Engineering Commons^™

An Ontology Design Pattern For Representing Causality, Utkarshani Jaimini, Cory Henson, Amit Sheth

Publications

The causal pattern is a proposed ontology design pattern for representing the structure of causal relations in a knowledge graph. This pattern is grounded in the concepts defined and used by the CausalAI community i.e., Causal Bayesian Networks and do-calculus. Specifically, the pattern models three primary concepts: (1) causal relations, (2) causal event roles, and (3) causal effect weights. Two use cases involving a sprinkler system and asthma patients are provided along with their relevant competency questions.

Optimal And Robust Control Problems Of Microalgae Cultivation, Mariana Rodriguez-Jara, Luis A. Ricardez-Sandoval, Carlos E. Ramirez-Castelan, Hector Puebla

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Novel Systems Engineering Framework Analysis Of Photovoltaic Models And Equations, Peter R. Michael

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation analyzes Photovoltaic PV equations and models for silicon based systems from a Systems Engineering framework. Background information includes an introduction, a summary of the state of PV use, a brief history of photovoltaics, and the detailed derivation of equations that enable the finding of the PV parameters contained in the PV models.The novel inquiry, leveraging systems engineering frameworks, includes three areas useful in analyzing PV equations and models. The first is a statistical verification of common simplifications of PV equations at the primary conditions of short circuit, open circuit, and maximum power. Additional analysis shows other simplifications that …

Optimal Inverter-Based Resource Installation To Minimize Technical Energy Losses In Distribution Systems, Felipe B. Dantas, Damasio Fernandes, Washington L.A. Neves, Alana K.X.B. Branco, Flavio Costa

Michigan Tech Publications

This paper proposes an algorithm for the optimal installation of inverter-based resources (IBR) composed of wind energy conversion systems, photovoltaic systems, and battery energy storage systems in distribution systems using genetic algorithm (GA) and the cuckoo search (CS) as optimization techniques. The OpenDSS software is used to calculate the power flow in the distribution system with different penetration levels of IBRs. It is used a standard load shape of the IEEE 123 bus system programmed in OpenDSS and irradiance, temperature, and wind speed curves from Brazil. The proposed algorithm, using a genetic algorithm and cuckoo search, was able to define …

Synthetic Aperture Scatter Imaging, Qian Huang, Zhipeng Dong, Gregory Nero, Yuzuru Takashima, Timothy J. Schulz, David J. Brady

Michigan Tech Publications

Diffraction limits the minimum resolvable feature on remotely observed targets to $\lambda R_{c}/A_{c}$, where $\lambda$ is the operating wavelength, $R_{c}$ is the range to the target and $A_{c}$ is the diameter of the observing aperture. Resolution is often further reduced by scatter or turbulence. Here we show that analysis of scattered coherent illumination can be used to achieve resolution proportional to $\lambda R_{s}/A_{s}$, where $R_{s}$ is the range between the scatterer and the target and $A_{s}$ is the diameter of the observed scatter. Theoretical analysis suggests that this approach can yield resolution up to 1000× better than the diffraction limit. …

Research Outreach Interdisciplinary Activity To Classify Olive Oil Blends Integrating Multicolor Imaging, Image Processing, And Machine Learning, Allan Abraham, Kameshwaran Balachandran

Undergraduate Research (Journal)

This outreach undergraduate research project presents a low-cost method to distinguish the quality of different olive oils. The proposed method is based on an indirect measurement of the chlorophyll molecules present when a green laser diode illuminates the oil sample. Oil blends can be classified into five classes (no olive oil, light olive oil, medium olive oil, olive oil, and extra virgin olive oil) by quantifying the ratio of the red channel versus the green channel along the laser illumination path from a color image. After labeling each oil blend, a convolutional neural network has been implemented and trained to …

Molecular Dynamics Study Of Characterization In Metal-Free Friction Materials, Yizhan Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Metallic friction materials currently used in industry may adversely impact the environment. Substitutions for metals in friction materials, on the other hand, can introduce operational safety issues and other unforeseeable issues such as thermal-mechanical instabilities and insufficient strength. In view of it, this dissertation focuses on developing different kinds of materials from simple structure to complex structure and evaluating the material properties with the assistance of molecular dynamics (MD) tools at the nano scale.

First, the concept of the contacted surfaces in friction at the atomic scale was introduced in order to get accurate understanding of the friction process compared …

Frequency Stability Constrained Grid Operation With High Penetration Of Renewables, Ningchao Gao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Achieving carbon neutrality necessitates a significant integration of renewable energy into power systems. However, the swift implementation of fluctuating renewable energy (VRE) sources such as solar photovoltaics (PV) exacerbates real time power imbalances due to the randomness and uncertainty associated with VRE power generation. Further, the declining reliance on conventional synchronous generators (SGs) for system inertia presents considerable challenges in maintaining frequency stability, especially following disturbances.

Two possible solutions are proposed to address the first issue. Firstly, a speedy real time generation dispatch can be scheduled to allocate generation resources within short time intervals to effectively respond to changes in …

Effect Of Ultraviolet Light On Field Emission Performance And Lifetime Of Lateral Field Emitter Devices, Ranajoy Bhattacharya, Marco Turchetti, Matthew Yeung, P. Donald Keathley, Karl K. Berggren, Jim Browning

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Lateral field emission devices have been characterized before and after ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. Two types of planar device structures, diode and bowtie, were studied. These nanoscale devices have 9–15 nm tip-to-tip (bowtie) or tip-to-collector (diode) dimensions with the tips fabricated from Au/Ti. Typical currents of 2–5 nA per tip at 6 V were measured. It was observed that after UV exposure, the collected current was reduced by > 28% for the case of a bowtie device; whereas the current was reduced by > 39% for the case of a diode device. This reduction can be attributed to water vapor desorption on …

Custom Led Dashboard Integration For The Cal Poly Racing Team, Josue Hernandez

Computer Engineering

The Custom LED Dashboard Integration was made for the Cal Poly Racing Team, specifically the BAJA division. The dashboard was made as a way to combat the current limitations endured from the past methods used to display critical information of the vehicle to the car. The display was made to combat issues of limited quantity of data being able to be displayed to the driver and its small readability was an issue, the display helped combat that by providing a greater quantity of data being able to be sent and displayed on the display and the information being displayed having …

Motif-Cluster: A Spatial Clustering Package For Repetitive Motif Binding Patterns, Mengyuan Zhou

School of Computing: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Previous efforts in using genome-wide analysis of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) have overlooked the importance of ranking potential significant regulatory regions, especially those with repetitive binding within a local region. Identifying these homogenous binding sites is critical because they have the potential to amplify the binding affinity and regulation activity of transcription factors, impacting gene expression and cellular functions. To address this issue, we developed an open-source tool Motif-Cluster that prioritizes and visualizes transcription factor regulatory regions by incorporating the idea of local motif clusters. Motif-Cluster can rank the significant transcription factor regulatory regions without the need for experimental …

Growth Of Germanium Thin Films On Sapphire Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Emmanuel Wangila, Peter Lytvyn, Hryhorii Stanchu, Calbi Gunder, Fernando Maia De Oliveira, Samir Saha, Subhashis Das, Niroshi Eldose, Chen Li, Mohammad Zamani-Alavijeh, Mourad Benamara, Yuriy I. Mazur, Shui-Qing Yu, Gregory J. Salamo

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Germanium films were grown on c-plane sapphire with a 10 nm AlAs buffer layer using molecular beam epitaxy. The effects of Ge film thickness on the surface morphology and crystal structure were investigated using ex situ characterization techniques. The nucleation of Ge proceeds by forming (111) oriented three-dimensional islands with two rotational twin domains about the growth axis. The boundaries between the twin grains are the origin of the 0.2% strain and tilt grains. The transition to a single-grain orientation reduces the strain and results in a better-quality Ge buffer. Understanding the role of thickness on material quality during the …

Boosting Snr Of Cascaded Fbgs In A Sapphire Fiber Through A Rapid Heat Treatment, Farhan Mumtaz, Hanok Tekle, Bohong Zhang, Jeffrey D. Smith, Ronald J. O'Malley, Rex E. Gerald, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Letter reports the performance of femtosecond (fs) laser-written distributed fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) under high-temperature conditions up to 1600°C and explores the impact of rapid heat treatment on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement. FBGs are essential for reliable optical sensing in extreme temperature environments. Comprehensive tests demonstrate the remarkable performance and resilience of FBGs at temperatures up to 1600°C, confirming their suitability for deployment in such conditions. The study also reveals significant fringe visibility improvements of up to ∼10 dB on a 1-m-long sapphire optical fiber through rapid heat treatment, representing a first-time achievement to the best of our knowledge. …

Impact Of Silicon Ion Irradiation On Aluminum Nitride-Transduced Microelectromechanical Resonators, David D. Lynes, Joshua Young, Eric Lang, Hengky Chandrahalim

Faculty Publications

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonators use is widespread, from electronic filters and oscillators to physical sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes. These devices' ubiquity, small size, and low power consumption make them ideal for use in systems such as CubeSats, micro aerial vehicles, autonomous underwater vehicles, and micro-robots operating in radiation environments. Radiation's interaction with materials manifests as atomic displacement and ionization, resulting in mechanical and electronic property changes, photocurrents, and charge buildup. This study examines silicon (Si) ion irradiation's interaction with piezoelectrically transduced MEMS resonators. Furthermore, the effect of adding a dielectric silicon oxide (SiO₂) thin film is …

Electrophertic Deposition And Characterization Of Molybdenum Disulfide On Silicon Substrates, Alex J. Young

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The electrical characteristics of 2D materials such as high electron mobility and current density are of great interest to various fields from optoelectronics to renewable energy. Researchers have focused their efforts on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) due to their direct energy band gap. One such TMDC that has garnered much attention is molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). MoS2 has electrical properties comparable to graphene and is a TMDC with characteristics amenable to applications such as solar cells and sensors. Commonly deposited through time-consuming and complex deposition methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the viability of MoS2 as an electronic material will …

Control Methods For Maximizing Power Absorption And Grid Integration In Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters, Abdin Yousif Elamin

Dissertations

Wave energy is an emerging renewable energy source with great potential attributable to its consistent availability and high energy density. Technologies responsible for harnessing this form of energy are referred to as wave energy converters (WECs), among which point absorbers (PAs) are a notable subcategory. Unfortunately, the unpredictable and variable nature of waves, coupled with their complex hydrodynamics, has hindered PAs from achieving maximum wave energy absorption. Moreover, the inherent variability in wave energy leads to fluctuations in the power output of PAs. These power fluctuations pose challenges for grid integration, which requires power quality compatible with grid code standards. …

Quantitative Gait And Balance Outcomes For Ataxia Trials: Consensus Recommendations By The Ataxia Global Initiative Working Group On Digital-Motor Biomarkers, Winfried Ilg, Sarah Milne, Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch, Lisa Alcock, Lukas Beichert, Enrico Bertini, Helen Dawes, Christopher M. Gomez, James Mcnames, Multiple Additional Authors

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

With disease-modifying drugs on the horizon for degenerative ataxias, ecologically valid, finely granulated, digital health measures are highly warranted to augment clinical and patient-reported outcome measures. Gait and balance disturbances most often present as the first signs of degenerative cerebellar ataxia and are the most reported disabling features in disease progression. Thus, digital gait and balance measures constitute promising and relevant performance outcomes for clinical trials.

This narrative review with embedded consensus will describe evidence for the sensitivity of digital gait and balance measures for evaluating ataxia severity and progression, propose a consensus protocol for establishing gait and balance metrics …

Cyberattacks And Security Of Cloud Computing: A Complete Guideline, Muhammad Dawood, Shanshan Tu, Chuangbai Xiao, Hisham Alasmary, Muhammad Waqas, Sadaqat Ur Rehman

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Cloud computing is an innovative technique that offers shared resources for stock cache and server management. Cloud computing saves time and monitoring costs for any organization and turns technological solutions for large-scale systems into server-to-service frameworks. However, just like any other technology, cloud computing opens up many forms of security threats and problems. In this work, we focus on discussing different cloud models and cloud services, respectively. Next, we discuss the security trends in the cloud models. Taking these security trends into account, we move to security problems, including data breaches, data confidentiality, data access controllability, authentication, inadequate diligence, phishing, …

Real-Time Object Tracking With Yolov5 And Recurrent Network On A Hardware Platform, Mohammed Abdulhakeem Alameri

Theses

The advancement of computer vision, particularly in the domain of object tracking, involves the integration of conventional feature-based approaches with contemporary deep learning methodologies. The initial phase of object detection plays a fundamental role in generating prospective objects for further tracking, and its level of success has a direct influence on the overall effectiveness of the tracking process. Many of the methods used to generate candidate objects start with object detection, and then object tracking algorithms are developed to link the object instances together to create the trajectories.
The primary difficulties in object tracking pertain to the establishment of reliable …

Design And Application Of Circular Edge-Fed Linearly Polarized Patch Antenna With Enhanced Bandwidth And Gain For Respiratory Monitoring Systems, Mo’Ath Akram Al Hayek

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

This Master's thesis explores the design and application of a circular edge-fed patch antenna for respiratory monitoring systems. The antenna, fabricated from a thin copper adhesive sheet, demonstrates compatibility with textile materials of low thickness and a relative permittivity of 1.3. Using CST Studio Suite 3D EM simulation software, the antenna's design was optimized through extensive trials, achieving improved bandwidth and gain. Our findings indicate that the antenna successfully differentiates between various breathing patterns, including slow, normal, and fast breathing rates. The study's managerial and research implications extend to healthcare, wearable technology sectors, and the broader scientific community. The research …

Dependence Of The Granulometric Composition Of Chalk During Granulation In A Turbulized Layer, N.A. Annaev, S.Kh. Nurmukhamedov, Zh.V. Sultonov, N.Sh. Khudoiberdieva

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article presents the results of an experimental study on chalk granulation in the turbulized layer of a turboblade granulator. The design of the apparatus combines the following sequential processes: grinding, granulating and compacting newly formed granules. In addition, this device has the ability to carry out both rotational and reciprocating motion. It has been established that preliminary grinding of the feedstock increases the efficiency of the granulation process and improves the quality of the finished product. In the experiments, four substances were used to create 2 astringent suspensions and the optimal combination and their ratios were determined. The experiments …

Study Of Technological Multi-Stage Modes Of Refining Vegetable Oils, Elyor Erkinovich Samadov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The work reflects the current state of the technology for obtaining refined vegetable oils and identifies trends in their improvement and further development in the environment of industrial automation using modern methods of distributed monitoring, building control, and management systems for technological processes of refining vegetable oils. The influence of technological modes of refining vegetable oils on the efficiency of diffusion extraction of free fatty acids (FFA) has been studied and the indirect pH-metric measurement of FFA concentration has been substantiated.

The Algorithm For The Design Of Fine Granular Substances’ Smart-Type Heat And Moisture Converters Based On Their Accuracy And Speed Criteria, Erkin Uljaev, Ali Abduakhatovich Abduraxmanov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The paper describes a technique and algorithm allowing to perform parametric design of smart-type heat and moisture converters (hereinafter SHMC) of fine-grained dispersive materials based on their criteria of accuracy and speed. The proposed algorithm optimizes the process of design of smart-type switches and ensure optimal performance of the switches. The method of calculation and selection of optimal parameters of smart-type heat and moisture converters intended to be used in the measurement of parameters such as heat and humidity of fine dispersive substances are aimed at boosting two parameters, i.e., the accuracy and speed. Also, the design stages have been …

Synthesis Problem Of Adaptive Control Systems For Multi-Channel And Multi-Mode Objects, Jasur Usmonovich Sevinov, Abdishukurov Maqsud O'G'Li Shavkat Mr, Nasriddin Xasanovich Bobomurodov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The issue of synthesis of an adaptive control system for multi-channel and multi-mode objects is considered. Development that of effective adaptive control algorithms for nonlinear dynamic systems ensure quality indicators of processes. In technological processes, it is necessary to control several parameters or several systems at the same time. For such a process control system, an adaptive control system is created. Work has been carried out on structural projects for the installation of adaptive systems. The stable requirements for the correction of adaptive control systems are seen. A review of several parametric deviation detections, based on the reference model and …

Fast Fourier Transform Analytical Expression Of Estimation Of Nosinusoidality Indicators, Ilkhomjon Khakimovich Siddikov, Zailobiddin Urazali O’G’Li Boixanov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This in the article asynchronous motor is reactive power control to do and manage for from the transformer used. The main element of the current transformer is the measuring instrument, i.e. the sensitive element. Depending on the number of asynchronous motor stator blades, the measurement sensitive element is placed between the main winding and the rotor as a two-ring or three-ring. Measurement accuracy, reliability, and sensitivity increase compared to an independent measuring device. The measuring element loops are independent or connected in series . When the measurement loops are connected in series, the amount of output voltage is …

Metric Algorithms Of Symbol Detection For Determining A Group Of Significant Objects, Sherzod Ismoiljonovich Yuldashev

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article examines the algorithm of nearest neighbors, which widely uses metric classification algorithms and the combinatorial theory of reconnection with the precedent information in solving practical recognition problems. One of the most important issues in the development of image recognition systems is that the image recognition system determines the characteristics of objects. Most pattern recognition methods are used in the process of recognizing not all objects of the training sample, but a certain part of the objects. The formation of a training sample by filtering objects according to the level of importance for metric classification algorithms is carried out …

Distribution Of Magnetic Flux In Magnetic Chains Of Angular Displacement Measuring Transformer Converters With Variable Active Surface Of Movement Core, Sulton Faizullayevich Amirov, Ulugbek Shukhratovich Mamadaliyev, Absaid Khurramovich Sulliev

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

In the article, the magnetic chain of a differential type angular displacement transformer converter with a variable active area of a movable ferromagnetic ring is considered as a magnetic chain with distributed parameters in which the thickness of the movable ferromagnetic ring is a linear function of the angular displacement of the converter. It is shown that although in magnetic chains with a special distribution structure of the magnetic parameters of the resistance of ferromagnetic rings and the magnetic conductivity of the working gap between the rings, the same conditions are created for the passage of the lines of force …

Models Of Physical-Technical Effects In The Processes Of Changing Three-Phase Asymmetrical Currents Into A Signal In The Appearance Of Secondary Voltage, Timur Urunbayevich Kurbaniyazov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article presents research models, physical processes and mathematical expressions of the processes, quantities and parameters in the elements and structures of three-phase electromagnetic current transformers used in measurement and control systems of asymmetrical three-phase reactive power of power supply systems.

Algorithm For The Functioning Of The Robot's Mechatronic System, Nodira Batirdjanovna Alimova, Bekmurod Bayotovich Yusupov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Currently, the introduction of mechatronics and robotics into modern technologies, including rural industry, which are based on different types of mechatronic modules, is relevant. The article discusses the functioning algorithm of the electro-pneumatic multi-position mechatronic system of an intelligent robot. The mechatronic system under consideration is an integrated complex of electro-pneumatic elements, electronic elements and computer technology, with constant dynamic changes in energy and information between them, united by a common automatic control system. The main distinctive feature of this mechatronic system is increased positioning accuracy and high traction forces.

Development Of An Imitation Model Of The Vulcanization Process In The Production Of Elastomeric Composites, Toshtemir Avezov, Mirxalil Agzamovich Ismailov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

In the article, a systematic approach to the mathematical modeling of the production process of complex multi-stage elastomeric composites was considered, which allows to take into account the stoichiometric relationship of the chemical reaction in the process. Based on the chemical reaction occurring in the mixer, a kinetic model of the elastomer composites production process is proposed, which is the basis for obtaining the main functional relationship of the mathematical model for the mixer, the main quality indicator of the process. The proposed systematic approach in the form of a mathematical model based on the stoichiometric relationship and the …