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Articles 61 - 66 of 66
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical
Effect Of Physiological Oxygen Levels On Osteogenic Differentiation Of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Suchit Sahai
Effect Of Physiological Oxygen Levels On Osteogenic Differentiation Of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Suchit Sahai
Theses and Dissertations
Regenerative medicine presents exciting strategies for healing critical-size bone defects through the implantation of cells and biocompatible scaffolds. Most in vitro studies are performed in atmospheric oxygen conditions (~20%), which do not accurately mimic the CSD microenvironment. Due to damage to the vasculature at CSDs, oxygen levels fall into the hypoxic range (<5%), which can impact viability, proliferation and differentiation of the cells employed for bone regeneration. Understanding the cellular responses to hypoxia has grown primarily from study of individual molecular factors. The master regulator of adaptive responses to low oxygen availability is the nuclear factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1. HIF-1 is a heterodimeric protein, stable below 6% O2 condition in the nucleus and has been shown to play a role in angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. We have developed a responsive, fluorescent, hypoxia detection system and determined whether HIF activity can be tracked in both 2-D and 3-D cultures. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were selected due to their broad utilization in tissue engineering strategies and characterized the influence of HIF signaling on its phenotype. The work done identified that of hypoxia impaired osteogenic differentiation of ASCs in both 2-D and 3-D cultures and HIF-1 did not mediate this effect. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) strategy and varied protocols used represents a clinically feasible manipulation of cell preparation to help the survival of implanted ASCs and accelerate osteogenic differentiation at physiological oxygen levels.
Resveratrol Attenuates The Development Of Trans-Aortic Constriction (Tac) Induced Heart Failure In Mice, Prakash Kumar Gupta
Resveratrol Attenuates The Development Of Trans-Aortic Constriction (Tac) Induced Heart Failure In Mice, Prakash Kumar Gupta
Theses and Dissertations
Heart failure (HF) still remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and imposes severe global affliction and enormous cost on the healthcare system. Although current pharmacological therapies have shown to slow down the progression of HF, but seems to have reached their limits in improving overall patient prognosis. Thus, an immediate call for novel alternate therapies are needed which act independently as well as in conjunction with current treatment modality. Studies were performed in the well-established transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model of chronic pressure overload (PO) in mice. In the first series of studies, Male C57BL6 mice (26-28 g) …
High Fat Diet Induced Obesity In A Mouse Model For Colorectal Cancer, Kennerly Clinton Patrick
High Fat Diet Induced Obesity In A Mouse Model For Colorectal Cancer, Kennerly Clinton Patrick
Theses and Dissertations
Obesity is widely correlated with the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). The exact mechanisms that link obesity to CRC risk have not yet been fully established, and only a limited number of animal models are available to study pathways involved in obesity-related colon carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of HFD-induced obesity on AOM/DSS-mediated colorectal tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, and symptom severity. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a novel high fat diet, designed to mimic the standard American diet (12 % saturated fat & 28 % unsaturated fat), at 4 weeks of age until 16 weeks …
The Effect Of Αct-1 Peptide On Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Following Injury, Adam Clay Vandergriff
The Effect Of Αct-1 Peptide On Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Following Injury, Adam Clay Vandergriff
Theses and Dissertations
Connexin43 (Cx43) is a component of gap junctions and is involved in intercel- lular signaling following injury to tissues. The carboxyl terminus of Cx43 binds to the PDZ2 domain of ZO-1 in order to form gap junction plaques and connect to the cytoskeleton. A biomimetic peptide known as αCT-1, replicating the last 9 amino acids found in the carboxyl terminus of CX43, has been shown to improve wound healing by preferentially binding to the PDZ2 domain of ZO-1. A possible mecha- nism for its action is through the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation (EMT). Scratch assays were performed on rat bone marrow stromal …
Microencapsulation Of A Connexin-43 Mimetic Peptide As A Novel Wound Healing Agent In An Ocular Injury Model, Keith Brian Moore
Microencapsulation Of A Connexin-43 Mimetic Peptide As A Novel Wound Healing Agent In An Ocular Injury Model, Keith Brian Moore
Theses and Dissertations
Corneal transplantation and related surgical procedures are areas of tissue replacement which have seen promising advances. Currently, cornea transplants are one of the most common surgical procedures, with approximately 40,000 occurring each year in the United States. Still, problems exist with a 20% rejection rate, post surgical infections, and the need for a constant supply of donors. The ability to safely and quickly heal and regenerate corneal epithelia fills an area of advancement in regenerative medicine, with implications reaching beyond the scope of vision therapies toward healing of a wide range of tissues and wounds. In vivo corneal wounds were …
Impact Of Physical Activity In The Prevention Of Colorectal Cancer, Sarah Ashley Barnes
Impact Of Physical Activity In The Prevention Of Colorectal Cancer, Sarah Ashley Barnes
Theses and Dissertations
This review evaluates the current understanding of research on the impact of physical activity in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Current biological mechanisms implicated in physical activity and colorectal cancer risk reduction are blood glucose regulation, insulin sensitivity, leptin and adiponectin profiles, inflammation as well as secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), an exercise induced myokine. Recent literature indicates that 30-60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity a day is effective against colorectal cancer development, and there is convincing evidence of aerobic exercise as differently beneficial in recruiting mechanisms identified as preventative against colorectal cancer. This article provides …