Engineering Commons^™

To Light Or Not To Light? -- That Is The Energy Question, J. Byron Nelson, Burns E. Hegler

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The controversy over lighting levels has existed for some time. Interest in methods of lighting has been heightened by the energy crisis. It has been estimated that lighting consumes approximately five percent of the nation's energy, therefore lighting is a relatively small energy user when compared to transportation and industrial processes which consume the bulk of the nation's energy. However, any saving that will make a contribution to the energy crisis should be considered. Consequently, this paper shows how energy for lighting may be reduced without sacrificing the present quality of lighting and in some cases, actually improve the lighting …

An Analysis Of Investments In Residential Energy Conservation In Southeast Missouri, Ralph Gunderson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study examines the economic feasibility of residential solar heating. Climatic and economic variables used in this report represent those of Cape Girardeau, Missouri. An annual cost model is used to determine the conditions under which solar heating achieves a reduced annual cost of heating relative to gas and electric heating systems.

Combining Solar Heating With A Wood Burning Furnace, Kenneth Bechtold, William E. Stewart Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The objective is to minimize the use of high-cost heating fuels in rural areas with the assistance of a wood burning furnace and a solar collector.

It was discovered that when the output of a wood burning furnace can be diverted into a solar storage battery, more useful heat can be supplied to a house with little extra inconvenience to the homeowner. The total amortized system of the wood burning furnace combined with the solar system will be less than if the systems were operated independently.

Energy Evaluation And Component Characterization Data In A Residential Solar Monitoring Program, Gene E. Kouba, William P. Moran, Bruce V. Ketcham

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The initial phase of performance analysis, data acquisition system development and short term component characterization of a two year residential solar energy monitoring program are presented. The purpose of the monitoring program is to accumulate both short and long term performance data which would be useful in optimizing system operation, determining possible improvements to the system configuration, validating simulation methods for predicting performance, and estimating the economics of the system.

A Solar-Cooling Pool Assisted Heat Pump System, Walter J. Schaetzle

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A swimming pool is used in parallel with a water-source heat pump for both cooling and heating. For cooling, the pool is used as a spray pond (cooling tower); and for heating, the pool is used as a solar collector, and thermal energy storage. Both theoretical studies and experimental work have been done on this system. A full scale system is almost complete and has been used during the summer for cooling. Economically, on both an operating basis and a capital basis, the system appears feasible.

An Architectural Application For Fchart (Solar Feasibility In The Midwest), Rodney Wright, Larry Dieckmann

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Examination of climatic conditions in the twelve Midwestern states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin reveals that this region receives from 50% to 70% of the possible annual total hours of sunshine.

Degree day heating requirements range from 4,000DD to over 10,000DD per year. In the northern tier of states, some areas require heat at some time in each month.

The FCHART Method for Solar Heating Design, developed at the Solar Energy Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin, is a method for making a computer study of solar capability for …

Principles Of Design Of A Solar Heated House, Alex Stefanovic, Chaman Kashkari

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper explains the principles of design of a solar heating system for a house in Akron, Ohio area. The house is a standard one family, two story house, such as Ryan Home's Brockington model. It has, approximately, 2,000 square feet of living area, a full basement, and an attached two car garage. The solar heating system is designed to provide as much of the heating needs as is economically feasible.

An Analysis Of Solar Heating Costs In Arkansas Broiler Houses, Ralph Gunderson, J. Martin Redfern

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study is based on the computer simulation model of a solar heated broiler house in four locations in Arkansas. This simulation model estimated the annual energy savings in each broiler house due to the installation of a solar heating system. This paper uses present value analysis to estimate the life cycle costs of heating conventional and solar heated broiler houses in the state of Arkansas. From these calculations, the number of years required to achieve a break-even cost of heating is estimated.

Design And Operational Characteristics Of A Retrofit Solar Heating System, D. J. Wetteroff, Bassem F. Armaly

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The construction and the operation of a retrofit solar assisted space heating system are described. Performance characteristics of each component were measured and used to estimate the contribution of solar energy to the yearly space heating energy requirements.

The Measurement Of Depolarized Radiation For Monitoring The Mass Concentration Of Particulates, Bruce E. Wilson

Theses

The depolarization of backscattered polarized incident radiation which is expressed as a depolarization ratio was investigated as a means of monitoring the mass concentration of particles in stacks from coal-fired burners. This involved the design of an instrument that would detect small levels of radiation. Two methods were investigated. The first utilized a Gallium Arsenide laser and a silicon detector diode; the second was composed of a xenon flash lamp and a photomultiplier detector tube.

The relationship between the depolarization ratio and the mass concentration of diamond particles in the 0.01 gm/m³ to 0.5 gm/m³ was determined. Diamond …

Relativistic Electronic Structure Of Pbs And Pbse Molecules, Cary Y. Yang, Sohrab Rabii

Electrical and Computer Engineering

The electronic orbitals of PbS and PbSe are calculated using a scattered‐wave technique for the solution of the one‐electron Dirac equation for a polyatomic muffin‐tin potential. The resulting orbital transition energies are in good agreement with experimental absorption and emission data.

Second And Third Generation Vector Computers And Their Fortran Processors, Kay Anderson Hansborough

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

SECOND AND THIRD GENERATION VECTOR COMPUTERS AND THEIR

FORTRAN PROCESSORS

Kay Anderson Hansborough, M.S.

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

The University of New Mexico, 1976

This work describes the architectures of five large vector computers. These computers are the CDC 7600, CDC STAR-100, TI Advanced Scientific Computer, CRAY-1, and Burroughs Scientific Processor.

Then the FORTRAN languages and their vector extensions are described for each machine. In addition to these languages, the IBM VECTRAN language is described.

Fuzzy Probability And Probabilistic Processes, Abraham Kandel

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

In this dissertation, contributions to fuzzy probability and to differential equations with fuzzy parameters are made.

After an introductory chapter, a review of fuzzy sets and fuzzy algebra is given in Chapter 2. The main new results of the dissertation are contained in Chapter 3.

In Chapter 3, Zadeh's definition of the probability of a "fuzzy event" and "the event" and "the average value of a fuzzy function" are extended into the time domain. It is then shown that not only grades of membership, but also probabilistic processes with notions of fuzziness contained, can be defined which obey ordinary, matric, …

The Use Of Windmills As A Potential Energy Alternative, James A. Long

Graduate Research Papers

The use of wind as an energy source has been used for many centuries to do work for man. Wind energy has long been recognized as a potentially abundant source of power. In this area of the United States windmills once dotted the landscape providing a means of pumping water and for mechanical power. It also was used for generation of electrical power on farms before the advent of the rural electrification program. In recent years, however, the reliance upon fossil fuels to supply man with energy has virtually eliminated his reliance upon wind as an energy source. With the …

A Comprehensive Study Of Excimer Laser Systems, Robert Ray Butcher

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Rare gas halogen lasers are finding increasing usage as an intense source of ultraviolet energy. Many applications require a high energy laser capable of operation at reasonably high repetition rates. Elec­trical discharge pumping satisfies these requirements quite nicely, however to date little has been reported on the discharge character­istics of this class of laser. This paper describes a parametric study done on electrical discharge excimer laser systems.

We have designed and tested a flashboard pre-ionized excimer laser utilizing a cable pulse forming network (PFN) for the main discharge. Extensive voltage and current data were taken with various gas mixtures at …

Rayleigh-Debye Scattering With Focused Laser Beams, Lee W. Casperson, Cavour W. Yeh

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A focused beam technique has been developed for diagnosing the characteristics of individual particles within a polydisperse ensemble. In the Rayleigh-Debye approximation the scattered fields are related to the orientation and properties of a scatterer by means of explicit analytic formulas. The results simplify when the particle size is small compared to the minimum beam diameter.

Charge Storage Nonvolatile Semiconductor Memory Device, Dae Yeong Joh

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Semiconductor memory elements have been fabricated on silicon utilizing reactively evaporated TiO₂ as the charge storage insulator medium. The dielectric and charge storage properties of TiO₂ films have been characterized as a function of TiO₂ deposition conditions and post-deposition heat-treatment. Experimental results indicate a strong dependence of the film properties on fabrication process parameter such as oxygen pressure during deposition, substrate temperature, and post-deposition heat-treatment temperature and time. Data taken on the test devices show that both dielectric constant and charge storage properties are enhanced by reactive evaporation of TiO₂ in an oxygen ambient and substrate …

Dielectric Strength Of Sio₂ In A Cmos Transistor Structure, Jerry Malin Soden

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The maximum dielectric strength distribution of SiO₂ in a CMOS structure is shown to be composed of a primary, normal distribution of high dielectric strength and a low dielectric strength group spread through the lower electric field region. The maximum dielectric strength in the primary distribution is within about 0.5 MV/cm of the dielectric strength reported for uniform thickness SiO₂ in capacitor studies. This indicates the maximum dielectric strength of SiO₂ in a properly fabricated CMOS structure can be nearly as high as the maximum obtainable dielectric strength of uniform SiO₂. The primary dielectric strength …

Microwave Transmission Through Laser Irradiated Dielectrics, Ronald Robert Delyser

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

An investigation is made of microwave transmission through two types of dielectrics while being irradiated by a 15 Kw, CO₂ continuous wave laser. The two materials, a high silica ceramic and a fiber­glass laminate, present two different problems for solution of their microwave transmission characteristics while being subjected to high intensity continuous wave irradiation.

The high silica ceramic was found to exhibit a slightly reduced transmission coefficient with an accompanying change in phase delay due to ablation of the material during laser irradiation. As much as -4db loss with a phase delay of +30° is observed at an intensity …

Simulation Of Mechanical Rotation By Optical Rotation: Application To The Design Of A New Fourier Photopolarimeter, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The mechanical rotation of an optical element around the axis of a beam of polarized light can be easily simulated by using the phenomenon of optical rotation. Because optical rotation can be magnetically or electrically induced, virtually any kind of mechanical rotation can be mimicked. This interesting principle is applied to the design of a new Fourier photopolarimeter that uses an oscillating-azimuth retarder (OAR). The OAR consists of a quarter-wave plate surrounded by two ac-excited Faraday cells that produce equal and opposite sinusoidal optical rotations. Analysis of the operation of this polarimeter of no moving parts proves its ability to …

Generalized Ellipsometry Based On Azimuth Measurements Alone, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

We investigate the azimuth response function, θ_o = f(θ_i), of a linear nondepolarizing optical system S, whereθ_i and θ_o, are the azimuths (orientations) of the generally elliptic vibrations of totally polarized light at the input and output of S. We find that the azimuth response function depends on five of the six parameters that specify the normalized circular Jones matrix of the optical system. Thus the entire polarization response of an optical system can be nearly completely reconstructed from its azimuth response alone. Five input-output azimuth measurements (θ_ik, θ_ok), k …

Relativistic Scattered-Wave Theory Ii. Normalization And Symmetrization, Cary Y. Yang

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Formalisms for normalization and symmetrization of one‐electron Dirac scattered‐wave wavefunctions are presented. The normalization integral consists of one‐dimensional radial integrals for the spherical regions and an analytic expression for the intersphere region. Symmetrization drastically reduces the size of the secular matrix to be solved. Examples for planar Pb₂Se₂ and tetrahedral Pd₄ are discussed.

Atomic Hydrogen Storage Method And Apparatus, John A. Woollam

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Atomic hydrogen, for use as a fuel or as an explosive, is stored in the presence of a strong magnetic field in exfoliated layered compounds such as molybdenum disulfide or an elemental layer material such as graphite. The compound is maintained at liquid helium temperatures and the atomic hydrogen is collected on the surfaces of the layered compound which are exposed during delamination (exfoliation). The strong magnetic field and the low temperature combine to prevent the atoms of hydrogen from recombining to form molecules.

A Synchronous Detection System For Dc Resistivity Mapping At The Earth's Surface, Stewart Lee Olsen

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Current practices in geothermal research require electrical prospecting methods such as resistivity mapping and profiling. This project was predicated on the need for an improved measurement technique for performing dc resistivity mapping at the earth's surface. A synchronous detection system provides automatic detection, recording, and flexible control for the signal current source used in resistivity mapping. As a part of this project, a synchronous detection system was designed, fabricated, and tested. The system incorporates a noise suppression scheme using the frequency-modulated spectrum of the noisy signal. The overall system, which includes a Synchronous Transmitter Control, a Synchronous Detector, and a …

Relativistic Xα–Scattered‐Wave Calculations For The Uranyl Ion, Cary Y. Yang, K. H. Johnson, J. A. Horsley

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Relativistic Xα–scattered‐wave molecular orbital calculations have been carried out on the uranyl ion UO²₂+. The calculated orbital eigenvalues are in good agreement with the results of a recent x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of uranyl compounds. An interpretation of the optical spectrum of the uranyl ion in terms of a Hund’s case (c) (ω, ω) coupling scheme is given.

The National Solar Heating And Cooling Information Center, Jeremy A. Lifsey, Sanford Zane Meschkow

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The Center is an information service funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Department of Energy as part of a program to foster the use of solar energy in domestic hot water systems and the heating and cooling of buildings. The Center answers questions by mail and over toll-free hot lines, operates a mobile exhibit van and several exhibits that appear at conferences and trade shows, and distributes HUD and DOE publications on solar energy. Users can request lists of addresses of solar design and construction professionals, manufacturers, distributors, banks that have given solar …

5th Annual Umr-Dnr Conference On Energy -- Entire Proceedings, University Of Missouri--Rolla

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This volume is a collection of refereed papers presented at the Fifth Annual UMR-DNR Conference on Energy held at the University of Missouri--Rolla on the dates of October 10 - 12, 1978.

Guided by the President's goal of energy independence by 1980, the UMR-DNR Conference on Energy organized in 1974 with the purpose of providing social scientists, scientists and engineers a means for rapid communication of their most recent research results in the field of energy and to offer solutions to the energy related problems of local government, business, industry and the general public. Since that time, there has been …

Testing Of Solar Collectors By A Standard Method, Harry J. Sauer Jr., Bassem F. Armaly

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A description of the recently adopted standard for testing solar collectors "ASHRAE STANDARD 93-77, METHOD OF TESTING SOLAR COLLECTORS BASED ON THERMAL PERFORMANCE" is presented. Results from the standard could be used to simulate the transient performance of an installed solar system.

Electronic Fuel Injection Techniques For Hydrogen Fueled Internal Combustion Engines, Carl Arthur Maccarley

Electrical Engineering

Numerous studies have demonstrated the advantages of hydrogen as a fuel for Otto Cycle engines due to high thermal efficiency and low exhaust pollutant levels. Characteristic of hydrogen engine operation using pre-mixed intake charge formation is a problem of pre-ignition resulting in an intake manifold "backfire." Additional problems include high NO production when using certain equivalence ratios and power output degradation due to low fuel energy/volume density.

Techniques for direct and manifold fuel injection are discussed as means for overcoming these problems. Emphasis is placed on the need for total engine control, integrating control of fuel injection, ignition timing, intake …

Solar-Cell Design Based On A Distributed Diode Analysis, Jack L. Boone, Thomas P. Van Doren

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The front surface of a p-n junction solar cell has resistive losses associated with the diffused layer, the metal-semiconductor contact, and the grid structure. These losses are analyzed by considering the spatially distributed nature of the p-n junction and the grid conductors. This distributed diode analysis is especially useful for solar cells operated under concentrated sunlight conditions. The results show the dependence of the V-I characteristics and the maximum power output per unit cell on the ratio of the diffused layer resistance to the junction dynamic resistance. This ratio can assist the designer in establishing proper grid structure geometries and …