dissertations

The polymer, polyacrylamide (PAM), is a high molecular weight, chemical anionic polymer that is prescribed and used for irrigation improvement in row crops primarily in the United States. A field research study was conducted in 2014, 2015 and 2016 in Northeast Arkansas to evaluate how addition of PAM in furrow irrigation affected soil erosion, water infiltration, movement of nutrients and sediments, and crop yields in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Overall results from the study were mixed. Sediment loss was similar among treatments. Irrigation advancement rates were not significantly different. No differences in crop yield were observed associated with PAM. Differences in …

Expression Of Malic Enzyme Reveals Subcellular Carbon Partitioning For Storage Reserve Production In Soybeans, Usda Agricultural Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Thomas E. Clemente, Hanh T. Nguyen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

• Central metabolism produces amino and fatty acids for protein and lipids that establish seed value. Biosynthesis of storage reserves occurs in multiple organelles that exchange central intermediates including two essential metabolites, malate, and pyruvate that are linked by malic enzyme. Malic enzyme can be active in multiple subcellular compartments, partitioning carbon and reducing equivalents for anabolic and catabolic requirements. Prior studies based on isotopic labeling and steady-state metabolic flux analyses indicated malic enzyme provides carbon for fatty acid biosynthesis in plants, though genetic evidence confirming this role is lacking. We hypothesized that increasing malic enzyme flux would alter carbon partitioning …

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Rising Interest Rates: What They Mean For You And The Economy, Timothy Meyer

Cornhusker Economics

Discusses rising interest rates what they mean for agricultural workers and the economy.

Session 2: The Effect Of Boom Leveling On Spray Dispersion, Travis A. Burgers, Miguel Bustamante, Juan F. Vivanco

SDSU Data Science Symposium

Self-propelled sprayers are commonly used in agriculture to disperse agrichemicals. These sprayers commonly have two boom wings with dozens of nozzles that disperse the chemicals. Automatic boom height systems reduce the variability of agricultural sprayer boom height, which is important to reduce uneven spray dispersion if the boom is not at the target height.

A computational model was created to simulate the spray dispersion under the following conditions: a) one stationary nozzle based on the measured spray pattern from one nozzle, b) one stationary model due to an angled boom, c) superposition of multiple stationary nozzles due an angled boom, …

Sensing And Automation Technologies For Ornamental Nursery Crop Production: Current Status And Future Prospects, Md Sultan Mahmud, Azlan Zahid, Anup Kumar Das

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

The ornamental crop industry is an important contributor to the economy in the United States. The industry has been facing challenges due to continuously increasing labor and agricultural input costs. Sensing and automation technologies have been introduced to reduce labor requirements and to ensure efficient management operations. This article reviews current sensing and automation technologies used for ornamental nursery crop production and highlights prospective technologies that can be applied for future applications. Applications of sensors, computer vision, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), Internet-of-Things (IoT), and robotic technologies are reviewed. Some advanced technologies, including 3D cameras, enhanced deep learning models, …

The Casnr L.I.N.K.S. Newsletter: Learning Innovation Network For K-12 Schools, Volume 2, Edition 2, February 2023, Bailey Feit, Tammy Mittelstet

CASNR L.I.N.K.S. Newsletter

The purpose of this L.I.N.K.S. newsletter is to provide a monthly update of opportunities and resources for K-12 schools to connect with the University of Nebraska's CASNR Food, Energy, Water, and Societal Systems (FEWS²) programs and partners.

Included in this edition:

K-12 curriculum and resources

Career exploration: Pathways for students who like animals and insects

Teacher and student opportunities

Send your students to campus

Kudos to our partners

Success story: University's TAPS program coming soon to high school class rooms

Tree Architecture And Powdery Mildew Resistance Of Yellow-Flowering Magnolias In Tennessee, Usa, Madhav Parajuli, Prabha Liyanapathiranage, Krishna Neupane, Jacob Shreckhise, Donna Fare, Benjamin Moore, Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Magnolias (Magnolia sp.) are economically important woody ornamental plants; however, plant damage associated with frost and powdery mildew (Microsphaera alni and Phyllactinia corylea) disease is a major production challenge. To understand the tree architecture and powdery mildew resistance, 26 yellow-flowering magnolias (Magnolia sp.) were evaluated in McMinnville, TN, USA (USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 6b). One-year-old containerized trees were planted in a field plot during Mar 2006, with 4.6-m plant-to-plant and 3.7-m row-to-row spacing. The experiment was a completely randomized block design with three single-plant replications. Plant height and canopy diameter were measured on Dec 2016 and …

Smart Precision Agriculture But Resource Constrained Farmers: Is Service Provision A Potential Solution? Farmer's Willingness To Pay For Laser-Land Leveling Services In Nepal, Gokul P. Paudel, Aditya Raj Khanal, Dil Bahadur Rahut, Timothy J. Krupnik, Andrew J. Mcdonald

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Farmers commonly split large, undulating crop fields, even those at similar elevation range or contour, into a patchwork of small sub-plots in plane areas of Nepal. Specifically, to ensure irrigation or rainwater throughout their cultivated rice or wheat growing areas, structures like bunds, dikes, and ditches are commonly built. These structures not only require significant labor hours to build but also incur loss of some portion of productive crop areas. Laser-land leveling (LLL) is one of the precision technologies that can prevent these area losses, save labor costs, and enhance water utilization. However, purchase of LLL system requires …

Protecting Wa Crops Issue 27 - February 2023, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Protecting WA Crops

Protecting WA Crops Issue 27 - February 2023 contents:

• Glyphosate alternatives for summer and pre-seeding knockdown weed control
• Meet Crop Protection team member – Cindy Webster

Leaf, Plant, To Canopy: A Mechanistic Study On Aboveground Plasticity And Plant Density Within A Maize–Soybean Intercrop System For The Midwest, Usa, Elena A. Pelech, Jochem B. Evers, Taylor L. Pederson, David W. Drag, Peng Fu, Carl J. Bernacchi

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plants have evolved to adapt to their neighbours through plastic trait responses. In intercrop systems, plant growth occurs at different spatial and temporal dimensions, creating a competitive light environment where aboveground plasticity may support complementarity in light-use efficiency, realizing yield gains per unit area compared with monoculture systems. Physiological and architectural plasticity including the consequences for light-use efficiency and yield in a maize-soybean solar corridor intercrop system was compared, empirically, with the standard monoculture systems of the Midwest, USA. The impact of reducing maize plant density on yield was investigated in the following year. Intercropped maize favoured physiological plasticity over …

Cover Crop Planting Practices Determine Their Performance In The U.S. Corn Belt, Katja Koehler-Cole, Roger W. Elmore, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Charles A. Francis, Charles A. Shapiro, Christopher A. Proctor, Sabrina J. Ruis, Suat Irmak, Derek M. Heeren

Nebraska Cooperative Extension: Faculty and Staff Publications

Cover crop growing periods in the western United States Corn Belt could be extended by planting earlier. We evaluated both pre-harvest broadcast interseeding and post-harvest drilling of the following cover crops: (a) cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) [RYE]; (b) a mix of rye + legumes + brassicas [MIX1], (c) a mix of rye + oat [Avena sativa L.] + legumes + brassicas (MIX2), (d) legumes [LEGU]) and (e) a no cover crop control. These were tested in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) [corn–corn] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–corn systems [soybean–corn] at three sites in Nebraska …

Sustainable And Organic Beekeeping In Chester County, John Pisciotta

Sustainability Research & Practice Seminar Presentations

Professor John Pisciotta, Biology - Sustainable and Organic Beekeeping in Chester County

Propagation Of Bananas, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Horticulture factsheets

Tissue culture is the best method for propagating bananas. It ensures they are true to type and free from pests and diseases.

Check with Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development quarantine officer before bringing tissue culture material into Western Australia.

However, planting with bits is cheap and guarantees that new diseases are not introduced.

Optimal Stomatal Theory Predicts Co2 Responses Of Stomatal Conductance In Both Gymnosperm And Angiosperm Trees, Anna Gardner, Mingkai Jiang, David S. Ellsworth, A. Robert Mackenzie, Jeremy Pritchard, Martin Karl Friedrich Bader, Craig V.M. Barton, Carl Bernacchi, Carlo Calfapietra, Kristine Y. Crous, Mirindi Eric Dusenge, Teresa E. Gimeno, Marianne Hall, Shubhangi Lamba, Sebastian Leuzinger, Johan Uddling, Jeffrey Warren, Göran Wallin, Belinda E. Medlyn

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Optimal stomatal theory predicts that stomata operate to maximise photosynthesis (Anet) and minimise transpirational water loss to achieve optimal intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). We tested whether this theory can predict stomatal responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2), and whether it can capture differences in responsiveness among woody plant functional types (PFTs). We conducted a meta-analysis of tree studies of the effect of eCO2 on iWUE and its components Anet and stomatal conductance (gs). We compared three PFTs, using the unified stomatal optimisation (USO) model to account for confounding effects of leaf–air vapour pressure difference (D). We expected smaller gs, but …

Invasive Annual Grasses—Reenvisioning Approaches In A Changing Climate, David Archer, David Toledo, Dana M. Blumenthal, Justin Derner, Usda Ars Burns, Oregon, Kirk Davies, Erik Hamerlynck, Roger Sheley, Pat Clark, Fred Pierson, Charlie Clements, Beth Newingham, Brian Rector, John Gaskin, Carissa L. Wonkka, Kevin Jensen, Tom Monaco, Lance T. Vermeire, Stephen L. Young

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

For nearly a century, invasive annual grasses have increasingly impacted terrestrial ecosystems across the western United States. Weather variability associated with climate change and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are making even more difficult the challenges of managing invasive annual grasses. As part of a special issue on climate change impacts on soil and water conservation, the topic of invasive annual grasses is being addressed by scientists at the USDA Agricultural Research Service to emphasize the need for additional research and future studies that build on current knowledge and account for (extreme) changes in abiotic and biotic conditions. Much research …

Banana Management In The Ord River Irrigation Area (Oria), Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Horticulture factsheets

The Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA) is suitable for growing bananas. However, due to the local climate, management is slightly different to other Western Australian growing regions such as Carnarvon.

There are many considerations when planning to establish a banana plantation. A summary of these practices is given below. For more specific information on each practice see the other documents in this series.

2023 Nebraska Crop Production Budgets Higher Costs And Risks, Glennis Mcmclure

Cornhusker Economics

The Nebraska crop budgets are available for the 2023 production season. The 84 budgets indicate cost of production increases. Estimated average economic or total costs per bushel for 2023 corn production are expected to be at least 23% to 25% greater than last year. Soybeans are estimated to be 13% to 19% more in economic costs per bushel, with wheat production costs having jumped over 20% compared to last year and running as high as 63% higher over the last two years combined. Cost scenarios for individual producers can vary based on their timing of input purchases and price variabilities.