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Full-Text Articles in Agriculture

The Settlement History Of Nazareth In The Iron Age And Early Roman Period (Pp. 25–92), Yardenna Alexandre Jan 2025

The Settlement History Of Nazareth In The Iron Age And Early Roman Period (Pp. 25–92), Yardenna Alexandre

'Atiqot

A small-scale excavation carried out next to the Franciscan Church of the Annunciation compound in Nazareth exposed the remains of three building strata: Stratum III, from Iron IIA–B (tenth–early eighth centuries BCE); Stratum II, from the late Hellenistic to the Early Roman period (late second century BCE–first third of the second century CE); and Stratum I, from the Crusader to Mamluk periods (twelfth–fifteenth centuries CE). The late Hellenistic to Early Roman-period dwelling incorporated a three-level complex of subterranean pits or silos. Within the pits, many potsherds were discarded, perhaps attesting to the Jewish practice of ritual defilement of ceramic vessels …

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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A Late Iron Age Rock-Cut Tomb On The Western Slope Of Mount Zion, Jerusalem (Pp. 1–24), Amos Kloner, Irit Yezerski Jan 2025

A Late Iron Age Rock-Cut Tomb On The Western Slope Of Mount Zion, Jerusalem (Pp. 1–24), Amos Kloner, Irit Yezerski

'Atiqot

On the western slope of Mount Zion, Jerusalem, below the southwestern corner of the Old City walls, a First Temple period burial ground was revealed. Five rock-cut tombs (A–E) were exposed, one of which (Tomb A) was found sealed with its original blocking stone, and hence its great importance for reconstructing First Temple period burial practices. Tomb A is of the prevalent “bench-tomb” type and it served for multiple and simultaneous burials. The tomb yielded finds that are of special importance, illuminating the burial practices of the people of Jerusalem and Judah in the seventh century BCE until the Babylonian …

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The Faunal Remains From The Mamluk-Period Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (Pp. 235–270), Guy Bar-Oz, Noa Raban-Gerstel Jan 2025

The Faunal Remains From The Mamluk-Period Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (Pp. 235–270), Guy Bar-Oz, Noa Raban-Gerstel

'Atiqot

Some 1160 complete and fragmentary identified bones were recovered from the medieval al-Waṭṭa quarter in Safed, providing evidence for a wealthy domestic urban occupation. This paper discusses the mundane aspects of daily life in Safed in the Mamluk period, reconstructing food consumption and distribution, animal husbandry, and social and cultural variation in foodways. This comprehensive study of the zooarchaeological data includes species representation and taphonomic observations, with the aim of discerning patterns of bone consumption and offering explanations for these observations.

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Petrographic Examination Of Selected Pottery Vessels From The Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (Pp. 225–233), Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

Petrographic Examination Of Selected Pottery Vessels From The Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (Pp. 225–233), Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

Archaeological excavations in the al-Waṭṭa quarter in Safed unearthed a significant pottery collection dated to the Mamluk period. Of these, 22 ceramic vessels, including plain and glazed cooking and table wares, were selected for petrographic analysis. The finds were ascribed to three groups: Group 1, originating in the Mount Ḥermon foothills, in the southern Lebanon Range or in Transjordan; Group II, probably a local source, likely pointing to a local production; and Group III, a Basaltic Brown Mediterranean soil, which outcrops in the Jordan Valley, the Golan Heights and the Korazim plateau.

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The Coins From The Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (Pp. 155–223), Robert Kool, Ariel Berman Jan 2025

The Coins From The Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (Pp. 155–223), Robert Kool, Ariel Berman

'Atiqot

A total of 666 coins were unearthed in the excavation of the densely populated medieval neighborhood of al-Waṭṭa, Safed, including isolated coin finds and two hoards. One hoard (A) comprises 125 Mamluk silver dirhams and Venetian grossi, which were concealed together in an earthenware money box, and the other, smaller hoard (B), comprises 33 copper fulus. The distribution pattern of the coin types and mints provides previously unknown details concerning the use and circulation of coins within the Mamluk state, between the fourteenth and early sixteenth centuries CE.

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A Mamluk-Period Glass Assemblage From The Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (Pp. 101–153), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

A Mamluk-Period Glass Assemblage From The Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (Pp. 101–153), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

The salvage excavation conducted in the al-Waṭṭa quarter in Safed yielded a rich and diverse glass assemblage dated to the Mamluk period (fourteenth century CE). The assemblage includes domestic wares, such as tableware, drinking and pouring vessels, storage vessels and lighting devices, alongside decorated vessels, including a large group of marvered and mold-blown vessels, as well as vessels exhibiting enamel painting. This is the first detailed study of Mamluk glass from the region and constitutes a pioneering work for some of the vessels.

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Remains From The Mamluk Period In The Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (With A Contribution By Oded Katz) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–95*; English Summary, Pp. 271–275), Edna Dalali-Amos, Nimrod Getzov Jan 2025

Remains From The Mamluk Period In The Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (With A Contribution By Oded Katz) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–95*; English Summary, Pp. 271–275), Edna Dalali-Amos, Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

The excavation on the western slope of the city of Safed revealed building remains of the Mamluk-period neighborhood of al-Waṭṭa (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries CE). Four strata were documented: Stratum IV, including pre-Mamluk remains; Stratum III, the main occupation layer, including dense building remains of a Mamluk-period neighborhood; Stratum II, a layer of debris within and between the Stratum III buildings; and Stratum I, a post-occupation layer. Stratum III came to a dramatic end in the first or second decade of the fifteenth century CE, probably due to an earthquake. Many pottery vessels, as well as glass vessels, coins, and metal and …

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Anthropological Remains From The Middle Bronze Age Burial Pits In Ashqelon (Pp. 97–99), Yossi Nagar, Lilly Gershuny Jan 2025

Anthropological Remains From The Middle Bronze Age Burial Pits In Ashqelon (Pp. 97–99), Yossi Nagar, Lilly Gershuny

'Atiqot

The anthropological finds retrieved from the burial pits exposed at Ashqelon were poorly preserved, mainly due to the brittle kurkar sandstone and the high salt content in the area. The human remains included bones of adult individuals, men and women, as well as children. Distribution of individuals varied: some pits contained a single individual and some, multiple interments. Human skulls were generally associated with platter or carinated bowls.

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An Omega-Type Scarab From Middle Bronze Age Burial Pit 204 In Ashqelon (Pp. 85–87), Daphna Ben-Tor Jan 2025

An Omega-Type Scarab From Middle Bronze Age Burial Pit 204 In Ashqelon (Pp. 85–87), Daphna Ben-Tor

'Atiqot

An Omega-type scarab was found in Pit 204, the largest and best-preserved tomb in the cemetery unearthed in Ashqelon. It was found near a fragmentary skull and several bones of a young woman, together with a large assemblage of carefully positioned pottery vessels. The Omega-type scarabs are believed to have been produced in the Southern Levant in early Middle Bronze Age II (c. 1700–1640 BCE).

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Petrographic Analysis Of Middle Bronze Age Ii Vessels From The Burial Pits In Ashqelon (Pp. 89–96), Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

Petrographic Analysis Of Middle Bronze Age Ii Vessels From The Burial Pits In Ashqelon (Pp. 89–96), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

Fifteen pottery vessels from the Middle Bronze Age II burial pits exposed at Ashqelon were chosen for petrographic analysis. Most of the vessels were made from local soils found in the vicinity of the site. A single amphora originated in Cyprus. Some of the vessels (Group B) might have been imported from Egypt.

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Middle Bronze Age Burial Pits In Ashqelon (Pp. 1–83), Lilly Gershuny Jan 2025

Middle Bronze Age Burial Pits In Ashqelon (Pp. 1–83), Lilly Gershuny

'Atiqot

The excavations at Ashqelon unearthed 76 Middle Bronze Age burial pits, cut in the kurkar sandstone ridge. The burial pits are irregular in shape and vary in size. They contained skeletal remains of one individual or more, and a burial kit comprising pottery vessels: a store jar, a dipper juglet and a platter or carinated bowl. Additions to the burial kit included other pottery vessels and various artifacts such as a scarab, toggle pins, daggers, an alabaster pommel, a bone comb and beads. This cemetery is an important addition to the study of Middle Bronze Age burial customs and sites.

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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The Faunal Remains From Kefar Gabirol, El-Qubeibe (Pp. 209–223), Nimrod Marom Jan 2025

The Faunal Remains From Kefar Gabirol, El-Qubeibe (Pp. 209–223), Nimrod Marom

'Atiqot

The salvage excavation in Kefar Gvirol, el-Qubeibe, yielded a small faunal assemblage from late Ottoman-period domestic contexts. The faunal remains from the site were studied in terms of taxonomic composition, livestock demography and butchery practices, with reference to assemblage formation processes. The bones from the site provide a rare glimpse into livestock economy and consumption practices at a rural site of the period.

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The Coins From Kefar Gabirol, El-Qubeibe (Pp. 205–208), Robert Kool Jan 2025

The Coins From Kefar Gabirol, El-Qubeibe (Pp. 205–208), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

Ten coins were discovered during the excavation at Kefar Gabirol, el-Qubeibe, all of which were identified. The earliest coin is a Mamluk copper fals and the most recent coin is a 5 agorot piece from 1986. Most of the coins are from the late Ottoman period, the British Mandate and post-1948 State of Israel. Two nineteenth-century brass tokens from Nuremberg, Germany, seem to have been employed from the seventeenth century onward in Palestine.

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The Glass Vessels From Kefar Gabirol, El-Qubeibe (Pp. 199–203), Brigitte Ouahnouna Jan 2025

The Glass Vessels From Kefar Gabirol, El-Qubeibe (Pp. 199–203), Brigitte Ouahnouna

'Atiqot

The salvage excavations at Kefar Gabirol, el-Qubeibe, yielded about 330 glass fragments, including some 250 non-diagnostic body fragments, nine of which are presented. The finds originated from accumulations above walls or within installations and date from the nineteenth to the first third of the twentieth century CE. They comprise bottles of various types, windowpanes and bracelet fragments. These finds add valuable data to the growing glass corpus from this period.

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The Ceramic Assemblage From Kefar Gabirol, El-Qubeibe (Pp. 171–198), Anna De Vincenz Jan 2025

The Ceramic Assemblage From Kefar Gabirol, El-Qubeibe (Pp. 171–198), Anna De Vincenz

'Atiqot

The ceramics retrieved from the excavations conducted at Kefar Gabirol, el-Qubeibe, originated mostly from accumulations above walls and within installations. They were dated based on typological considerations to the late Ottoman period, with some types continuing into the early twentieth century. The assemblage includes hard-paste and porcelain vessels, as well as glazed earthenware and coarse ware vessels, such as Black Gaza Ware. This article adds valuable data concerning the typology and dating of Ottoman-period pottery.

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Mamluk And Early Ottoman Pottery From Ramla: Defining Local And Imported Fabrics (Pp. 129–170), Edna J. Stern, Ron Toueg, Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

Mamluk And Early Ottoman Pottery From Ramla: Defining Local And Imported Fabrics (Pp. 129–170), Edna J. Stern, Ron Toueg, Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

This article presents a study of the Mamluk–early Ottoman-period ceramic assemblage from the excavation on Ha-Eẓel Street, Ramla. The study set out to determine the geological source of the raw materials, and to explore fabrics and forms of local and imported wares to pinpoint the production locale of each. For the imports, the tracing of the fabric composition was based on previously published production centers. This study is a pioneer effort to fill the gap regarding the forms and fabrics of the pottery of these periods, whether found in clear architectural contexts, or not.

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Kefar Gabirol: El-Qubeibe In The Late Ottoman Period (With A Contribution By Alexander Glick) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–16*; English Summary, Pp. 225–226), Eriola Jakoel Jan 2025

Kefar Gabirol: El-Qubeibe In The Late Ottoman Period (With A Contribution By Alexander Glick) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–16*; English Summary, Pp. 225–226), Eriola Jakoel

'Atiqot

The excavation at Kefar Gabirol revealed the remains of the Arab village el-Qubeibe, dating from the Ottoman period and the days of the British Mandate. Four adjacent architectural units were exposed, mostly preserved to their foundation course. The finds include local and imported pottery vessels, glass vessels, stone objects, metal finds, coins, animal bones and military artifacts. The proximity of the architectural units points to a dense rural settlement, and the various installations are domestic in nature.

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The Coins From Mazor (Pp. 125–128), Donald T. Ariel Jan 2025

The Coins From Mazor (Pp. 125–128), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

Twenty-eight coins were recovered from Mazor, nineteen of them were identified: one, from the Hellenistic period; one, issued by Herod the Great (first century CE); five, from the fourth century CE; four, from the fifth, and perhaps sixth century CE; two from the fifteenth century; two from the seventeenth–eighteenth centuries; two from the third quarter of the nineteenth century; and two, from just before World War I.

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A Rhodian Stamped Amphora Handle From Rosh Pinna (Ja‘Una) (Pp. 63–65), Gerald Finkielsztejn Jan 2025

A Rhodian Stamped Amphora Handle From Rosh Pinna (Ja‘Una) (Pp. 63–65), Gerald Finkielsztejn

'Atiqot

An isolated find of a stamped amphora handle was found at Rosh Pinna. It exhibits a rare presence of an anchor naming an eponym, and as such, offers rare evidence of a hitherto unpublished association of an eponym with a particular fabricant of amphoras.

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Remains From The Byzantine To The Late Ottoman–British Mandate Periods At Mazor (Pp. 67–123), Itamar Taxel, David Amit Jan 2025

Remains From The Byzantine To The Late Ottoman–British Mandate Periods At Mazor (Pp. 67–123), Itamar Taxel, David Amit

'Atiqot

The excavations at Mazor yielded architectural remains from the Byzantine and late Ottoman–British Mandate periods, and poor remains from the Early Islamic and Mamluk–early Ottoman periods; the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods are represented by small finds only. Three buildings were exposed, typical of the Byzantine period in the region (mid-fifth–early sixth centuries CE), which belonged to either a private estate or an agricultural monastery. The settlement probably formed part of the eastern hinterland of the urban center at Lod (Lydda/Diospolis). The next substantial phase at the site began in the Ottoman period (eighteenth century CE), with the establishment of …

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Petrographic Examination Of Plaster Samples From The Iron Age Site At Rosh Pinna (Ja‘Una) (Pp. 59–62), Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

Petrographic Examination Of Plaster Samples From The Iron Age Site At Rosh Pinna (Ja‘Una) (Pp. 59–62), Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

This article presents a study of five plaster samples coated with coloring material, which were unearthed in Iron I–IIA destruction layers at Rosh Pinna. The main aim of the examination was to determine the mineralogical composition of the plaster and to obtain information concerning technological aspects of how the plaster had been prepared. The petrographic examination of the plaster samples provides valuable information concerning the quality of materials and the technology used to coat the inner walls of Iron Age buildings.

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Settlement Remains From The Iron Age, Hellenistic, Roman–Byzantine And Early Islamic Periods On The Ancient Tell Of Rosh Pinna (Ja‘Una) (With A Contribution By Danny Syon) (Pp. 1–57), Yosef Stepansky Jan 2025

Settlement Remains From The Iron Age, Hellenistic, Roman–Byzantine And Early Islamic Periods On The Ancient Tell Of Rosh Pinna (Ja‘Una) (With A Contribution By Danny Syon) (Pp. 1–57), Yosef Stepansky

'Atiqot

Excavations on the ancient tell of Rosh Pinna revealed a vigorous settlement during the Iron Age and throughout the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and possibly the Early Islamic periods. In Iron I, Rosh Pinna seems to have been a substantial settlement in the eastern Galilee, as attested by impressive architectural remains with plastered and red-painted walls. During Iron II, Rosh Pinna was part of a strong Israelite settlement system. This stratum showed evidence of a violent destruction in the tenth or ninth century BCE, possibly throwing light on an event recorded in the Bible, such as the Aramean raid by Ben …

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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A Late Chalcolithic-Period Archaeozoological Assemblage From Kafr ‘Ana, Or Yehuda (Pp. 253–254), Moshe Sade Jan 2025

A Late Chalcolithic-Period Archaeozoological Assemblage From Kafr ‘Ana, Or Yehuda (Pp. 253–254), Moshe Sade

'Atiqot

The faunal remains from the excavation at the Newe Rabin neighborhood in Or Yehuda belong to domestic animals. The limited volume of the assemblage precludes broader conclusions regarding the economic substance of animal husbandry at the site during the Late Chalcolithic period.

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Late Chalcolithic-Period Groundstone Vessels And Tools From Kafr ‘Ana, Or Yehuda (Pp. 247–251), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink Jan 2025

Late Chalcolithic-Period Groundstone Vessels And Tools From Kafr ‘Ana, Or Yehuda (Pp. 247–251), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink

'Atiqot

The groundstone finds from the excavation at the Newe Rabin neighborhood in Or Yehuda comprise nine artifacts: basalt bowls and a lower grinding slab; quartzite(?) grinding slab, handstone and pestle; and a beachrock lower grinding slab. These finds complement the finds retrieved from two other contemporary sites nearby, probably attesting to a short-lived occupation.

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Analysis Of The Late Chalcolithic-Period Flint Assemblage From Kafr ‘Ana, Or Yehuda (Pp. 235–245), Alla Yaroshevich Jan 2025

Analysis Of The Late Chalcolithic-Period Flint Assemblage From Kafr ‘Ana, Or Yehuda (Pp. 235–245), Alla Yaroshevich

'Atiqot

The excavations in Or Yehuda yielded 107 flint artifacts reflecting several industries characteristic of the Late Chalcolithic period. Worth of mention is the presence of Canaanean blades, which appear to be an integral part of the Late Chalcolithic-period toolkit at the site. In addition, the results of an analysis of a stain observed on one of the sickle blades, plausibly the remains of an adhesive, are discussed.

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Late Chalcolithic-Period Pottery From Kafr ‘Ana, Or Yehuda (Pp. 229–233), Eli Yannai Jan 2025

Late Chalcolithic-Period Pottery From Kafr ‘Ana, Or Yehuda (Pp. 229–233), Eli Yannai

'Atiqot

The excavations in Or Yehuda yielded accumulations of Late Chalcolithic-period pottery, including bowls, basins, pithoi, jars, pedestalled bowls and cornets. The Chalcolithic assemblage is typical of the last quarter of the fourth millennium BCE in the southern regions of Israel. It is an important addition to the body of Late Chalcolithic-period material in the region of the Yarqon and Ayyalon basins.

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Late Ottoman-Period Buildings And Late Chalcolithic-Period Finds At Kafr ‘Ana, Or Yehuda (With A Contribution By Alexander Glick) (Pp. 203–217), Yoav Arbel, Felix Volynsky Jan 2025

Late Ottoman-Period Buildings And Late Chalcolithic-Period Finds At Kafr ‘Ana, Or Yehuda (With A Contribution By Alexander Glick) (Pp. 203–217), Yoav Arbel, Felix Volynsky

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation conducted in the Newe Rabin neighborhood of Or Yehuda revealed the remains of the Arab village of Kafr ‘Ana, which was settled between the seventeenth and the mid-twentieth century CE. The main architectural remains belong to buildings that were erected in the Late Ottoman period; considerable accumulations of finds, but no architectural remains, date from the late Chalcolithic period. The finds from the Late Ottoman period include domestic vessels, fragments of Marseilles roof tiles and several fragments of glass bracelets, as well as two unusual finds: a bronze chain with a pendant and an unusual pistol from …

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