Engineering Commons^™

Prospect-Theoretic Demand Response Management In Smart Grid Systems, Sean A. Pluemer

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

In smart grid systems, demand response management (DRM) permits the efficient utilization and control of electrical loads. This control is accomplished by modifying the price of electricity or by shifting peak electricity consumption to off-peak periods. This thesis proposes a DRM model composed of multiple utility companies and multiple consumers. Due to the risk caused by the users' excessive power demands, each utility company has the potential for failure. Prospect Theory principles capture the individual consumer's risk-aware behavior. As a result, a multi-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game is introduced, involving the utility companies (leaders) and consumers (followers). The Stackelberg game determines …

Aerial Radiation Detection Identification And Measurement System Detector Material Comparison Study, Benjamin C. Troxell, Kacey D. Mcgee, Christina L. Dugan

Faculty Publications

The 20th Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear and Explosives Command (CBRNE) currently utilizes an airborne sodium iodide gamma and beta detection system to map radiation fields over large areas of interest. The 20th CBRNE explored emergent detector technologies utilizing two detection materials; thallium-activated cesium iodide and high purity germanium (HPGe). These detectors were simulated at various altitudes and compared to background measurements. The sodium iodide detector failed to provide isotopic discrimination at distance. The thallium-activated cesium iodide CsI(Tl) detector provided sufficient absolute efficiency and energy resolution to identify isotopics at distance. The HPGe detector provided the best energy resolution. However, current …

Pseudo-Modal Expansions For Generating Random Electromagnetic Beams, Milo W. Hyde Iv, Olga Korotkova

Faculty Publications

Excerpt: We derive two pseudo-modal expansions that provide insight into the structure of stationary electromagnetic sources and can be used for their physical realization and in computer simulations. Both expansions are derived from the vectorial version of Bochner’s theorem of functional analysis.

Overcoming Supply Disruptions During Pandemics By Utilizing Found Hardware For Open Source Gentle Ventilation, S. Oberloier, N. Gallup, J. M. Pearce

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

This article details the design of an open source emergency gentle ventilator (gentle-vent) framework that can be used in periods of scarcity. Although it is not a medical device, the system utilizes a wide range of commonly-available components that are combined using basic electronics skills to achieve the desired performance. The main function of the gentle-vent is to generate a calibrated pressure wave at the pump to provide support to the patient's breathing. Each gentle-vent permutation was tested using a DIY manometer as it would be utilized in the field in low-resource settings and validated with an open source VentMon. …

Novel Cma Scheme To Design Self-Decoupled Mimo Dipole Pair For Base-Station Applications, Min Li, Bing Xiao, Changfei Zhou, Di Wu, Kwan Lawrence Yeung, Lijun Jiang, Ross Murch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article presents a novel method to design multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA), which is different from using individual excitation of each characteristic mode for high isolation. The CMA is performed to design a pair of symmetric slots on two connected dipole antennas (a MIMO dipole pair), so that two desired characteristic modes can be generated at the same frequency, one of which is in common mode and the other in differential mode. Hence, when one antenna element is excited, the two characteristic modes combine and cancel each other at the other antenna element, leading to …

Radio-Frequency Interference Estimation For Multiple Random Noise Sources, Ling Zhang, Haochen Yang, Xiangrui Su, Qiaolei Huang, Jagan Rajagopalan, Deepak Pai, Chulsoon Hwang, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

As more compact designs and more assembled function modules are utilized in modern electronic devices, radio-frequency interference (RFI) source reconstruction is becoming more challenging because different noise sources may contribute simultaneously. This article presents a novel methodology to reconstruct multiple random noise sources on a real-world product, including several double-data-rate (DDR) memory modules and a high-speed connector. The DDR modules located beneath a heatsink cause random noise-like signals, which renders phase measurements challenging. An approach based on the tuned-receiver mode of a vector network analyzer is developed to measure the field phase from the random DDR signals, which can be …

A Compact High-Isolation Wideband Three-Sector Linear Array, Sheng Wu, Lidong Chi, Fuhai Li, Francesco De Paulis, Yihong Qi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A compact and highly isolated three-sector linear array is proposed targeting point-to-point or point-to-multipoint data communication in Central Business District (CBD) and residential subdivision applications. It features wide bandwidth, high isolation among the units, low wind load, and low manufacturing and installation costs within the 400-500 MHz band. The driving element of the array unit is a wideband high-efficiency electromagnetic structure (WHEMS) applied in combination with the metal rods as passive elements for isolation purposes. The parasitic rod, shared by the adjacent units, decouples the mutual coupling by reducing the distance, which realizes not only the high isolation capability but …

Efficient Routing Protocols For Cognitive Radio Networks Of Energy-Constrained Devices And Dissimilar Delay-Sensitive Levels, Rita Ahmad Abu Diab

Dissertations

As the Cognitive Radio (CR) overwhelms spectrum deficiency, it offers a substantial communication environment to accommodate IoT devices demanding connectivity and prompt arrival of their sensed data. The perceived shortage in CR routing protocols concerning delay and energy consumption promotes the novel proposal of two multi-hop routing protocols; Efficient Routing protocol for Cognitive Radio (ERCR) networks and Efficient Hybrid Routing protocol for Cognitive Radio (EHRCR) networks. A proposal for a D/M/1/K queuing model adapted to be applied in a CR network (CRN) is investigated with a retrial service system over a single licensed channel. …

Cmos Sensor Image-Acquisition And Image- Processing Control System Architecture, Haruka Kido

Electrical Engineering Student Publications

This report demonstrates an assessment of a PCAM camera module’s OV5640 CMOS sensor image-acquisition electrical circuit network system and hardware implementation for associated FPGA-modulated image-processing techniques using Digilent’s Zybo Z7-20 development board’s FPGA (Zynq 7000 SoC). By comparison between the control system architectures of 2 proposed Active Pixel CMOS sensor electrical network configurations (both 1 Row 1-Column Select Implementations) using electrical network transfer function derivations, time responses, Root Locus Plots, Bode Plots, and their system characteristics as preliminary analyses, FPGA-modulation of the CMOS sensor through image format adjustment is developed as an example of image properties adjustment enabled by the …

Bistability And Switching Behavior In Moving Animal Groups, Daniel Strömbom, Stephanie Nickerson, Catherine Futterman, Alyssa Difazio, Cameron Costello, Kolbjørn Tunstrøm

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

Moving animal groups such as schools of fish and flocks of birds frequently switch between different group structures. Standard models of collective motion have been used successfully to explain how stable groups form via local interactions between individuals, but they are typically unable to produce groups that exhibit spontaneous switching. We are only aware of one model, constructed for barred flagtail fish that are known to rely on alignment and attraction to organize their collective motion, that has been shown to generate this type of behavior in 2D (or 3D). Interestingly, another species of fish, golden shiners, do exhibit switching …

Soft Magnetic Composite Substrates For Rf/Microwave Applications, Poonam Lathiya

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Novel soft magnetic ferrite materials will play a crucial role in next-generation over one trillion sensors (also known as “trillion sensor economy) related to 5G communications and internet of things, as these materials can achieve improved wireless power and signal transfer efficiency with high operation frequency. In this work, Ni-Cu-Zn and Ni-Co-Zn ferrites with high permeability, high permittivity, and low magnetic and dielectric losses were prepared for RF and microwave device applications. Frequency dispersion of RF complex permeability of Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites prepared under different applied hydraulic pressures and durations have been thoroughly investigated. The Ni0.35Cu0.19Zn0.46Fe2O4 ferrites were prepared by conventional …

Finding Signal In The Noise: High-Fidelity, Quantitative, Optical Blood Perfusion Imaging With Interference, Abdul Mohaimen Safi

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

For label-free, non-invasive, wide field-of-view (FOV) imaging/monitoring of blood flow, speckle-based approaches are gaining popularity. However, to obtain quantitative flow information, speckle techniques rely on the multi-exposure scheme which requires complex, bulky, and expensive instrumentation, limiting its application to preclinical studies. This dissertation directly addresses these issues. In the first part of this dissertation, we report a novel single shot synthetic multi-exposure speckle imaging (syMESI) method to synthetically produce multi-exposure images from one short single exposure speckle image using spatial binning/averaging. We demonstrate that syMESI can reimagine conventional hardware based MESI, with low-cost single exposure laser speckle imaging (LSCI) instrumentation. …

Method Of Making Hinged Self-Referencing Fabry–Pérot Cavity Sensors, Jeremiah C. Williams, Hengky Chandrahalim

AFIT Patents

A method is provided for fabricating a passive optical sensor on a tip of an optical fiber. The method includes perpendicularly cleaving a tip of an optical fiber and mounting the tip of the optical fiber in a specimen holder of a photosensitive polymer three-dimensional micromachining machine. The method includes forming a three-dimensional microscopic optical structure within the photosensitive polymer that comprises a two cavity Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) having a hinged optical layer that is pivotally coupled to a suspended structure. The method includes removing an uncured portion of the photosensitive polymer using a solvent. The method includes depositing a …

Remote Healthcare Monitoring Using Wearable Iot Devices And Cloud Services, Mohammad Abdellatif, Menatalla Abdel-Gawad, Manar Usama, Haidy Hesham, Omar Ibrahim

Electrical Engineering

With the strain on healthcare infrastructure and healthcare workers due to the ongoing COVID'19 pandemic, the need for novel ways to simplify the interaction between patients and physicians has increased. The aim is mainly to reduce face-to-face interactions and free more time and resources for those who urgently need it. This paper presents a Telemedicine system which can be used as an alternative method to a doctor's visit. The proposed system is considered as an interface that remotely connects the patient and the doctor. The system regularly measures and uploads readings from the patient to a database which the doctor …

In Situ Characterization Of Electrode Structure And Catalytic Processes In The Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Ya-Chen Feng, Xiang Wang, Yu-Qi Wang, Hui-Juan Yan, Dong Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

As an electrochemical energy conversion system, fuel cell has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency and high cleanliness. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), as an important cathode reaction in fuel cells, has received extensive attention. At present, the electrocatalysts are still one of the key materials restricting the further commercialization of fuel cells. The fundamental understanding on the catalytic mechanism of ORR is conducive to the development of electrocatalysts with the enhanced activity and high selectivity. This review aims to summarize the in situ characterization techniques used to study ORR. From this perspective, we first briefly introduce the advantages of …

An Active Learning Didactic Proposal With Human-Computer Interaction In Engineering Education: A Direct Current Motor Case Study, Alejandro Said, Luis C. Félix-Herrán, Yasser A. Davizón, Carlos Hernandez-Santos, Rogelio Soto, Ricardo A. Ramírez-Mendoza

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Engineering education requires learning strategies to engage students and improve the development of disciplinary and transversal competencies. Additionally, as economic resources are generally limited, it is sought to avoid investing large sums of money in software and hardware, as well as in fitting out laboratories. This work presents a didactic proposal within the framework of active and collaborative learning that includes the flipped classroom technique to be applied in the curriculum of undergraduate engineering programs and inside a massive flexible digital master class. The activity is the mathematical modeling, simulation, and control system of a direct current motor where simulation …

In-Situ/Operando57Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopic Technique And Its Applications In Nife-Based Electrocatalysts For Oxygen Evolution Reaction, Jafar Hussain Shah, Qi-Xian Xie, Zhi-Chong Kuang, Ri-Le Ge, Wen-Hui Zhou, Duo-Rong Liu, Alexandre I. Rykov, Xu-Ning Li, Jing-Shan Luo, Jun-Hu Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The development of highly efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a significant barrier to establish effective utilization of renewable energy storage systems and water splitting to produce clean fuel. The current status of the research in developing OER catalysts shows that NiFe-based oxygen evolution catalysts (OECs) have been proven as excellent and remarkable candidates for this purpose. But it is critically important to understand the factors that influence their activity and underlying mechanism for the development of state-of-the-art OER catalysts. Therefore, the development of in-situ/operando characterizations is urgently required to detect key intermediates along …

An Additive Incorporated Non-Nucleophilic Electrolyte For Stable Magnesium Ion Batteries, Mao-Ling Xie, Jun Wang, Chen-Ji Hu, Lei Zheng, Hua-Bin Kong, Yan-Bin Shen, Hong-Wei Chen, Li-Wei Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Non-nucleophilic electrolytes are promising next-generation highly stable electrolytes for magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs). However, a passivation layer on Mg metal anode usually blocks Mg²⁺ diffusion, leading to poor reaction kinetics and low Coulombic efficiency of the Mg plating/stripping in these electrolytes. Here we explore the utilization of phenyl disulfide (PDF) as a film-forming additive for non-nucleophilic electrolytes to regulate the interfacial chemistry on Mg metal anode. Phenyl-thiolate generated from the PDF additive was found to suppress the unfavorable surface blocking layer, resulted in a high Coulombic efficiency of up to 99.5% for the Mg plating/stripping process as well as a …

Synchrotron X-Rays Characterizations Of Metal-Air Batteries, Ya-Jie Song, Xue Sun, Li-Ping Ren, Lei Zhao, Fan-Peng Kong, Jia-Jun Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The rapid development of electric vehicles urgently requires high-energy-density batteries. Recently, metal-air batteries have attracted much attention in industry and academia for their ultra-high theoretical energy densities. However, the practical application of metal-air batteries is severely impeded by multiple drawbacks, including severe side reactions, low energy efficiency, and limited cycle life. Understanding the reaction mechanism of the cell and further developing effective strategies are beneficial for the practical application of metal-air batteries. In the past decade, advanced characterization techniques have accelerated the development of metal-air batteries. In particular, synchrotron radiation-based characterization techniques have been widely applied to the mechanistic study …

Fiber-Based Electrical Energy Storage And Harvesting Devices For Wearable Electronics, Tareq Kareri

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Over the past few years, smart textiles and wearable technologies have received tremendous attention due to their functionalities and characteristics, which could be used in a variety of ways in healthcare, sports/leisure, fashion, military, personal protective, and energy applications. These technologies depend on self-power systems, which require energy sources (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells) to power their projected functionalities in the future. Therefore, fabricating energy harvesting cells (i.e., solar cells) and energy storage cells (i.e., batteries and supercapacitors) in the form of fibers are promising solutions for powering wearable electronics due to their unique features such as flexibility and …

Detecting Iot Attacks Using An Ensemble Machine Learning Model, Vikas Tomar, Sachin Sharma

Articles

Malicious attacks are becoming more prevalent due to the growing use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in homes, offices, transportation, healthcare, and other locations. By incorporating fog computing into IoT, attacks can be detected in a short amount of time, as the distance between IoT devices and fog devices is smaller than the distance between IoT devices and the cloud. Machine learning is frequently used for the detection of attacks due to the huge amount of data available from IoT devices. However, the problem is that fog devices may not have enough resources, such as processing power and memory, …

Cascading Verification Initiated By Switching Attacks Through Compromised Digital Relays, Koji Yamashita, Zhiyuan Yang, Chee Wooi Ten, Soummya Kar, Andrew Ginter

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Attackers are able to enumerate all devices and computers within a compromised substation network. Digital relays deployed in the substation are the devices with IP addresses that can be discovered in the process of trial-and-error search. This paper is concerned with studies of cyberattacks manipulating digital relays to disruptively disconnect the associated breakers. The plausible enumeration of such disruptive attack for each relay in a substation is verified with the dynamic simulation studies with the special protection system for frequency, voltage, and rotor angle stability. A pertinent approach with smaller scale contingency analysis results is proposed to reduce the enormous …

A Deep Learning-Based Approach To Extraction Of Filler Morphology In Sem Images With The Application Of Automated Quality Inspection, Md. Fashiar Rahman, Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, Jianguo Wu, Yuxin Wen, Yirong Lin

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

Automatic extraction of filler morphology (size, orientation, and spatial distribution) in Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images is essential in many applications such as automatic quality inspection in composite manufacturing. Extraction of filler morphology greatly depends on accurate segmentation of fillers (fibers and particles), which is a challenging task due to the overlap of fibers and particles and their obscure presence in SEM images. Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) have been shown to be very effective at object recognition in digital images. This paper proposes an automatic filler detection system in SEM images, utilizing a Mask Region-based CNN architecture. The proposed system …

Queueing Theory Model Of Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Sylwester M. Kloska, Krzysztof Pałczyński, Tomasz Marciniak, Tomasz Talaśka, Marissa Miller, Beata J. Wysocki, Paul H. Davis, Tadeusz A. Wysocki

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Due to its role in maintaining the proper functioning of the cell, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is one of the most important metabolic pathways. It is responsible for regulating the concentration of simple sugars and provides precursors for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides. In addition, it plays a critical role in maintaining an adequate level of NADPH, which is necessary for the cell to fight oxidative stress. These reasons prompted the authors to develop a computational model, based on queueing theory, capable of simulating changes in PPP metabolites’ concentrations. The model has been validated with empirical data …

Non-Reciprocal Parity-Time Symmetry Breaking Based On Magneto-Optical And Gain/Loss Double Ring Resonators, Yuma Kawaguchi, Andrea Alù, Alexander B. Khanikaev

Advanced Science Research Center

In this paper, we explore the operation of a nonreciprocal non-Hermitian system consisting of a lossy magneto-optical ring resonator coupled to another ring resonator with gain and loss, and we demonstrate that such a system can exhibit non-reciprocity-based broken parity-time (PT) symmetry and supports one-way exceptional points. The nonreciprocal PT-phase transition is analyzed with the use of both analytical tools based on coupled-mode theory and two-dimensional finite element method simulations. Our calculations show that the response of the system strongly depends on the regime of operation – broken or preserved PT-symmetry. This response is leveraged to show that the system …

Phase Noise Analyses And Measurements In The Hybrid Memristor-Cmos Phase-Locked Loop Design And Devices Beyond Bulk Cmos, Naheem Olakunle Adesina

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Phase-locked loop (PLLs) has been widely used in analog or mixed-signal integrated circuits. Since there is an increasing market for low noise and high speed devices, PLLs are being employed in communications. In this dissertation, we investigated phase noise, tuning range, jitter, and power performances in different architectures of PLL designs. More energy efficient devices such as memristor, graphene, transition metal di-chalcogenide (TMDC) materials and their respective transistors are introduced in the design phase-locked loop.

Subsequently, we modeled phase noise of a CMOS phase-locked loop from the superposition of noises from its building blocks which comprises of a voltage-controlled oscillator, …

An Accurate And Computationally Efficient Method For Battery Capacity Fade Modeling, D. M. Ajiboye, Jonathan W. Kimball, R.(Robert) G. Landers, John (T.) Park

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Industry Demand for Accurate and Fast Algorithms that Model Vital Battery Parameters, E.g., State-Of-Health, State-Of-Charge, Pulse-Power Capability, is Substantial. One of the Most Critical Models is Battery Capacity Fade. the Key Challenge with Physics-Based Battery Capacity Fade Modeling is the High Numerical Cost in Solving Complex Models. in This Study, an Efficient and Fast Model is Presented to Capture Capacity Fade in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Here, the High-Order Chebyshev Spectral Method is Employed to Address the Associated Complexity with Physics-Based Capacity Fade Models. its Many Advantages, Such as Low Computational Memory, High Accuracy, Exponential Convergence, and Ease of Implementation, Allow …

Polarization-Sensitive Optical Responses From Natural Layered Hydrated Sodium Sulfosalt Gerstleyite, Ravi P. N. Tripathi, Xiaodong Yang, Jie Gao

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Multi-element layered materials have gained substantial attention in the context of achieving the customized light-matter interactions at subwavelength scale via stoichiometric engineering, which is crucial for the realization of miniaturized polarization-sensitive optoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. Herein, naturally occurring hydrated sodium sulfosalt gerstleyite is introduced as one new multi-element van der Waals (vdW) layered material. The mechanically exfoliated thin gerstleyite flakes are demonstrated to exhibit polarization-sensitive anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical responses including angle-resolved Raman scattering, anomalous wavelength-dependent linear dichroism transition, birefringence effect, and polarization-dependent third-harmonic generation (THG). Furthermore, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of gerstleyite crystal is estimated by the probed …

Relativistic Magnetron With Diffraction Output And Split Cathode, Artem Kuskov

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The relativistic magnetron with diffraction output (MDO) is one of the most efficient
microwave sources for sub-100 ns pulses. For pulse widths greater than 100 ns, the microwave production stops due to anode-cathode (A−K) gap closure. In the presence of a solid cathode, the anode and cathode plasmas expand towards each other, shorting the gap. A research team at The Technion Israel Institute of Technology proposed to replace a solid cathode with a split cathode in a magnetron with radial extraction to mitigate gap closure and maximize microwave production from a long pulse generator. Such a cathode geometry comprises an …

Robust Design Methodologies Under Performance Variations For More Than Moore Technologies: Cnfets & 3dics, Satya Keerthi Vendra

Dissertations and Theses

Various emerging technologies have shown great potential of supplementing silicon transistors as Moore's law slows down. One such disruptive technology, Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNFET), among others, promises increased speed and integration with reduced power consumption. However, due to a limited controllability over the Carbon Nano-tube(CNT) growth process, CNFETs show large variations in their performance and behavior. It is therefore difficult to predict and model their behavior while design suggestions are also challenging. CNT variations are important for a realistic delay modelling. Due to the presence of CNT-specific variations, conventional CMOS evaluation techniques cannot be used for CNFETs.

This …