Agriculture Commons^™

Antimicrobial Activity Of Chrysanthemum Buds Aqueous Extract On Escherichia Coli And Its Application, Peng Fei, Min Xing, Chao-Qin Jiao, Bao-Xin Yang, Xin-Ying Hu, An-Ran Shao, Lin Lu, Huai-Bin Kang, Ling Guo

Food and Machinery

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Chrysanthemum buds aqueous extract (CBAE) on Escherichia coli, and discuss its application in meat products. The antimicrobial activity of CBAE against E. coli was evaluated by the determination of diameter of the inhibition zone (DIZ), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The possible action mechanism was revealed by the effect of CBAE on the growth curve, and the changes in intracellular ATP concentration, cell membrane potential, and cell morphology. Finally, the CBAE was used in the preservation of cooked pork. The results showed that the …

Separation And Purification Of Polysaccharides From Liquid Fermentation Product By Cordyceps Tenuipes, Xiao-Ai Wang, Jian-Dong Liang, Xiao-Jiao Gao, Yuan-Jun Cai, Yu-Meng Qin, Wei-Yi Tian

Food and Machinery

Using Box-Behnken central combination test design and single factor test were used to optimize the fermentation process of cordyceps polysaccharide, water extraction and alcohol precipitation process and deproteinization process. The results showed that the optimum fermentation conditions of Cordyceps tenuipes were glucose 33.3 g/L, peptone 29.2 g/L, inoculation amount 3.9%. The optimum extraction conditions of Exopolysaccharides were concentration, 3 times ethanol, pH 6.0 and precipitation for 24 h. The optimum extraction conditions were 1∶40 (g/mL), extraction time 90 min, extraction times 2 times, and extraction temperature 80 ℃. In the purification of polysaccharides, the optimum deproteinization techniques of Sevage were …

Effect Of Roasting Process On The Quality Of Tea Used In Green-Tea Beverages, Bin-Zhang Huang, Xiao-Rong Lin, Zhong-Zheng Chen, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Xiao-Hui Liu, Long-Xin Luo, Bin Li

Food and Machinery

To explore the effects of the roasting process on the quality of green tea used as raw materials in the industrial production of green tea beverages and to optimize the roasting process, steamed green tea was roasted using a roaster and an oven, respectively. Effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, and the dosage of additional water on the sensory quality, contents of major chemical components, and the composition of volatile components of green tea were analyzed. The roasting process of green tea using roaster and oven was optimized using the orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the odor of grass …

Progress On Phytochemicals And Antimicrobial Mechanism Of Cranberry, Xiao-Han Liu, Yuan-Liang Wang

Food and Machinery

This review summarizes recent studies on the composition and efficacy of phytochemicals contained in cranberry and describes their antimicrobial effects on uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, oral bacteria, and most food-borne pathogens and the mechanism.

Variation Analysis Of Conventional Chemical Component Content And Sensory Quality Among Different Sections Of Full Flavor, Yi-Qiong Ma, Chao Liu, Liang-Kun Cheng, Bao-Lin Wang, Qian Yao, Yue Li, Ting Cui, Wen-Chao Zheng, Xin-Ling Yang, Mao-Lin Liu

Food and Machinery

In order to provide evidence for cutting and processing of full flavor style flue-cured tobacco leaf in Henan full flavor style flue-cured tobacco leaves, C3F grade tobacco leaf samples in Pingdingshan were sliced into ten portions. In order to study the variation of conventional chemical component content and sensory quality of Henan full flavor style flue-cured tobacco leaves among different sections, using the method of principal component analysis and clustering analysis. The result showed that: the chemical component content of flue-cured tobacco presented otherness and regularity. The content of total nicotine, protein, ratio of nitrogen and nicotine, aroma quality, aroma …

Economic Analysis And Regulatory Research On False Publicity Of Health Food, Yao-Zhong Liang, Yan-Bo Jiang

Food and Machinery

False propaganda lies in the use of "information asymmetry". Effective regulation of false propaganda not only needs to eliminate any possibility of the occurrence of prior information asymmetry from the source, but also needs to take effective legal means to deal with the moral hazard caused by subsequent information asymmetry. In this review, we sorted out the research results of the externality problem of false publicity and the existing legislation of relevant problems, and analyzed the causes of the externality of false publicity. The ways to solve the externality problem were explored, and the existing problems in China's current legislation …

Simulation And Design Of Raking Knives Based On Bionic Design Method, Zhi-Feng Zhang, Jun-Xia Zhang, Yan Zhang

Food and Machinery

In order to shorten the filtration period of wort in the lauter tun and improve the quality of wort, A bionic raking knife suitable for the operation of the lauter tun was designed. The biological model of mole cricket claw teeth of its digging foot was reconstructed, and the dynamic process of claw teeth wedging into soil was simulated. According to the simulation results, the claw tooth T4 has the highest similarity with the design objectives of raking knife. The key contour curve is extracted from the biological model of claw tooth T4, and the curve formula is fitted with …

Research On Recognition Method For Automatic Orientating Betel Nut, Liang-Pei Hunag, Yong Shu, Xian Wang, Yang Liu

Food and Machinery

When the betel nut bittern is in the process of betel nut bittern, the betel nut needs to be loaded first. In this process, there will be some places in the wobble plate that are not equipped with betel nut. In turn, it will cause the machine to perform bittern on empty positions, causing waste of bittern and reducing the efficiency of bittern. In view of the situation that the machine is leaking or emptying the betel nut on the betel nut swing plate, it is necessary to identify the betel nut on the bittern plate before the bite point. …

Design Of Bonding Device For Mounting Box And Analysis Of The Key Structure And Function, Ming-Min Dong, Ying Li, Chong-Chong Xie, Hai-Shan Li, Jian-Hui Yang

Food and Machinery

In order to adapt to the demand of diversification of gift box packaging, aiming at the low efficiency and high cost of the current production mode of artificial assembly line in packaging enterprises, an adhesive device for mounting box was designed. The device was based on the process of assembly line production mode and mainly composed of image acquisition unit, spray unit, grab unit and press unit. The image processing of a shell product and the motion simulation analysis of the manipulator were carried out in Matlab respectively. The result of image processing showed that Canny operator had better effect …

Design And Simulation Of Coffee Capsule Aluminum Foil Welding Equipment, Jing-Feng Ding, Xiao-Zuo Xu, Jiang Xu

Food and Machinery

In order to improve the welding quality of the aluminum foil at the bottom of the coffee capsule, a coffee capsule aluminum foil welding device based on a grooved cam drive was designed. The key transmission system of coffee capsule aluminum foil welding equipment was designed in detail, including the transmission system structure design, the calculation of groove cam motion curve, the derivation of convex contour curve, etc. In ADAMS, the key transmission system model in aluminum foil welding equipment was established, and a simulation environment was built to perform kinematic analysis on the designed transmission system. Rigid-flexible coupling analysis …

Effect Of Cryoprotectant On The Quality Of Quick-Frozen Pumpkin Puree And Its Mechanism, Dan-Lu Yang, Yi Shi, Jin-Hong Wu, Yu Ge, Xiang-Hong Li, Shao-Yun Wang

Food and Machinery

In order to evaluate the effect of novel cryoprotectants composed of pectin, collagen peptide and trehalose on the quality of quick-frozen pumpkin puree and relative mechanism, the stability of the pumpkin puree was characterized by the water separation proportion, average particle size and Zeta potential value, and the product quality was evaluated by texture properties, color and total soluble solid content. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscope (CLSM) were also used to observe the microstructure of the sample. The results showed that the cryoprotectants could significantly slow down the increase tendency in WSP and particle size, and …

An Innovative Approach To Improve Oil Production And Quality Of Mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) With Multi-Nutrient-Rich Polyhalite, Biswajit Pramanick, B.S. Mahapatra, Debarati Datta, Prithwiraj Dey, S.P. Singh, Ajay Kumar, Bappa Paramanik, Neeraj Awasthi

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Polyhalite popularly known as POLY4 is a multi-nutrient fertiliser containing K, S, Mg, Ca, and micronutrients. POLY4 has a low carbon footprint, is certified for organic agriculture, and has the potential to improve crop productivity and quality attributes Indian mustard which often faces challenges due to imbalanced nutrition supplied in the current fertilisation schedule. The hypothesis of the study was that the multi-nutrient fartiliser POLY4 can ensure balanced nutrition for Indian mustard. Considering this, a field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2017–18 and 2018–19 to evaluate the effect of POLY4 on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) …

Bison Influences On Composition And Diversity Of Riparian Plant Communities In Yellowstone National Park, J. Boone Kauffman, Dian Lyn Cummings, Cimarron Kauffman, Robert L. Beschta, Jeremy Brooks, Keeley Macneill, William J. Ripple

Aspen Bibliography

Riparian zones are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems in the Intermountain West, USA, and provide valuable ecosystem services, including high rates of biotic productivity, nutrient processing, and carbon storage. Thus, their sustainability is a high priority for land managers. Large ungulates affect composition and structure of riparian/stream ecosystems through herbivory and physical effects, via trailing and trampling. Bison (Bison bison) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have been characterized as "ecosystem engineers" because of their demonstrated effects on phenology, aboveground productivity of grasses, and woody vegetation structure. Bison have greatly increased in numbers during the last two decades …

Workforce Trends To Watch In 2023, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel

Cornhusker Economics

The rise of quiet quitters, digital nomads, and shaky employee trust are some of the major workforce trends that need watching in 2023, according to a recent article published by the Harvard Business School. Coupled with an uncertain economy and a tight labor market, business owners can view these potential trends as either challenges that pull their business down or opportunities that offer a competitive advantage. To leverage these toward business growth and increased productivity, it takes an understanding of how these trends emerged and how they could be an asset in an ever-changing business environment.

Covers: quiet quitters, digital …

Greenbug Feeding-Induced Resistance To Sugarcane Aphids In Sorghum, Heena Puri, Edith Ikuze, Jessica Ayala, Isabella Rodriguez, Rupesh R. Kariyat, Joe Louis, Sajjan Grover

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Plants are attacked by multiple insect pest species and insect herbivory can alter plant defense mechanisms. The plant defense responses to a specific herbivore may also contribute to the herbivore growth/survival on plants. Feeding by one insect species can modulate the plant defenses, which can either facilitate or hamper the colonization of subsequent incoming insects. However, little is known about the effect of sequential herbivory on sorghum plants. In this study, we demonstrate that a specialist aphid, sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari) grows faster on sorghum than a generalist aphid species, greenbug (GB; Schizaphis graminum). We also determined …

Pearl Millet Response To Drought: A Review, Nikee Shrestha, Hao Hu, Kumar Shrestha, Andrew N. Doust

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The C4 grass pearl millet is one of the most drought tolerant cereals and is primarily grown in marginal areas where annual rainfall is low and intermittent. It was domesticated in sub-Saharan Africa, and several studies have found that it uses a combination of morphological and physiological traits to successfully resist drought. This review explores the short term and long-term responses of pearl millet that enables it to either tolerate, avoid, escape, or recover from drought stress. The response to short term drought reveals fine tuning of osmotic adjustment, stomatal conductance, and ROS scavenging ability, along with ABA and ethylene …

Comparisons Of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems And Agro-Terrestrial Surveys: Techniques To Determine Field Elevation Surfaces For Improved Crop And Water Management., Richard A. Pickett Jr

Student Theses and Dissertations

Row crop agriculture in Arkansas relies predominantly on groundwater resources for irrigation. This places great demand on the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA), which is in a current state of decline. The Eastern Arkansas region produces commodity crops including soybeans, rice, corn, cotton, and peanuts, all of which utilize irrigation for optimal productivity. Conservation practices that reduce groundwater use include precision land leveling, multiple inlet rice irrigation, and computerized hole size selection for furrow irrigation. To collect elevation data to irrigate efficiently, these practices require precision agriculture technology, more specifically Real-Time Kinematic–Global Navigation Satellite Systems (RTK-GNSS). As RTK-GNSS technologies …

Automation Of Irrigation To Improve Outcomes Of Agronomic Crops: On-Farm And Modeling Demonstrations, Thais Murias Jardim

Student Theses and Dissertations

Automated irrigation systems and new management practices may help address aquifer depletion, labor shortages, and irrigation management challenges. This study evaluated the impact of various automated irrigation systems on commercial farms that produce maize, rice, and soybean. It also modeled how Early Cascade Rice Irrigation Shutoff (ECIS) performs under a range of field conditions. Growers observed various benefits of using automated systems other than irrigation savings or yield increase. Timers and remote shutoff are the most practical and beneficial options for growers willing to adopt some level of automation. ECIS modeling estimates showed that applied irrigation and runoff decreased as …

Agriculture Water Use And Economic Value In The Great Salt Lake Basin, Cody Zesiger, Burdette Barker, Sarah Null, Earl Creech, Matt Yost, Ryan Larsen, Joshua Dallin

All Current Publications

This fact sheet briefly describes human impacts on GSL water volume, human population growth, surface water withdrawals, and agricultural water use from 1985 and 2015 in the GSL Basin. Finally, agriculture’s economic impact and food production in the GSL Basin are summarized.

Household Food Security In The Mountain West, 2021, Zachary Walusek, Corryn Richardson, Issac Hernandez-Alcaraz, Annie Vong, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Health

This fact sheet examines data on household food security published by the United States Department of Agriculture. We examine the prevalence of household food insecurity and very low food security in Mountain West states (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah) and the United States national average for comparative analysis.

Expression Of Malic Enzyme Reveals Subcellular Carbon Partitioning For Storage Reserve Production In Soybeans, Usda Agricultural Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Thomas E. Clemente, Hanh T. Nguyen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

• Central metabolism produces amino and fatty acids for protein and lipids that establish seed value. Biosynthesis of storage reserves occurs in multiple organelles that exchange central intermediates including two essential metabolites, malate, and pyruvate that are linked by malic enzyme. Malic enzyme can be active in multiple subcellular compartments, partitioning carbon and reducing equivalents for anabolic and catabolic requirements. Prior studies based on isotopic labeling and steady-state metabolic flux analyses indicated malic enzyme provides carbon for fatty acid biosynthesis in plants, though genetic evidence confirming this role is lacking. We hypothesized that increasing malic enzyme flux would alter carbon partitioning …

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Evaluation Of Polyacrylamide (Pam) Effects On Irrigation Efficiency, Soil Conservation, And Water Quality In Midsouth Cotton Production, Brittany D. Barnes

Student Theses and Dissertations

The polymer, polyacrylamide (PAM), is a high molecular weight, chemical anionic polymer that is prescribed and used for irrigation improvement in row crops primarily in the United States. A field research study was conducted in 2014, 2015 and 2016 in Northeast Arkansas to evaluate how addition of PAM in furrow irrigation affected soil erosion, water infiltration, movement of nutrients and sediments, and crop yields in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Overall results from the study were mixed. Sediment loss was similar among treatments. Irrigation advancement rates were not significantly different. No differences in crop yield were observed associated with PAM. Differences in …

Rising Interest Rates: What They Mean For You And The Economy, Timothy Meyer

Cornhusker Economics

Discusses rising interest rates what they mean for agricultural workers and the economy.

Session 2: The Effect Of Boom Leveling On Spray Dispersion, Travis A. Burgers, Miguel Bustamante, Juan F. Vivanco

SDSU Data Science Symposium

Self-propelled sprayers are commonly used in agriculture to disperse agrichemicals. These sprayers commonly have two boom wings with dozens of nozzles that disperse the chemicals. Automatic boom height systems reduce the variability of agricultural sprayer boom height, which is important to reduce uneven spray dispersion if the boom is not at the target height.

A computational model was created to simulate the spray dispersion under the following conditions: a) one stationary nozzle based on the measured spray pattern from one nozzle, b) one stationary model due to an angled boom, c) superposition of multiple stationary nozzles due an angled boom, …

Sensing And Automation Technologies For Ornamental Nursery Crop Production: Current Status And Future Prospects, Md Sultan Mahmud, Azlan Zahid, Anup Kumar Das

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

The ornamental crop industry is an important contributor to the economy in the United States. The industry has been facing challenges due to continuously increasing labor and agricultural input costs. Sensing and automation technologies have been introduced to reduce labor requirements and to ensure efficient management operations. This article reviews current sensing and automation technologies used for ornamental nursery crop production and highlights prospective technologies that can be applied for future applications. Applications of sensors, computer vision, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), Internet-of-Things (IoT), and robotic technologies are reviewed. Some advanced technologies, including 3D cameras, enhanced deep learning models, …

The Casnr L.I.N.K.S. Newsletter: Learning Innovation Network For K-12 Schools, Volume 2, Edition 2, February 2023, Bailey Feit, Tammy Mittelstet

CASNR L.I.N.K.S. Newsletter

The purpose of this L.I.N.K.S. newsletter is to provide a monthly update of opportunities and resources for K-12 schools to connect with the University of Nebraska's CASNR Food, Energy, Water, and Societal Systems (FEWS²) programs and partners.

Included in this edition:

K-12 curriculum and resources

Career exploration: Pathways for students who like animals and insects

Teacher and student opportunities

Send your students to campus

Kudos to our partners

Success story: University's TAPS program coming soon to high school class rooms

Tree Architecture And Powdery Mildew Resistance Of Yellow-Flowering Magnolias In Tennessee, Usa, Madhav Parajuli, Prabha Liyanapathiranage, Krishna Neupane, Jacob Shreckhise, Donna Fare, Benjamin Moore, Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Magnolias (Magnolia sp.) are economically important woody ornamental plants; however, plant damage associated with frost and powdery mildew (Microsphaera alni and Phyllactinia corylea) disease is a major production challenge. To understand the tree architecture and powdery mildew resistance, 26 yellow-flowering magnolias (Magnolia sp.) were evaluated in McMinnville, TN, USA (USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 6b). One-year-old containerized trees were planted in a field plot during Mar 2006, with 4.6-m plant-to-plant and 3.7-m row-to-row spacing. The experiment was a completely randomized block design with three single-plant replications. Plant height and canopy diameter were measured on Dec 2016 and …

Smart Precision Agriculture But Resource Constrained Farmers: Is Service Provision A Potential Solution? Farmer's Willingness To Pay For Laser-Land Leveling Services In Nepal, Gokul P. Paudel, Aditya Raj Khanal, Dil Bahadur Rahut, Timothy J. Krupnik, Andrew J. Mcdonald

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Farmers commonly split large, undulating crop fields, even those at similar elevation range or contour, into a patchwork of small sub-plots in plane areas of Nepal. Specifically, to ensure irrigation or rainwater throughout their cultivated rice or wheat growing areas, structures like bunds, dikes, and ditches are commonly built. These structures not only require significant labor hours to build but also incur loss of some portion of productive crop areas. Laser-land leveling (LLL) is one of the precision technologies that can prevent these area losses, save labor costs, and enhance water utilization. However, purchase of LLL system requires …

Protecting Wa Crops Issue 27 - February 2023, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Protecting WA Crops

Protecting WA Crops Issue 27 - February 2023 contents:

• Glyphosate alternatives for summer and pre-seeding knockdown weed control
• Meet Crop Protection team member – Cindy Webster

Cover Crop Planting Practices Determine Their Performance In The U.S. Corn Belt, Katja Koehler-Cole, Roger W. Elmore, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Charles A. Francis, Charles A. Shapiro, Christopher A. Proctor, Sabrina J. Ruis, Suat Irmak, Derek M. Heeren

Nebraska Cooperative Extension: Faculty and Staff Publications

Cover crop growing periods in the western United States Corn Belt could be extended by planting earlier. We evaluated both pre-harvest broadcast interseeding and post-harvest drilling of the following cover crops: (a) cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) [RYE]; (b) a mix of rye + legumes + brassicas [MIX1], (c) a mix of rye + oat [Avena sativa L.] + legumes + brassicas (MIX2), (d) legumes [LEGU]) and (e) a no cover crop control. These were tested in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) [corn–corn] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–corn systems [soybean–corn] at three sites in Nebraska …