Agriculture Commons^™

Research Progress On Extraction Methods And Biological Activities Of Korean Pine Seed Oil, Chen Ping, Wang Jin, Li Hua

Food and Machinery

The natural vegetable oil known as Korean pine seed oil is well-known for its high content of being various unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic, linoleic and pinopuric acid. It has been proved that Korean pine seed oil has several physiological benefits such as lowering blood lipids, enhanceing immunity, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and anti-tumor. This review summarized the extraction methods and pharmacological effects of Korean pine seed oil in recent years, and put forward good suggestions for its application in edible oil and industrial production.

Research And Application Status Of Molecular Simulation Technology In Food Field, Bi Xinjian, Wen Shiyu, Qu Tingmin, Wu Hao, Xie Yufei, Wen Li

Food and Machinery

In the food field, a large number of phenomena and problems that are difficult to be macroscopically explained by traditional experimental methods occur during the process of research and development in upstream laboratories to production in downstream factories. Molecular simulation techniques are not only efficient and cost-effective, but also an important tool for connecting micro and macro scales, because molecular models can be used to study molecular behaviors at the atomic level, and thus predict and explain experimental results. This review summarized the commonly used software and databases for molecular simulation techniques, and introduced their applications in recent years in …

Design Of Apple Damage Automatic Detection System Based On Machine Vision, Qin Yinchu, Li Tao, Li Xu, Wang Meiling, Tan Zhiying

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To meet the practical requirements for comprehensive grading based on the appearance quality and size of apples, and to address issues such as low efficiency of manual sorting, complex structure, and high cost of sorting equipment for Chinese apples. [Methods] A YOLOv5s-apple model was proposed. The transformer module and CBAM attention module were introduced into the backbone network, and the weighted Bidirectional feature pyramid network (Bi-FPN) was added to improve the neck network. Then, combined with HALCON software, a self-designed intelligent apple damage detection system was used to carry out damage sorting and size classification. [Results] The experimental results …

Early Spoilage Detection Of Apple Based On Generative Adversarial Network And Mask R-Cnn, Yu Qilong, Zhao Xiaodong, Ji Yu, Wang Chunrong, Sun Yao

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To improve the detection accuracy of early apple spoilage zone. [Methods] An apple spoilage detection method was proposed based on generative adversarial network and convolutional neural network. The Pix2PixHD model was used to generate near-infrared imaging data of stored apples in the early postharvest metamorphic area. The Mask R-CNN model was used to segment the generated near Infrared image to detect the deterioration zone in the apple. Based on generative adversarial network and convolutional neural network technology, the early deterioration region segmentation and prediction of postharvest apples were implemented by using the generated near-infrared imaging data on a low-cost …

Effects Of Pre-Freezing And Sucrose Impregnation Methods On The Quality Of Freeze-Dried Apple Slices, Guo Ziyu, Hu Jiaqi, Yang Feifei, Liu Wuyi, Wang Haiou

Food and Machinery

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of two pre-freezing methods (vacuum freezing and atmospheric pressure freezing) and two dipping methods (sucrose impregnation before pre-freezing and sucrose impregnation during freeze-drying) on the quality of freeze-dried apple slices. [Methods] The freeze-drying process was divided into six groups: vacuum pre-freezing without sucrose immersion (VFFD), atmospheric pre-freezing without sucrose immersion (CFFD), vacuum pre-freezing with sucrose immersion (BSVFFD), vacuum pre-freezing with sucrose immersion (MSVFFD), atmospheric pre-freezing with sucrose immersion (BSCFFD) and atmospheric pre-freezing with sucrose immersion (MSCFFD). The main quality indexes of freeze-dried apple slices in each group were analyzed. [Results] The color …

Effects Of Lipid Concomitants On The Stability Of Rapeseed Oil Nanoemulsions, Zhao Wenshuo, Tang Zhonghai, Guo Shiyin, Xiao Hang, Fan Wei

Food and Machinery

Objective： Clarifying the effects of lipid co-passengers on the stability of rapeseed oil emulsions and prepare high-stability nano-emulsions. Methods： The endogenous lipidassociated compounds of rapeseed oil were subjected to column chromatography filtration, followed by various concentration gradient re-addition. High-pressure microfluidization was utilized to prepare nanoemulsions, which were subsequently characterized. The influence of lipid associated compound content on the stability of rapeseed oil emulsions was also investigated. Results: The preparation of rapeseed oil nanoemulsions reached optimal conditions when the α-tocopherol content was 292 mg/kg, rapeseed polyphenols content was 32 mg/kg, β-sitosterol content was 6 712 mg/kg, and β-carotene …

Development Of High Efficiency Hazelnut Shell Breaking Machine, He Ting, Liu Ke, Zhang Rui, Ren Guangyue, Liu Zhaohan

Food and Machinery

Objective: In order to solve the phenomenon of low mechanical shelling efficiency and high kernel breakage rate of hazelnut, a vertical cone shell breaking machine was designed with automatic adjustment of clearance through compression spring. Methods: The key structure of the shell breaker was composed of three core components: the vertical cone inner roller, the slatted screen outer roller and the pressure spring device, and the stress of the hazelnuts in the shelling cavity of the shell breaker was analyzed. Results: The main parameters of the vertical cone hazelnut shell breaker were determined: the taper of the uniform cone was …

Research Progress On Transparency Mechanism Of Egg White Heat Gel, Lu Xinhong, Xiang Xiaole, Yu Zhuosi, Chen Le, Dong Shiqin, Li Zixiao

Food and Machinery

Protein-based gels have attracted much attention due to their unique advantages in the field of food and medicine due to their optical transparency. Transparent gels are expected to become high-end protein-based gel foods similar to bird 's nest or their processing excipients （ materials ）. Exploring the difference mechanism of optical properties of egg white thermal gels is expected to become the key to overcome the high-quality utilization of egg white gels. In this paper, the formation mechanism and influencing factors of egg white gel transparency were reviewed. The formation mechanism of egg white thermal gel was analyzed in depth, …

Grain And Chaff Separation Detection Method Based On Machine Vision, Li Xin, Qi Jiamin, Cheng Hao, Wang Yanchun

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To solve the problem of poor manual detection accuracy of traditional grain and chaff separator and improve production efficiency. [Methods] An image detection method based on machine vision was proposed, which realized the feature recognition and separation of grain rough through multi-stage progressive fusion of different image algorithms. The acquired images were selected in the ROI region and enhanced by Retinex algorithm. The Otsu algorithm was used to segment the image, and then the median filtering wwas combined with morphology to remove the image noise. The improved Canny algorithm was used to detect edge features of binary images, and …

An Overview Of Research On The Use Of Intangible Cultural Heritage In Food Packaging Design, Wu Yuqing, Xu Haibo, Zhu Yiwei

Food and Machinery

The paper summarizes and analyzes the progress of research on the use of intangible cultural heritage in food packaging design through the number of articles, keywords, research objects, research perspectives and ideas. The study analyzes the application of intangible cultural heritage in food packaging design from three aspects: principles, strategies, and methods. It also explores the future development directions, suggesting that future research can guide design practice through theoretical studies and validate design practice using big data models.

Chemical Composition Analysis Of Walnut Leaves And Their Ethanol Extracts, He Jiali, Hu Enming, Wang Jihui, Hu Bokai, Liu Yana

Food and Machinery

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of walnut leaves. [Methods] The volatile components of walnut leaves were analyzed by head-space solid micro-extraction and coupled with GC-MS. The chemical composition of ethanol extract was identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive). [Results] 88 kinds of volatile compounds were identified in walnut leaves, mainly terpenoids, of which sesquiterpenoids account for 78.35%. 30 kinds of active components were identified from ethanol extracts, including twenty kinds of polyphenols (twelve kinds of flavonoids), four kinds of phenylpropanoids, three kinds of pentacyclic triterpenoids, two kinds …

Optimization Of The Preparation Process For Propolis Liposome And Antioxidant Activity Analysis, Sun Siyuan, Kong Lingjie, Zhu Hequan, Dong Jie

Food and Machinery

[Objective] This study aimed to improve the water solubility of propolis, and expand the application of propolis in food industry. [Methods] By utilizing the film dispersion method, propolis liposome was prepared with cholesterol and soy lecithin as the wall material and propolis as the core component. The optimal preparation process for propolis liposome was optimized through a combination of one-factor experiments and response surface methodology with the encapsulation rate as the test index, and its antioxidant activity was also analyzed and evaluated. [Results] The optimal process for preparing propolis liposome consisted of 2.5 g/100 mL soy lecithin, a cholesterol to …

Biological Activity And Food Application Of Carboxymethyl Pachymaran, Xu Pan, Zhang Fangming, Zheng Hui, Dai Xinwen, Yang Yong

Food and Machinery

Carboxymethyl pachymaran （CMP） is a carboxymethylated modification product of the water-insoluble polysaccharides from Poria cocos. It has many biological activities such as immune regulation, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, liver damage protection and intestinal flora regulation. It has a wide application prospect in functional food, active molecular carrier, medicine and other fields. In this paper, the research of CMP at home and abroad in recent years was focused, the biological activity, preparation, identification and application development of CMP were reviewed, and the future development direction of CMP was prospected.

Strategic Study On Leading Construction Of Modern Agricultural System By Technology Innovation, Yan Yan, Xurong Mei, Xiudong Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Technology innovation is the fundamental solution to build a modern agricultural system, and it is also an important support for building the large base, large enterprise, and large industry of modern agriculture and achieving the modernization of material equipment, technology, management, agricultural informatization, and sustainable resource utilization of agriculture. This paper explains the scientific concepts and logical relationships of the agricultural production system, industrial system and management system, which are the main components of a modern agricultural system. It emphasizes that ensuring food security, promoting industrial integration and upgrading, and cultivating leading enterprises are current key tasks. Nevertheless, from the …

Fundamental Theory And Technological Innovation In Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling: Promoting Sustainable Development Of Agriculture, Xu Zhao, Longlong Xia, Yongqiu Xia, Xiaoyuan Yan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station (hereinafter referred to as Changshu Station) was officially established in 1987. Changshu Station is the only multidisciplinary comprehensive observation, research, and demonstration station within Chinese Academy of Sciences in the Yangtze River Delta region, focusing on researches about agricultural production, resources utilization, and environmental protection. Since its establishment, Changshu Station is the pioneer in conducting systematic observational research on soil nitrogen cycling, soil carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, and agricultural non-point source pollution. Over the past five years, Changshu Station has focused on three major scientific issues facing green and sustainable …

Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation And Research Station, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Institute Of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Cover Cropping: How Sustainability And Economics Can Work Hand In Hand, Emma Reyes

Business and Economics Summer Fellows

Research finds that over half of the agricultural lands worldwide have been moderately or severely affected by soil degradation (Kopittke et al., 2019). This problem is further heightened by the fact that many farmers are concerned about the profitability of sustainable practices. As a result, this may lead to an increase in the practice of more harmful conventional agricultural techniques if they continue to be considered more economically beneficial in comparison. This paper aims to see if the use of a specific sustainable practice known as cover cropping can help to increase the level of economic benefits farmers receive. Cover …

Perceived Beef Producer Challenges And Competencies For A Value-Added Beef Extension Program, Sarah J. Al-Mazroa Smith, Greg Miller

Journal of Extension

As markets are changing in the beef industry, producers are seeking new opportunities for value-added beef production. A select group of beef industry experts and experienced beef producers have come to consensus regarding challenges that producers face in the current marketplace. They identified competencies that would be a positive addition to a value-added beef Extension program. Competencies and challenges were organized to enable Extension specialists to create a new Extension program framework.

Workshop Wine Wednesdays: Improving Knowledge And Motivations About Local Wines., Aude A. Watrelot, Sarah Al-Mazroa Smith, Sarah L. Francis

Journal of Extension

The grape and wine industry in Iowa is based on non-Vitis vinifera grapes, which are not well-known by consumers and come with their own set of challenges, such as promotion. The Wine Wednesdays workshop focused on promoting awareness and knowledge of local wines and grapes. Results indicate gain in self-perceived knowledge and intention of behavior changes toward local grapes and wines. These workshops also participate in the development of relationships among wineries, which is overall beneficial for the local grape and wine industry.

Annual Forage Insurance Program Performance, Jay Parsons

Cornhusker Economics

In 2014, the Annual Forage Insurance Program (AFIP) was offered for the first time by the USDA – Risk Management Agency (RMA) as a pilot program for the states of Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. It was expanded to include Colorado in 2016 and New Mexico in 2017. This year marks the 10-year anniversary of the program, and the goal of this article is to provide a summary of where the program is and how it is being used. We will focus specific attention on Nebraska but also provide an overview of the national picture.

The …

Greater Aperture Counteracts Effects Of Reduced Stomatal Density On Water Use Efficiency: A Case Study On Sugarcane And Meta-Analysis, Daniel Lunn, Baskaran Kannan, Amandine Germon, Alistair Leverett, Thomas E. Clemente, Fredy Altpeter, Andrew D.B. Leakey

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Stomata regulate CO₂ and water vapor exchange between leaves and the atmosphere. Stomata are a target for engineering to improve crop intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). One example is by expressing genes that lower stomatal density (SD) and reduce stomatal conductance (g_sw). However, the quantitative relationship between reduced SD, g_sw, and the mechanisms underlying it is poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap using low-SD sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) as a case study alongside a meta-analysis of data from 10 species. Transgenic expression of EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 2 from Sorghum bicolor (SbEPF2) in sugarcane …

The Impact Of Xenophobia On Agricultural Trade In South Africa, Maxwell Peprah Amponsem

LSU Master's Theses

The growing number of farm attacks and xenophobia is one of the most serious crime issues facing the South African government. This study examines the impact of xenophobia on agricultural trade, using port-level trade data and xenophobia incident records from 2010 to 2023. Utilizing fixed effects Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) specifications, I find a significant negative impact of xenophobia on agricultural exports, while non-agricultural trade remains unaffected. These findings highlight the need for targeted policy interventions to combat xenophobic violence and stabilize the agricultural sector, ensuring the continuity of South Africa's trade and economic growth.

Revisiting Fr13a For Submergence Tolerance: Beyond The Sub1a Gene, Waseem Hussain, Mahender Anumalla, Abdelbagi M. Ismail, Harkamal Walia, Vistas Kumar Singh, Ajay Kohli, Sankalp Bhosale, Hans Bhardwaj

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Rice landrace FR13A is the original donor of the SUB1A gene. FR13A harbors hidden genetic variation that surpasses the submergence tolerance level of SUB1A. Here, we provide an overview of the unique features of FR13A associated with exceptional recovery ability that have been overlooked since the significant discovery of the SUB1 locus. We present a detailed overview of how to underpin the new genes associated with the recovery ability seen in FR13A. Finally, we propose a unique approach to develop rice cultivars that surpass submergence tolerance beyond the SUB1 locus from FR13A.

The Growth Of Ethanol In Brazil: Sugarcane, Corn, And A Few Other Things, Fabio Mattos

Cornhusker Economics

Although we can expect more ethanol produced from corn in the coming years, it is unclear whether it will keep expanding at the same pace as in recent years or how much it will contribute to total ethanol production.

One point to keep an eye on is the typical dynamics of markets. If supply and demand conditions and price movements make corn-ethanol more profitable, ethanol plants in Brazil will keep increasing their production. If it makes more economic sense to produce corn-ethanol (as it happened recently), they will use more corn to produce ethanol.

Supply and demand conditions for ethanol, …

A Comparative Analysis Of Openet For Evaluating Evapotranspiration In California Almond Orchards, Kyle Knipper, Martha Anderson, Nicholas Bambach, Forrest Melton, Zac Ellis, Yun Yang, John Volk, Andrew J. Mcelrone, William Kustas, Matthew Roby, Will Carrara, Sebastian Castro, Ayse Kilic, Joshua B. Fisher, Anderson Ruhoff, Gabriel B. Senay, Charles Morton, Sebastian Saa, Richard G. Allen

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The almond industry in California faces water management challenges that are being exacerbated by droughts, climate change, and groundwater sustainability legislation. The Tree-crop Remote sensing of Evapotranspiration eXperiment (T-REX) aims to explore opportunities to improve precision irrigation management for woody perennial cropping systems. Almond orchards in the California Central Valley were equipped with eddy covariance flux measurements to evaluate satellite remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (RSET) models. OpenET provides high-resolution (30-m spatial and daily temporal) RSET data, synthesizing decades of research for practical water management. This study provides an evaluation of OpenET performance at six almond sites covering a large range in …

Finding The Safe Planting Window For Blackspot, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

The Blackspot Manager disease risk forecaster model is an effective tool to help identify the best balance between early sowing and potential yield loss from blackspot. Blackspot can lead to significant crop losses. Field peas become infected when windborne spores are released from fruiting bodies on infected stubble. The timing of spore release is generally early in autumn, depending on summer and autumn rain events.

Growing South Dakota (Summer 2024), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 2 Hayengas endow department head of animal science
[Page] 4 Reese named Klingbeil Endowed Educator
[Page] 5 SDSU Rodeo at Nationals
[Page] 6 Nwadike leading Department of Dairy and Food Science
[Page] 8 Hansen serving as 2024 Hobo Day Grand Pooba
[Page] 10 The scoop on the Davis Dairy Plant
[Page] 14 Research shows value in change
[Page] 16 Legacy of 'Yellow Ore, Yellow Hair, Yellow Pine'
[Page] 20 SDSU beef team grows
[Page] 22 SDSU Extension supporting local foods movement
[Page] 24 Bolstering rural child care needs
[Page] 26 Feeding kids great food
[Page] 27 Education Abroad takes …

Barley Grass And Its Management In Crops, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Barley grass is a common name for Hordeum glaucum and H. leporinum. Barley grass is a major crop weeds species because the seed is readily dispersed, it is renowned for rapidly germinating in autumn, and post-emergent herbicide control options are limited. It can also act as an alternate host for cereal diseases and can develop resistance to herbicides.

The rapid germination of the species after rainfall gives barley grass the potential to act as a green bridge for cereal root rot diseases

Leaf Rust And Stripe Rust And Their Management In Wheat, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) can be a significant threat to wheat crops in Western Australia in some seasons. Learn the symptoms and risk factors.

Managing Crop Weeds, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

In-crop weed competition causes losses costing around $1 billion per annum for Western Australia. There are effective strategic and tactical options available to manage weed competition that will increase crop yields and profitability.

Weeds with herbicide resistance are an increasing problem in grain cropping enterprises. Integrated weed management (IWM) is a system for managing weeds over the long term and is particularly useful for managing and minimising herbicide resistance.

Growers are advised to adopt integrated weed management (IWM) to reduce the damage caused by herbicide-resistant weeds.

Herbicide resistant weed populations are found throughout all cropping areas of Western Australia. The …